~lubuntu-wiki-docs/lubuntu-manual/trunk

\chapter{Installation}
\label{ch:installation}

\credit{editor}{Sylvie Gallet}{13.04}
\credit{author}{Mario Burgos}{13.10}
\credit{editor}{David Pires}{13.10}

\status{13.10}{2013-07-13}{outdated}
\status{13.10}{2013-10-02}{candidate}
\status{14.04}{2014-01-20}{outdated}

\section{Getting Ubuntu}
\marginnote{Many companies (such as Dell and System76) sell computers with Ubuntu preinstalled. If you already have Ubuntu installed on your computer, feel free to skip to \chaplink{ch:the-lubuntu-desktop}.}
Before you can get started with Ubuntu, you will need to obtain a copy of the Ubuntu installation image for \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB}. Some options for doing this are outlined below.

\subsection{Minimum system requirements}
\indexstart{system requirements}
If you are unsure whether it will work on your computer, the \gls{Live DVD} is a great way to test things out first. Below is a list of hardware specifications that your computer should meet as a minimum requirement.

% Reviewed "Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements" and revised accordingly - Mario B.

\begin{itemize}
  \item 1~GHz x86 processor (Pentium 4 or better)
  \item 1~\acronym{GB} of system memory (\acronym{RAM})
  \item 5~\acronym{GB} of disk space (at least 15~\acronym{GB} is recommended)
  \item Video support capable of 1024×768 resolution
  \item Audio support
  \item An Internet connection (highly recommended, but not required)
\end{itemize}
\indexend{system requirements}

\subsection{Downloading Ubuntu}
\indexstart{Ubuntu!downloading}
The easiest and most common method for getting Ubuntu is to download the Lubuntu \acronym{DVD} image directly from \url{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/GetLubuntu}. Choose how you will install Lubuntu:
\begin{itemize}
  \item Download and install
  \item Try it from a \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} stick
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Download and Install / Try it from a \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} stick}
For the \emph{Download and install}, or \emph{Try it from a \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} stick} options, select whether you require the 32-bit or 64-bit version (32-bit is recommended for most users), then click ``Start download.''
\indexend{Ubuntu!downloading}

\subsubsection{32-bit versus 64-bit}
\indexstart{32-bit versus 64-bit}
Ubuntu and its derivatives are available in two versions: 32-bit and 64-bit. \marginnote{\emph{32-bit} and \emph{64-bit} are types of processor architectures. Most new desktop computers have a 64-bit capable processor.} This difference refers to the way computers process information.  Computers capable of running 64-bit software are able to process more information than computers running 32-bit software; however, 64-bit systems require more memory in order to do this.  Nevertheless, these computers gain performance enhancements by running 64-bit software.
%explain alternate and powerpc isos here? walterorlin@gmail.com 

\begin{itemize}
  \item If your computer has a 64-bit processor, install the 64-bit version.
  \item If your computer is older, a netbook, or you do not know the type of processor in the computer, install the 32-bit version.
\end{itemize}

If your computer has a 64-bit processor, select the ``64-bit'' option before you click ``Start download.''
\indexend{32-bit versus 64-bit}

\subsubsection{Downloading Ubuntu as a torrent}
\indexstart{torrent!Ubuntu image}
\marginnote{\define{Torrents} are a way of sharing files and information around the Internet via peer-to-peer file sharing. A file with the \texttt{.torrent} extension is made available to users, which is then opened with a compatible program such as \application{uTorrent}, \application{Deluge}, or \application{Transmission}. These programs download parts of the file from other people all around the world.}
When a new version of Ubuntu is released, the download \glspl{server} can get ``clogged'' as large numbers of people try to download or upgrade Ubuntu at the same time. If you are familiar with using torrents, you can download the torrent file by clicking ``Alternative downloads,'' and then ``BitTorrent download.'' Downloading via torrent may improve your download speed, and will also help to spread Ubuntu to other users worldwide.
\indexend{torrent!Ubuntu image}

\subsection{Burning the \acronym{DVD} image}
\marginnote{While the 64-bit version of Ubuntu is referred to as the ``AMD64'' version, it will work on Intel, AMD, and other compatible 64-bit processors.}
Once your download is complete, you will be left with a file called \emph{lubuntu-14.04-desktop-i386.iso} or similar (\emph{i386} here in the filename refers to the 32-bit version. If you downloaded the 64-bit version, the filename contains \emph{amd64} instead). This file is a \acronym{DVD} image\dash a snapshot of the contents of a \acronym{DVD}\dash which you will need to burn to a \acronym{DVD}.

