~gumara/ubuntu-desktop-course/ubuntu-desktop-course-th-gumara

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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://docbook.org/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd">
<chapter>
  <title>Playing Music and Videos</title>
  <formalpara>
    <title>Objectives</title>
    <para>In this lesson, you will learn to: 
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Play, edit and organize music and video files.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <note userlevel="instructor">
      <title>Instructor Notes:</title>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">It is recommended to cover all the
        topics in this lesson. However,if you fall short of time
        then cover only the following topics:</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">Legal Restrictions</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">Playing Audio Files</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">Using an iPod</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">Viewing DVDs</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="italic">Playing Online Media</emphasis>
      </para>
    </note></para>
  </formalpara>
  <sect1>
    <title>Legal Restrictions</title>
    <para>Ubuntu fully supports playback of music, videos and DVDs
    available in free and unrestricted formats. A number of
    multimedia formats are restricted by licenses and software
    patents in some jurisdictions. Ubuntu does not offer
    out-of-the-box support for these formats. It is possible to
    enable playing the proprietary formats in Ubuntu, you must do
    so after considering the patent and copyright restrictions
    guiding the use of the proprietary file formats.</para>
    <para>The license of the format is different from the license
    of the content itself. For example a video's content can be
    licensed under a Creative Commons license, and be available as
    MPEG file. While the content can be distributed freely, the
    format is proprietary and a software for playback may need to
    be licensed in some jurisdictions.</para>
    <para>To understand the legal issues associated with the use of
    proprietary formats, you need to first grasp the difference
    between free and non-free or proprietary formats.</para>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Playing Music Files</title>
    <para>Ubuntu comes with the Rhythmbox Music Player to play and
    organise music files. Similar to iTunes in its interface, this
    music player is a free software application designed to work in
    the GNOME desktop environment. Using Rhythmbox, you can play
    your music files, listen to Internet radio, import music from
    CDs and organise your music files. Rhythmbox offers
    comprehensive audio support for a large number of audio formats
    and contains various useful features that make playing music
    easy and enjoyable.</para>
    <note userlevel="instructor">
      <title>Instructor Notes:</title>
      <para>You must demonstrate and let the students play fully
      with at least 1 music, 1 DVD playback and 1 audio
      recording.</para>
    </note>
    <sect2>
      <title>Playing Music using Rhythmbox</title>
      <procedure>
        <title>To play music using Rhythmbox:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Application</emphasis> menu, point
          to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Rhythmbox Music
          Player</emphasis>. A welcome screen is displayed.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Rhythmbox</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_001.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The main window of the Rhythmbox Music Player
          opens. Now, you will be able to organise your favourite
          music using this window.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Rhythmbox Music Player</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_002.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>To start playing music in Rhythmbox, you need to
          first select the music source from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> list. By default
          
          <emphasis role="strong">Library</emphasis> is selected as
          the source when you open Rhythmbox for the first
          time.</para>
          <para>Library is the main source available in Rhythmbox.
          You can import all your music files into the Rhythmbox
          library and can start playing immediately. You also use
          the music files in your library to create smart
          customised playlists and play-queues. To start importing
          individual music files, right-click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Library</emphasis> and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Import File</emphasis>. It
          displays the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Import File into
          Library</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Importing Music Files</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_003.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Import File into
          Library</emphasis> dialogue box, navigate to the folder
          from which you want to import the files. Select the files
          that you want to import and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the Files to Import</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_004.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <tip>
            <title>Nice to Know:</title>
            <para>While importing music files from your music
            collection, Rhythmbox also imports the metadata tags
            associated with the files. These tags are used by
            Rhythmbox to categorise the music files by genre,
            artist, album, title, and track number.</para>
          </tip>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The selected music files are imported into the
          library and displayed in the the Rhythmbox window. You
          will notice that the main Rhythmbox window is split into
          various panes. Each pane displays different details about
          your music collection. To play music from the library,
          you can use the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Artist, Album</emphasis> and 
          <emphasis role="strong">Track</emphasis> panes to select
          the music tracks that you want to play and then use the
          playback controls to start playing the music tracks.
