~gumara/ubuntu-desktop-course/ubuntu-desktop-course-th-gumara

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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://docbook.org/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd">
<chapter>
  <title>Making The Most of Images and Photos</title>

  <formalpara>
    <title>Objectives</title>

    <para>In this lesson, you will learn to: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>View and edit images</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Scan and send images</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
  </formalpara>

  <note userlevel="instructor">
    <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

    <para><emphasis role="italic">It is advisable to cover all the topics
    during the training. However, if you fall short of time then cover only
    the following topics:</emphasis> <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para><emphasis role="italic">Introducing Graphics
          Applications</emphasis></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><emphasis role="italic">Viewing Images with
          gThumb</emphasis></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><emphasis role="italic">Managing Photos with
          F-Spot</emphasis></para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para><emphasis role="italic">3D Effects</emphasis></para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>

    <para>Try and take photographs of the class (students) before this session
    and then demonstrate the applications using those photographs. This lesson
    should be very hands on as opposed to just a demonstration.</para>
  </note>

  <sect1>
    <title>Introducing Graphics Applications</title>

    <para>Graphics applications form an integral part of Ubuntu. They enable
    you to organise your photo collection, create and edit photos and images,
    scan and send objects and more.</para>

    <para>In this lesson, you will learn about the various graphics
    applications available on Ubuntu and which one to use when. These graphics
    applications are available either with the Ubuntu installation or in
    repositories (those libraries we mentioned earlier).</para>

    <formalpara>
      <title>Applications Available with the Ubuntu Installation</title>

      <para>The following applications are included in the Ubuntu installation
      package: <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="strong">gThumb Image Viewer:</emphasis> An
            image viewer and a browser which enables you
            to import pictures from a digital camera, create photo CDs and
            display photos as slide shows.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="strong">GIMP Image Editor:</emphasis> An
            image editor used for advanced image creation and editing such as
            changing the contrast, colour or the texture of an image.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="strong">F-Spot Photo Manager:</emphasis> A
            photo manager used to organise and manage photos. F-Spot enables
            you to tag (label), categorise and sort photos.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><emphasis role="strong">XSane Image Scanner:</emphasis> An
            image scanner which also enables you to photocopy documents and
            fax or e-mail scanned images.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>
    </formalpara>

    <formalpara>
      <title>Applications Available in Repositories</title>

      <para>In addition to the default applications, you can search through
      the repositories and install applications using the Synaptic Package
      Manager or the Command Line Interface (CLI).</para>
    </formalpara>

    <note userlevel="instructor">
      <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

      <para>Thousands of applications are available in the repositories; this
      topic covers only a few of them. If students want more information about
      a specific application, show them the way to view application details in
      the Synaptic Package Manager.</para>
    </note>

    <para>Some of the graphics applications are available in Ubuntu software
    repositories: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_001.png" width="1cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>

          <formalpara>
            <title>Agave:</title>

            <para>A colour scheme designer. After you select a base
            colour, Agave suggests the appropriate complementary
            colours or shades of the same base colour. You can also
            drag and drop a colour from another application, such as
            GIMP. Whether you are designing a Web page or a pamphlet
            or painting your house, this programme enables you to
            identify the appropriate colour scheme. Visit the Web site
            <ulink
            url="http://home.gna.org/colorscheme/">http://home.gna.org/colorscheme/</ulink>
            for more information on Agave.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_002.png" width="1cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>

          <formalpara>
            <title>Blender:</title>

            <para>An open-source 3D content creation suite. You can create 3D
            models and animations, add post-production effects or use it as a
            graphics editor to define interactive behaviour without
            programming. Blender has a distinctive user interface that is
            implemented entirely in Open GL and designed for speed. Python
            bindings for scripting and import/export features for popular file
            formats such as 3D Studio are available in Blender. Blender can
            output still images, animations, models for games or other third
            party engines and interactive content in the form of standalone
            binaries or web plug-ins. Visit the Web site <ulink url="http://www.blender.org/">http://www.blender.org/</ulink> for
            more information on Blender.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_003.png" width="1cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>