% Updated burning to CD/USB based on ubuntu.com/download page. -MarioB

\subsection{Creating a bootable \acronym{USB} drive}
\indexstart{Ubuntu!bootable \acronym{USB} drive}
If your \acronym{PC} is able to boot from a \acronym{USB} stick, you may prefer to use a \acronym{USB} memory stick instead of burning a \acronym{DVD}. Scroll down to ``Burn your \acronym{DVD} or create a \acronym{USB} drive,'' select \emph{\acronym{DVD}} or \emph{\acronym{USB} stick}, choose the \acronym{OS} you are using to create the \acronym{USB} drive, and then click \emph{Show me how}. If you select the ``\acronym{USB} Stick'' option, your installation will be running from the \acronym{USB} memory stick.  In this case, references to Live \acronym{DVD}, will refer to the \acronym{USB} memory stick.
\indexend{Ubuntu!bootable \acronym{USB} drive}

\section{Trying out Ubuntu}
\label{sec:livedvd}
\indexstart{Ubuntu Live \acronym{DVD}}
\index{Live \acronym{DVD}|see{Ubuntu Live \acronym{DVD}}}

The Lubuntu \acronym{DVD} and \acronym{USB} stick function not only as installation media, but also allow you to test Ubuntu without making any permanent changes to your computer by running the entire operating system from the \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} stick. 

\marginnote{In some cases, your computer will not recognize that the Lubuntu \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} is present as it starts up and will start your existing operating system instead. To run Ubuntu from the Live \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB}, we want the computer to look for information from the Live \acronym{DVD} or \acronym{USB} first. Changing your \emph{boot priority} is usually handled by \acronym{BIOS} settings; this is beyond the scope of this guide. If you need assistance with changing the boot priority, see your computer manufacturer's documentation for more information. If you no longer have the orignal manual that came with the computer try searching for it online to find the manual.}
Your computer reads information from a \acronym{DVD} at a much slower speed than it can read information off of a hard drive. Running Ubuntu from the Live \acronym{DVD} also occupies a large portion of your computer's memory, which would usually be available for applications to access when Ubuntu is running from your hard drive. The Live \acronym{DVD/USB} experience will therefore feel slightly slower than it does when Ubuntu is actually installed on your computer. Running Ubuntu from the \acronym{DVD/USB} is a great way to test things out and allows you to try the default applications, browse the Internet, and get a general feel for the operating system. It's also useful for checking that your computer hardware works properly in Ubuntu and that there are no major compatibility issues.

To try out Ubuntu using the Live \acronym{DVD/USB} stick, insert the Ubuntu \acronym{DVD} into your \acronym{DVD} drive, or connect the \acronym{USB} drive and restart your computer.

After your computer finds the Live \acronym{DVD/USB} stick, and a quick loading screen, you will be presented with the ``Welcome'' screen. Using your mouse, select your language from the list on the left, then click the button labelled \button{Try Ubuntu}. Ubuntu will then start up, running directly from the Live \acronym{DVD/USB} drive.

\screenshot{01-installation-welcome.png}{ss:installation-welcome}{The ``Welcome'' screen allows you to choose your language.}

Once Lubuntu is up and running, you will see the default desktop. We will talk more about how to actually use Lubuntu in \chaplink{ch:the-ubuntu-desktop}, but for now, feel free to test things out. Open some applications, change settings and generally explore\dash any changes you make will not be saved once you exit, so you don't need to worry about accidentally breaking anything. 

\marginnote{Alternatively, you can also use your mouse to double-click the ``Install Ubuntu 14.04'' icon that is visible on the desktop when using the Live \acronym{DVD}. This will start the Ubuntu installer.} When you are finished exploring, restart your computer by clicking the ``Power'' button in the top right corner of your screen (a circle with a line through the top) and then select \menu{Restart.} Follow the prompts that appear on screen, including removing the Live \acronym{DVD} and pressing \keystroke{Enter} when instructed, and then your computer will restart. As long as the Live \acronym{DVD} is no longer in the drive, your computer will return to its original state as though nothing ever happened!
\indexend{Ubuntu Live \acronym{DVD}}


\section{Installing Ubuntu\dash Getting started}
\indexstart{Ubuntu!installing}
\marginnote{Clicking on the underlined ``release notes'' link will open a web page containing any important information regarding the current version of Lubuntu.}
At least 5~\acronym{GB} of free space on your hard drive is required in order to install Ubuntu. We recommend 15~\acronym{GB} or more. This will ensure that you will have plenty of room to install extra applications later on, as well as store your own documents, music, and photos.
To get started, place the Ubuntu \acronym{DVD} in your \acronym{DVD} drive and restart your computer. Your computer should load Ubuntu from the \acronym{DVD}. When you first start from the \acronym{DVD}, you will be presented with a screen asking you whether you want to first try out Ubuntu or install it. Select the language you want to view the installer in and click on the \button{Install Ubuntu} button. This will start the installation process.