          Click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to start
          playing the selected track.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Rhythmbox Window</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_005.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>If you click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button without
          selecting any track, Rhythmbox will start playing the
          first track from your current view. You can use the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Shuffle</emphasis> button to play
          tracks randomly. You can also create a play list by
          right-clicking a music track and selecting 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add to Playlist</emphasis>. To
          stop or pause a track, click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button
          again.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Creating New Playlist</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_006.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Rhythmbox offers many additional useful features in
          the form of various plugins. Some of these plugins are
          not turned on by default. To access these plugins, on the
          
          <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Plugins.</emphasis> The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Configure
          Plugins</emphasis> dialogue box opens.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Accessing Plugins</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_007.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can view all the available plugins in the left
          pane of the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Configure
          Plugins</emphasis> dialogue box. Selecting a plugin
          displays its details in the right pane of the dialogue
          box.</para>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Depending on your requirements and preferences, you
          can activate these plugins to get extra functionality in
          your Rhythmbox. For example, activating 
          <emphasis role="strong">Magnatune Store</emphasis> plugin
          enables iTunes-style song previews and paid downloads.
          Activating 
          <emphasis role="strong">Visualization</emphasis> renders a
          real-time visualization of the music on the screen while
          you listen to a song track. Similarly, if you want to
          automatically retrieve the lyrics of the song being
          played, activate 
          <emphasis role="strong">Song Lyrics</emphasis> by
          selecting the corresponding check box and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Configure
          Plugins</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Activating Plugins</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_008.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You are returned to the main Rhythmbox interface.
          To start retrieving the song lyrics, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">View</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Song Lyrics</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Retrieving Song Lyrics</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_009.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Amazingly, Rhythmbox retrieves the song lyrics for
          you. Now, you can sing along while listening to your
          favourite song.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Song Lyrics Retrieved</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_010.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Similarly, if you wish to view animations while
          listening to a song, click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">
          Visualization</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Activating Visualisation</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_011.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can view animations while playing a
          song.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing Animations</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_012.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Rhythmbox also enables you to listen to music from
          a variety of sources, such as Internet radio stations and
          podcasts.</para>
          <para>To play music from a podcast of your choice,
          right-click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Podcast</emphasis> option in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> list and select 
          <emphasis role="strong">New Podcast
          Feed</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Adding New Podcast Feed</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_013.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>
            <para>Podcasts are audio shows broadcast over the
            Internet that you can subscribe to. Subscribing to a
            podcast enables you to download each new audio release
            from the subscribed podcast source.</para>
          </note>
          <note userlevel="instructor">
            <title>Instructor Notes:</title>
            <para>If the students want to know more about podcasts,
            advise them to read the Wikipedia article on
            podcasting: 
            <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting</ulink>.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Enter the podcast feed URL in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">New Podcast Feed</emphasis> text
          box and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Entering Podcast Feed URL</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_014.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Rhythmbox automatically looks for the latest
          podcasts and downloads them for you. To play a podcast
          episode, select the episode that you want to play and
          click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing a Podcast</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_015.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Rhythmbox also allows you to listen to radio
          streamed from Internet radio stations across the world.
          To listen to Internet radio, click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Radio</emphasis> source in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> pane.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing Internet Radio</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_016.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>By default the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Radio</emphasis> source lists
          several radio stations, each of them broadcasting a
          different genre of music. Double-click on the radio
          station of your choice to listen to the streaming
          media.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Listening to a Radio Station</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_017.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <note userlevel="instructor">
            <title>Instructor Notes:</title>
            <para>Advise students to read the Wikipedia article on
            Internet Radio if they want more background information:
            <ulink
            url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radio">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radio</ulink>.</para>
          </note>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can also add a new radio station to the
          existing list by clicking 
          <emphasis role="strong">New Internet Radio
          Station</emphasis> and pasting the URL of the new radio
          station in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">URL of Internet radio
          station</emphasis> text box. Click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to add the radio
          station in the existing list.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Adding New Radio Station</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_018.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can add many more Internet radio stations in
          the same way and listen to your favourite radio stations
          with just a click of your mouse.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Playing and Extracting Audio CDs</title>
    <para>Sound Juicer is the default application available in
    Ubuntu for playing and extracting audio compact discs (CDs). It
    is an easy-to-use CD player and ripping tool that requires
    minimal user intervention in playing and extracting audio CDs.