          <formalpara>
            <title>Dia:</title>

            <para>A diagram editor similar to Microsoft Visio. Dia offers the
            capability to produce precise and professional-level graphics. You
            can draw entity relationship diagrams, flowcharts and network
            diagrams and export them to various formats, including EPS, SVG,
            XFIG, WMF and PNG. You can also print diagrams spanning multiple
            pages. Visit the Web site <ulink url="http://live.gnome.org/Dia">http://live.gnome.org/Dia</ulink> for more information.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_004.png" width="1cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>

          <formalpara>
            <title>Gcolor2:</title>

            <para>A simple colour selector and picker that facilitates quick
            and easy selection of colours. It also enables you to save new
            colours and delete existing ones. Visit the Web site <ulink url="http://gcolor2.sourceforge.net/">http://gcolor2.sourceforge.net/</ulink> for more
            information.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_005.png" width="1cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>

          <formalpara>
            <title>GNU paint:</title>

            <para>A user-friendly painting programme for GNOME. It offers
            easy-to-use drawing tools to perform various image-processing
            operations. Visit the Web site <ulink url="http://gpaint.sourceforge.net/">http://gpaint.sourceforge.net/</ulink> for more information.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>

    <para>In addition, several third-party applications, such as Picasa, a
    free software download from Google, are compatible with Ubuntu.</para>

    <para>Picasa enables you to locate and organise all the photos on your
    computer, edit and add effects to your photos and share your photos
    through e-mail and print and post images on the Web. You can download
    Picasa from the following Web site <ulink url="http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html">http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html</ulink>.</para>

    <para>The following section outlines the features of some of these
    graphics applications and how to use them.</para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Viewing Images with gThumb</title>

    <para>gThumb enables you to browse and locate image files, organise images
    in catalogues, print images, view slide shows and export Web-based albums
    with various graphic themes. This application also offers the typical
    features of an image viewer, such as copying, moving, deleting, printing,
    zooming and converting image formats.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>Viewing Images</title>

      <para>Images can be viewed in various formats, such as BMP, JPEG, GIF,
      PNG, TIFF, ICO, XPM and GIF animations.</para>

      <procedure>
        <title>To view an image:</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to <emphasis role="strong">Graphics</emphasis> and click
          <emphasis role="strong">gThumb Image Viewer</emphasis>. The
          <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window opens.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching gThumb Image Viewer</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_006.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the left pane of the <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window, click <emphasis role="strong">Images</emphasis> and navigate to the folder that
          contains the images. Alternatively, if you know the name of the
          image, type the image name and click <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> on the toolbar. The right pane of the
          <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window displays the
          selected image as a thumbnail.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>gThumb Window</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_007.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>If there are too many images displayed in the right pane, it
          may be difficult for you to find the image you want. The <emphasis role="strong">Show</emphasis> option at the bottom in the right pane
          limits the range of visible images. For example, you can specify a
          criterion, such as <emphasis role="strong">Date</emphasis>, to
          display images stored on your computer on a specific date or
          <emphasis role="strong">Size</emphasis>, to display images of a
          specific size. Click the <emphasis role="strong">Show</emphasis> arrow and select the appropriate option
          from the <emphasis role="strong">Show</emphasis> list.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting Image Display Options</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_008.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>To view images in their original order of arrangement, click
          <emphasis role="strong">Fullscreen</emphasis> on the toolbar. The
          first image in the series opens in a fullscreen window.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing Image in Fullscreen Mode</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_009.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <para>The toolbar in the fullscreen window provides the following
          options: <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <formalpara>
                  <title>Leave Fullscreen:</title>

                  <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Leave
                  Fullscreen</emphasis> to exit fullscreen mode and return to
                  the gThumb window.</para>
                </formalpara>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <formalpara>
                  <title>Zoom In and Out:</title>