If you have an Internet connection, the installer will ask you if you would like to ``Download updates while installing.'' We recommend you do so. The second option, ``Install this third-party software,'' includes the Fluendo \acronym{MP3} codec, and software required for some wireless hardware. If you are not connected to the Internet, the installer will help you set up a wireless connection.

The ``Preparing to install Ubuntu'' screen will also let you know if you have enough disk space and if you are connected to a power source (in case you are installing Ubuntu on a laptop running on battery). Once you have selected your choices, click \button{Continue}.
\screenshot{01-installation-prepare.png}{ss:Preparing to install Ubuntu}{Preparing to install.}

\subsection{Internet connection}
If you are not connected to the Internet, the installer will ask you to choose a wireless network (if available). \marginnote{We recommend that you connect to the Internet during install, although updates and third-party software can be installed after installation completes.}
\begin{enumerate}
  \item Select \radiobutton{Connect to this network}, and then select your network from the list.
  \item If the list does not appear immediately, wait until a triangle/arrow appears next to the network adapter, and then click the arrow to see the available networks.
  \item In the \textfield{Password} field, enter the network \acronym{WEP} or \acronym{WPA} key (if necessary).
  \item Click \button{Connect} to continue.
\end{enumerate}

\screenshot{01-installation-wireless.png}{ss:Internet-connection}{Set up wireless.}

\subsection{Allocate drive space}
\marginnote{If you are installing on a new machine with no operating system, you will not get the first option. The upgrade option is only available if you are upgrading from a previous version of Ubuntu.} The Ubuntu installer will automatically detect any existing operating system installed on your machine, and present installation options suitable for your system. The options listed below depend on your specific system and may not all be available:

\begin{itemize}
  \item Install alongside other operating systems
  \item Upgrade Ubuntu \ldots\ to 14.04
  \item Erase \ldots\ and install Ubuntu
  \item Something else
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Install alongside other operating systems.}
\indexstart{dual-booting}
\advanced{For more complicated \gls{dual-booting} setups, you will need to configure the partitions manually.}
\indexend{dual-booting}

\screenshot{01-installation-allocate-drive-space.png}{ss:installation - allocate drive space}{Choose where you would like to install Ubuntu.}

\subsection{Upgrade Ubuntu \ldots\ to 14.04}
This option will keep all of your Documents, music, pictures, and other personal files. Installed software will be kept when possible (not all your currently installed software may be supported on the new version). System-wide settings will be cleared.

\subsubsection{Erase disk and install Ubuntu}
Use this option if you want to erase your entire disk. This will delete any existing operating systems that are installed on that disk, such as Microsoft Windows, and install Ubuntu in its place. This option is also useful if you have an empty hard drive, as Ubuntu will automatically create the necessary partitions for you.
\warning{Formatting a partition will destroy any data currently on the partition. Be sure to back up any data you want to save before formatting. More information and detailed instructions on partitioning are available at: \url{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowtoPartition}.}

After you have chosen the installation type, click \button{Continue}, or \button{Install Now}.

\subsection{Confirm Partition choices and start install}
If you chose \radiobutton{Something else}, configure the partitions as you need. Once you are happy with the way the partitions are going to be set up, click the \button{Install Now} button at the bottom right to move on.

To reduce the time required for installation, Ubuntu will continue the installation process in the background while you configure important user details \dash like your username, password, keyboard settings and default timezone.

\subsection{Where are you?}
\screenshot{01-installation-where-are-you.png}{ss:installation-where-are-you}{Tell Ubuntu your location.}
The next screen will display a world map. Using your mouse, click your geographic location on the map to tell Lubuntu where you are. Alternatively, you can type your location in the field below the map. This allows Ubuntu to configure your system clock and other location-based features. Click \button{Continue} when you are ready to move on.


\subsection{Keyboard layout}
\screenshot{01-installation-keyboard-layout.png}{ss:installation-keyboard-layout}{Verify that your keyboard layout is correct.}
Next, you need to tell Ubuntu what kind of keyboard you are using. In most cases, you will find the suggested option satisfactory. If you are unsure which keyboard option to select, you can click the \button{Detect Keyboard Layout} button to have Ubuntu determine the correct choice by asking you to press a series of keys. You can also manually choose your keyboard layout from the list of options. If you like, enter text into the box at the bottom of the window to ensure you are happy with your selection, then click \button{Continue}.

\subsection{Who are you?}
\indexstart{users!creating during installation}
Lubuntu needs to know some information about you so it can set up the primary user account on your computer. When configured, your name will appear on the login screen as well as the user menu, which we discuss in \chaplink{ch:the-ubuntu-desktop}.