                  <para>Click the zoom options to adjust the display size of
                  an image. Use <emphasis role="strong">In</emphasis> to
                  increase the size and <emphasis role="strong">Out</emphasis> to decrease the size of the
                  image.</para>
                </formalpara>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <formalpara>
                  <title>Image properties:</title>

                  <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Properties</emphasis> to
                  view the properties of an image, such as the dimensions,
                  size or the date on which the image was saved on the
                  computer.</para>
                </formalpara>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <formalpara>
                  <title>Next</title>

                  <para>or <emphasis role="strong">Previous:</emphasis> Click
                  these buttons to navigate through and view the images in the
                  series.</para>
                </formalpara>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist></para>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>For the first image, <emphasis role="strong">Previous</emphasis> is disabled and for the last
            image, <emphasis role="strong">Next</emphasis> is disabled.</para>
          </note>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>To view images in random order, in the gThumb window, click
          the thumbnail of any image and then click <emphasis role="strong">Fullscreen</emphasis> to view the image in fullscreen
          mode.</para>

          <note userlevel="instructor">
            <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

            <para>If time permits, provide a brief description of the
            catalogues, comment and category options in the gThumb window
            toolbar. These options will help users better organise their
            images.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
      </procedure>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Running Slide Shows</title>

        <para>You can create slide shows to save clicking through your photos.
        A slide show is a display of a series of chosen images.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <procedure>
        <title>To run a slide show:</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Select the images you want to include in your slide show. In
          the <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window, click <emphasis role="strong">Slide Show</emphasis> to start a slide show of all the
          images in the right pane, in the order of arrangement. To view a
          slide show of a few selected images, hold down the <emphasis role="strong">Ctrl</emphasis> key, click the images you want to view,
          release the <emphasis role="strong">Ctrl</emphasis> key and click
          <emphasis role="strong">Slide Show</emphasis>. The slide show
          begins, displaying all the images, beginning with either the first
          image in the pane or the one you selected.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Starting a Slide Show</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_010.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing Image in Slide Show Mode</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_011.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>The gThumb slide show uses the default settings of a 4-second
          delay between images, one-time play forward and fading effects as
          transition between images. To change the default slide show
          settings, on the <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click
          the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences option</emphasis>. The
          <emphasis role="strong">gThumb Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box
          opens.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Modifying gThumb Preferences</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_012.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">gThumb
          Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box, click the <emphasis role="strong">Slide Show</emphasis> tab and change the slide show
          settings. Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis>.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Modifying Slide Show Preferences</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_013.png" width="6cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Removing Red Eye</title>

      <para>In some cameras, the proximity of the flash to the lens causes the
      light from the flash to reflect from the subject's retina to the lens,
      leaving a red eye mark on the image. Referred to as a red eye, the size
      of the mark depends on the amount of light reflected. The gThumb
      software can be used to remove the red eye from images.</para>

      <procedure>
        <title>To remove red eye from an image:</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window,
          double-click the thumbnail of the image that has a red eye. The
          image opens in a new window.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Image with a Red Eye</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_014.png" width="7cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the edit window, click <emphasis role="strong">Image</emphasis> and then click the <emphasis role="strong">Redeye Removal</emphasis> option. The <emphasis role="strong">Red-Eye Removal</emphasis> dialogue box opens.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Redeye Removal Dialogue Box</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_015.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click on or near the affected region, to replace the red eye
          with black. If you are not happy with the result, you can click the
          <emphasis role="strong">Undo</emphasis> icon in the <emphasis role="strong">Red-Eye Removal</emphasis> dialogue box. Click
          <emphasis role="strong">Save</emphasis> to replace the affected image
          with the edited one in the <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> window.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Removing Red Eye</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_016.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>The edited image also replaces the image stored on your
            computer. Ensure that you save a copy of the image before editing
            it.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>The GIMP</title>

    <para>GNU Image Manipulation Programme (GIMP) is the default graphic
    application in Ubuntu, licensed under the GNU General Public License. It
    is an open-source multi-platform image manipulation tool, available in
    many languages. You can use GIMP to re-touch photos, compose and create
    images, re-size, crop, manipulate colours and convert image
    formats.</para>

    <para>GIMP has a number of useful features: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>A full suite of painting tools, including brushes, a pencil
          and an airbrush</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Selection tools such as rectangle, ellipse, free, fuzzy and
          bezier</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Transformation tools such as rotate, scale, shear and
          flip</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Tile-based memory management so that the image size is limited
          only by available disk space</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Multiple undo/re-do operations limited only by disk
          space</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Advanced scripting capabilities</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Layers and channels for complex drawings</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Sub-pixel sampling for all paint tools to minimise distortion
          while representing high-resolution images in lower resolution or
          stretched mode</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Full alpha channel support to simulate transparency in
          images</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Support for multiple file formats, including GIF, JPEG, PNG,
          XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF, PCX and BMP</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>

    <procedure>
      <title>To launch GIMP from the desktop:</title>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
        point to <emphasis role="strong">Graphics</emphasis> and click
        <emphasis role="strong">GIMP Image Editor</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">GIMP Tip of the Day</emphasis> prompt is displayed. Click
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> on the <emphasis role="strong">GIMP Tip of the Day</emphasis> prompt. The <emphasis role="strong">GIMP</emphasis> window opens.</para>

        <figure float="0">
          <title>GIMP Tip of the Day Dialogue Box</title>

          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_017.png" width="6cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>

        <tip>
          <title>Nice to Know:</title>

          <para>The GIMP mascot is a coyote named Wilber. He provides useful
          tips while you use the application. If you do not want to see the
          tips, clear the <emphasis role="strong">Show tip next time GIMP
          starts</emphasis> check box.</para>
        </tip>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>To open an image for modification, on the <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> and select the image you want to
        modify.</para>

        <figure float="0">
          <title>Opening an Image for Editing</title>

          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_018.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>The selected image opens in the <emphasis role="strong">Image</emphasis> window.</para>

        <figure float="0">
          <title>Editing Image</title>

          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_019.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>

        <para>You can now modify the image by using the tools available in the
        <emphasis role="strong">GIMP</emphasis> window.</para>

        <tip>
          <title>Nice to Know:</title>

          <para>You can drag and drop a colour from the toolbox or from a
          colour palette onto an image. This fills the current image or
          selection with the selected colour.</para>
        </tip>

        <note userlevel="instructor">
          <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

          <para>If time permits, allow students to familiarise themselves with
          GIMP. Ask students to open an image and perform basic operations
          such as cropping the image, inserting text into the image, rotating
          the layer and smudging the image by using the available
          tools.</para>
        </note>
      </step>
    </procedure>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Managing Photos with F-Spot</title>

    <note userlevel="instructor">
      <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

      <para>After a brief explanation of F-Spot and its features, refrain from
      lengthy explanation of the tasks. Perform a brief demo of the tasks
      covered in the lesson and ask students to follow.</para>
    </note>

    <para>F-Spot is a personal photo management application for the GNOME
    desktop. You can import and view pictures from the hard disk on your
    computer, digital camera or even the ipod. You can attach tags to your
    photos and categorise them, build a photo CD, export photos over the
    Internet and share them online or perform basic colour-correction and
    editing. F-Spot supports 16 common file types, including JPEG, GIF, TIFF
    and RAW.</para>

    <para>The following graphic shows the elements in the F-Spot
    interface:</para>

    <figure float="0">
      <title>F-Spot Window</title>

      <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_020.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
        </imageobject>
      </mediaobject>
    </figure>

    <sect2>
      <title>Importing Photos in F-Spot</title>

      <para>After importing the photographs, you can categorise and tag them
      as you would to create a playlist in a music player.</para>