On this screen you will need to tell Ubuntu:

\begin{itemize}
  \item your name
  \item what you want to call your computer
  \item your desired username
  \item your desired password
  \item how you want Ubuntu to log you in
\end{itemize}

\screenshot{01-installation-who-are-you.png}{ss:installation-who-are-you}{Setup your user account.}

Enter your full name under \textfield{Your name}. The next text field is the name your computer uses, for terminals and networks. You can change this to what you want, or keep the predetermined name. Next is your username, the name that is used for the user menu, your home folder, and behind the scenes. You will see this is automatically filled in for you with your first name. Most people find it easiest to stick with this. However, it can be changed if you prefer.

Next, choose a password and enter it into both password fields. When both passwords match, a strength rating will appear to the right that will show you whether your password is ``too short,'' ``weak,'' ``fair,'' or ``strong.'' You will be able to continue the installation process regardless of your password strength, but for security reasons it is best to choose a strong one. This is best achieved by having a password that is at least six characters long, and is a mixture of letters, numbers, symbols, and uppercase/lowercase. Avoid obvious passwords that include your birth date, spouse's name, or the name of your pet. 

%\subsection{One account to log in to everything on Ubuntu}

%During the installation you have the possibility to log in into your existing Ubuntu One account or to create a new one. Fill in all the needed information such as your email address and password and click \button{Continue}.

%If you don’t want to use Ubuntu One or if you want to create your new account later, click \button{Log in later}.

%\screenshot{01-installation-U1-account.png}{ss:installation-U1-account}{Log in to your Ubuntu One account.}

\subsection{Login Options}
\indexstart{login options}
Finally, at the bottom of this screen you have two options regarding how you wish to log in to Ubuntu. You may also choose to have Ubuntu encrypt your home folder.

\begin{itemize}
  \item Log in automatically
  \item Require my password to log in
  \begin{itemize}
    \item Encrypt my home folder
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Log in automatically}
Ubuntu will log in to your primary account automatically when you start up the computer so you won't have to enter your username and password. This makes your login experience quicker and more convenient, but if privacy or security are important to you, we don't recommend this option. Anyone who can physically access your computer will be able to turn it on and also access your files.  

\subsubsection{Require my password to login}
This option is selected by default, as it will prevent unauthorized people from accessing your computer without knowing the password you created earlier. This is a good option for those who, for example, share their computer with other family members. Once the installation process has been completed, an additional login account can be created for each family member. Each person will then have their own login name and password, account preferences, Internet bookmarks, and personal storage space. 

\subsubsection{Encrypt my home folder}
This option provides you with an added layer of security. Your home folder is where your personal files are stored. By selecting this option, Ubuntu will automatically enable \gls{encryption} on your home folder, meaning that files and folders must be decrypted using your password before they can be accessed. Therefore if someone had physical access to your hard drive (for example, if your computer was stolen and the hard drive removed), they would not be able to see your files without knowing your password. 
\warning{If you choose this option, be careful not to enable automatic login at a later date. It will cause complications with your encrypted home folder, and will potentially lock you out of important files.}
\indexend{login options}
\indexend{users!creating during installation}

\section{Finishing Installation}
Ubuntu will now finish installing on your hard drive. As the installation progresses, a slideshow will give you an introduction to some of the default applications included with Ubuntu. These applications are covered in more detail in \chaplink{ch:default-applications}. The slideshow will also highlight the Ubuntu support options.
\screenshot{01-installation-any-questions.png}{ss:installation-any-questions}{Ubuntu community support options. Where to get help for Ubuntu.}

After approximately twenty minutes, the installation will complete and you will be able to click \button{Restart Now} to restart your computer and start Ubuntu. The \acronym{DVD} will be ejected, so remove it from your \acronym{DVD} drive and press \keystroke{Enter} to continue.

\screenshot{01-installation-complete.png}{ss:installation-complete}{You are now ready to restart your computer.}

Wait while your computer restarts, and you will then see the login window (unless you selected automatic login).
\indexend{Ubuntu!installing}


\subsection{Login Screen}
After the installation has finished and your computer is restarted, you will be greeted by the login screen of Ubuntu. The login screen will present you with your username and you will have to enter the password to get past it. Click your username and enter your password. Once done, you may click the arrow or press \keystroke{Enter} to get into the Ubuntu desktop. Ubuntu's login screen supports multiple users. 

The login screen allows you to update your keyboard language, volume intensity and enable/disable accessibility settings before you log in to your desktop. It also displays date/time and battery power for laptops. You can also shut down or restart your system from the login screen.
\screenshot{01-login-screen.png}{ss:login-screen}{Login Screen.}