      <procedure>
        <title>Importing Photographs from the Hard Disk</title>

        <para>To import photographs into F-Spot from the hard disk of your
        computer:</para>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to <emphasis role="strong">Graphics</emphasis> and click
          <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot Photo Manager</emphasis>. The
          <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window opens.</para>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> button on
          the toolbar. The <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue
          box opens.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Importing Photos</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_021.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>You can also click <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> on the <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu to open the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          </note>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Import Source</emphasis> box,
          the <emphasis role="strong">Select Folder</emphasis> option is
          selected by default. Retain the option, navigate to the folder that
          contains the photographs and click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting Photo Import
            Source</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_022.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying Images to
            Import</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_023.png" width="8cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> in the
          <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Importing Photos</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_024.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <para>The photographs are listed as thumbnails in the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window. Notice that the timeline
          slider is positioned according to the dates on which the images were
          saved on the hard disk of your computer.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Browsing Photos</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_025.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>The photographs listed in the F-Spot window are not
            associated with any category or parent tag.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
      </procedure>

      <procedure>
        <title>Importing Photographs from a Digital Camera</title>

        <para>To import photographs into F-Spot from a digital camera:</para>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> button on
          the toolbar. The <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue
          box opens.</para>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Import Source</emphasis> box.
          Plug the camera on the computer. F-Spot detects the camera and
          displays the model and type of the camera in the <emphasis role="strong">Import Source</emphasis> box.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting Photo Import
            Source</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_026.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click the camera as the source for the photographs. The
          <emphasis role="strong">Select Photos to Copy From
          Camera</emphasis> dialogue box opens, which lists all the photos in
          the camera. Select the photos you want to import and click <emphasis role="strong">Copy</emphasis>.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting Images to
            Copy</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_027.png" width="7cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>F-Spot copies the photographs to the specified location and
          displays the copied photographs in the right pane of the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Viewing Photos</title>

      <para>After importing, you can view all the photographs as thumbnails in
      the right pane of the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window.
      You can view photographs in F-Spot by: <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Double-clicking each thumbnail to enlarge the view</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Select a thumbnail and click <emphasis role="strong">Fullscreen</emphasis> on the toolbar</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>

      <para>The image opens in fullscreen mode.</para>

      <figure float="0">
        <title>Browsing Photos</title>

        <mediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_028.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
          </imageobject>
        </mediaobject>
      </figure>

      <figure float="0">
        <title>Viewing Photos in Full Screen Mode</title>

        <mediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_029.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
          </imageobject>
        </mediaobject>
      </figure>

      <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Exit fullscreen</emphasis> to return
      to the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Organising Photos</title>

      <para>By default, F-Spot organises photographs based on the dates in
      which they were saved on the computer. You can view photographs for a
      specific date and time by clicking the corresponding year on the
      timeline slider or moving the slider along the timeline. For example,
      assume that there are 100 images in the right pane, 50 of which were
      saved in 2004 and 50 in 2007. To view the images for 2004, position the
      slider on the timeline at the 2004 mark.</para>

      <para>To organise the photographs differently, you can attach a tag or a
      label to each photo and categorise them. You can then view photographs
      based on these categories.</para>

      <para>Some categories are already predefined and visible in the left
      pane of the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window. You can
      group your photos under these tags.</para>

      <para>To add a tag to a photograph: <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis> window,
            right-click a photograph, point to <emphasis role="strong">Attach
            a Tag</emphasis> and click the tag with which you want to associate
            the photograph. The tag is displayed at the bottom of the
            photograph.</para>

            <figure float="0">
              <title>Tagging an Image</title>

              <mediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_030.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
                </imageobject>
              </mediaobject>
            </figure>

            <figure float="0">
              <title>Viewing Tagged Images</title>

              <mediaobject>
                <imageobject>
                  <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_031.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
                </imageobject>
              </mediaobject>
            </figure>

            <para>The tagged image is now displayed under the tagged
            category.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Drawing with Inkscape</title>

    <para>Inkscape helps you draw illustrations for the Web, graphics for
    mobile phones, simple line drawings, cartoons, complex works of art,
    figures for chapters and books or organization charts.</para>

    <para>Inkscape is a high-end graphic tool with capabilities similar to
    Illustrator, CorelDraw or Xara X. It is multi-platform software that is
    freely available for the Linux, Microsoft Windows, Solaris and Mac OS X
    operating systems.</para>

    <para>You can use it to rotate, re-size, skew, proportion, fill and stroke
    objects with a high level of precision. Advanced visual effects such as
    gradient and transparency are also available.</para>

    <para>Inkscape is not part of the default graphics package in Ubuntu
    however, you can install this package from repositories.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>Installing Inkscape</title>

      <para>There are two ways to install Inkscape. You can install this
      application from the repositories by using Synaptic Package Manager or
      from the Command Line Interface (CLI).</para>

      <note>
        <title>Note:</title>

        <para>Your computer should be connected to the Internet while
        installing the application from the repositories.</para>
      </note>

      <procedure>
        <title>Installing Inkscape by Using Synaptic Package Manager</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">System</emphasis> menu, point to
          <emphasis role="strong">Administration</emphasis> and click <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis> window
          opens.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Synaptic Package
            Manager</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_032.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package
          Manager</emphasis> window, the left pane lists the categories of
          software and the right pane lists the packages in a category. Click
          <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Find</emphasis> dialogue box opens. Type <emphasis role="strong">Inkscape</emphasis> in the <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> field and click <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis>.</para>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>To view installed and uninstalled packages, click <emphasis role="strong">Status</emphasis>. For the source repository of the
            package, click <emphasis role="strong">Origin</emphasis>. Click
            <emphasis role="strong">Custom Filters</emphasis> to determine
            whether a package is broken or upgradeable. To return to the list
            of categories after searching the packages, click <emphasis role="strong">Sections</emphasis>.</para>
          </note>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Searching
            Inkscape</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_033.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>The <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> results are
          displayed in the right pane of the <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic
          Package Manager</emphasis> window. Right-click <emphasis role="strong">Inkscape</emphasis> and select the <emphasis role="strong">Mark for Installation</emphasis> check box.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Marking Inkscape for
            Installation</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_034.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> on the toolbar
          to begin the installation process. A <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed, which
          prompts you to confirm the changes. Click <emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> to proceed with the
          installation.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Confirming
            Changes</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_035.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>After the installation is complete, click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> in the <emphasis role="strong">Changes
          applied</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title><emphasis role="italic">Changes Applied
            Confirmation</emphasis></title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_036.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>

      <para>To launch Inkscape, on the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">Graphics</emphasis> and click <emphasis role="strong">Inkscape Vector illustrator</emphasis>.</para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Creating Vector Graphic Images Using InkScape</title>

      <note userlevel="instructor">
        <title>Instructor Notes:</title>

        <para>To utilise the full potential of this application requires some
        hands-on experience on similar applications. This topic introduces
        students to Inkscape and covers the basic concepts. To engage students
        with some prior experience, use an example from the help manual and
        make them perform the steps given in the manual.</para>
      </note>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Page:</title>

        <para>This area enables you to specify various options for the output.
        For example, you can specify the Page dimensions for printing on A4
        size paper. The Page adjusts accordingly and you can adjust the
        proportion the drawing relative to the Page.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Menu Bar:</title>

        <para>This toolbar provides menus such as file save and zoom. You can
        perform all operations in Inkscape by using the options listed on
        these menus.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Command Bar:</title>

        <para>This toolbar provides shortcuts to major operations on the menu
        bar.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Drawing Toolbar:</title>

        <para>This toolbar provides options to perform drawing operations. You
        can create basic shapes such as a rectangle, a square or an
        ellipse.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Tools Control Bar:</title>

        <para>This toolbar provides options specific to a tool on the Drawing
        toolbar. For example, if you select the polygon tool from the Drawing
        toolbar, the Tools Control Bar displays options to set the corners in
        the polygon.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Status Bar:</title>

        <para>This toolbar indicates the status of objects such as dimensions
        and layers. For example, when you roll the mouse over the window, the
        Status Bar indicates the position of the cursor relative to the
        window.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <note>
        <title>Note:</title>

        <para>Vector drawing software uses standard notation to refer to
        shapes such as simple lines, rectangles and complicated shapes as
        objects.</para>
      </note>

      <formalpara>
        <title>Creating and Saving Objects</title>

        <para>Creating a new object in Inkscape requires extensive use of the
        Drawing toolbar. However, the options in this toolbar help you to
        create basic shapes. To create complex objects, you need to further
        edit, combine and manipulate these shapes.</para>
      </formalpara>

      <procedure>
        <title>To create an object by using the Drawing toolbar:</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Click the object button associated with the shape you want to
          draw. Point anywhere in the page where you want to start drawing the
          object.</para>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Drag the cursor to the desired size of the object. The object
          is displayed in the page.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Drawing an Object</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_038.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <para>The Tools Control Bar displays options to create the object.
          For example, if you are creating a rectangle, the toolbar provides
          the option to specify the height and the width of the
          rectangle.</para>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>After creating the shape, click <emphasis role="strong">Save</emphasis> on the Command Bar. The <emphasis role="strong">Select file to Save to</emphasis> dialogue box is
          displayed. Type the name of the file in the <emphasis role="strong">Name</emphasis> text box, specify the location where
          you want to save the file and click <emphasis role="strong">Save</emphasis>.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Saving an Object</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_039.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>Inkscape saves images as vector graphics. You can resize a
            vector image without affecting the resolution of the image.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Using a Scanner</title>

    <para>Scanning an object in Ubuntu is simple. If you have a USB scanner,
    plug the scanner directly into your computer. Most plug-and-play devices
    are compatible with Ubuntu, if however, the computer fails to detect the
    scanner, you will need to check its compatibility with Ubuntu.</para>

    <sect2>
      <title>Checking Scanner Compatibility</title>

      <para>You can check the compatibility of your scanner with Ubuntu in one
      of two ways: <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>Visit this Web site for the list of scanners and
            drivers compatible with Ubuntu: <ulink
            url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsScanners">https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsScanners</ulink>.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Check the status of your scanner at the following Web site:
            <ulink url="http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html">http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html</ulink>. This site
            lists the drivers distributed with sane-backends-1.0.18 and
            supported hardware and software.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2>
      <title>Scanning an Image</title>

      <para>You can scan an image by using the scanner interface or the
      scanning application XSane, which is available in Ubuntu.</para>

      <procedure>
        <title>To scan an image by using XSane:</title>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to <emphasis role="strong">Graphics</emphasis> and click
          <emphasis role="strong">XSane Image Scanner</emphasis>. XSane
          automatically searches for a scanner attached to the computer. After
          your computer detects the scanner, the <emphasis role="strong">XSane
          Options</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed.</para>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>The <emphasis role="strong">XSane Options</emphasis> dialogue
          box provides options to modify the default settings of the output.
          You can specify the number of copies to be scanned, the name of the
          output file, the output file type, and colour and contrast options.
          After you specify the properties of the output file, place the
          object on the scanner and click Scan to begin scanning the
          object.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Using XSane</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_040.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>After the object is scanned, a viewer window displays the
          output.</para>

          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing Scanned Output</title>

            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson08_images_041.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>

          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>

            <para>Before beginning the scanning operation, check the
            compatibility of your scanner with Ubuntu. Sometimes, Ubuntu
            detects the scanner as hardware but fails to scan if the required
            driver is missing.</para>
          </note>
        </step>

        <step performance="required">
          <para>Continue to scan other images or close the <emphasis role="strong">XSane Options</emphasis> dialogue box to exit the
          application.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Lesson Summary</title>

    <para>In this lesson, you learned how to: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>View and organise your photo collection by using the default
          Ubuntu graphic applications:</para>

          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>The <emphasis role="strong">gThumb Image
              Viewer</emphasis> enables you to import pictures, create a photo
              CD, display photos as a slide show and create albums of your
              photo collection for the Web.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <formalpara>
                <title>F-Spot</title>

                <para>enables you to tag, categorize and export your images to
                the Web.</para>
              </formalpara>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Use GIMP for advanced image manipulation and creation.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Create graphics in the SVG format by using the Inkscape vector
          graphics editor.</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Scan your images and save them in various formats by using
          XSane Image Scanner.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 role="questions">
    <title>Review Exercise</title>

    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Which of the default graphics applications provides the option
          to display only a category of images from a randomly stored pool of
          images? (Choose two).</para>

          <para>a) Inkscape</para>

          <para>b) gThumb</para>

          <para>c) F-Spot</para>

          <para>d) Xsane</para>

          <para>e) GIMP</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>b) gThumb and c) F-Spot</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Which default graphics application in Ubuntu facilitates photo
          sharing over the Internet?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The F-Spot Photo Manager</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Is there any additional software required to import images
          from a digital camera?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>No, Ubuntu automatically identifies plug-and-play devices.
          F-Spot or gThumb identify the connected device and enable you to
          import images directly from the application interface.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect1>

  <sect1>
    <title>Lab Exercise</title>

    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 1: Creating a Web Album by using gThumb</title>

      <para>You have just returned from a vacation with your friends. You
      decide to write about this experience on your blog and post some
      photographs of the trip. However, uploading images one by one to the Web
      site involves a lot of effort and time. You want to find a more
      convenient way to do this.</para>
    </formalpara>

    <procedure>
      <title>To perform the required task:</title>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Launch <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Desktop/Images</emphasis> window is displayed.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Images</emphasis> on the left
        navigation bar and navigate to the folder in which the images are
        stored. Click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>. The workspace
        displays all the images available in the folder.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the images you want to include in the Web album.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Tools</emphasis> menu, click
        <emphasis role="strong">Create Web Album</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Web Album</emphasis> window <emphasis role="strong">is</emphasis> displayed.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Web Album</emphasis> window, enter
        the required information, including the destination folder, the index
        file, the index page layout and the album style. Click <emphasis role="strong">Save</emphasis>.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>The gThumb software creates the album and saves it at the
        specified location. Now, you can upload the Web album to a Web
        server.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 2: Exporting Images to the Web by using F-Spot</title>

      <para>You now want to share the photographs you uploaded only with
      friends. You also want to retain the photographs for a longer period
      than is typically permitted by Web hosting sites. How can you do
      this?</para>
    </formalpara>

    <procedure>
      <title>To perform the required task:</title>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Launch <emphasis role="strong">F-Spot</emphasis>.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> button on the
        toolbar. The <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue box is
        displayed.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue box,
        click <emphasis role="strong">Select Folder</emphasis> from the
        <emphasis role="strong">Import Source</emphasis> box. Navigate to the
        source folder and click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>. The
        images are displayed.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> in the <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the images you want to export.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, point to
        <emphasis role="strong">Export</emphasis> and click the
        destination.</para>

        <note>
          <title>Note:</title>

          <para>To export images to the Web, you need to have an active
          account with the target Web site.</para>
        </note>
      </step>
    </procedure>

    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 3: Removing Red Eye from an Image</title>

      <para>You took photographs at your recent birthday party but some of the
      people have red eye marks which need to be removed.</para>
    </formalpara>

    <procedure>
      <title>To perform the required task:</title>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Launch <emphasis role="strong">gThumb</emphasis> and import the
        affected images.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Double-click an image with a red eye mark.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Image</emphasis> menu, click
        <emphasis role="strong">Redeye Removal</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Red-Eye Removal</emphasis> dialogue box is
        displayed.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Red-Eye
        Removal</emphasis> dialogue box, click on or near the red eye. This
        replaces the red eye with black colour.</para>
      </step>

      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Undo</emphasis> if you are not
        happy with the result. Save the edited version of the image.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
  </sect1>
</chapter>