    Using Sound Juicer, you can play audio tracks directly from the
    CD and extract audio tracks and convert them into audio files.
    Sound Juicer allows you to extract audio files into the
    following three formats: 
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Ogg Vorbis: Ogg vorbis is a free, unpatented and open
        source alternative to the proprietary MP3 format. Like the
        MP3 format, it discards parts of the sound that humans
        cannot normally hear. An Ogg Vorbis file is typically a
        tenth of the size of a WAV format file containing the same
        content.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>FLAC: FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec. It
        is an unpatented, open source audio format. Unlike MP3 or
        Ogg Vorbis, FLAC compresses audio without discarding any
        information. A FLAC file is typically half the size of a
        WAV file containing the same content.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>WAV: WAV is short for Waveform Audio Format. It is an
        uncompressed format typically used for short snippets of
        sound and voice recordings.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist></para>
    <note>
      <title>Note:</title>
      <para>To know more about Ogg Vorbis and FLAC audio format,
      visit the following Web sites: 
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <ulink url="http://www.vorbis.com/faq/">http://www.vorbis.com/faq/</ulink>
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <ulink url="http://flac.sourceforge.net/">http://flac.sourceforge.net/</ulink>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
    </note>
    <sect2>
      <title>Playing Audio CDs</title>
      <procedure>
        <title>To play audio CDs using Sound Juicer</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Insert an audio CD in the CD drive of your
          computer. The Sound Juicer CD player and ripper is
          launched automatically. To start Sound Juicer manually.
          On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer CD
          Extractor</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Sound Juicer</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_019.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Sound Juicer's main interface is displayed. When
          Sound Juicer detects a CD, it examines the CD and tries
          to search the Internet to locate information about the
          CD's content. If you are connected to the Internet, Sound
          Juicer will retrieve the CD artist, title, and track data
          from MusicBrainz.org.</para>
          <para>To play all the tracks sequentially, you can simply
          click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
          <note>
            <title>Note:</title>
            <para>MusicBrainz.org is a community-maintained online
            database, which contains data on over 360,000 published
            albums.</para>
          </note>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing Audio CD</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_020.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <para>Notice that Sound Juicer has fetched the track
          information from MusicBrainz.org. In the upper part of
          the Sound Juicer window, you can see the basic
          information about the disc, including title, artist,
          genre and total duration. The lower part of the window
          displays a list of tracks, each with its full title,
          artist and duration.</para>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>To play only the tracks of your choice, select the
          particular tracks by selecting the corresponding
          checkboxes and then click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the Song tracks</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_021.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can now enjoy listening to your favourite music
          tracks.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing the Selected Tracks</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_022.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
    <sect2>
      <title>Extracting Audio CDs</title>
      <para>If you want to listen to your favourite music tracks
      without needing to insert a CD every time, you can create a
      copy of the CD and extract the music tracks on your
      computer.</para>
      <procedure>
        <title>To extract the audio CD:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Insert the audio CD and click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Extract</emphasis> button.
          However, if you want to define the audio quality, format
          and the location where the files would be stored, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu. This
          displays the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
          box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Defining Preferences For Audio Files</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_023.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can use the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
          box to define a number of things such as how the folder
          hierarchy should be saved, how the files should be named
          and whether to eject the CD automatically after the
          tracks are extracted.</para>
          <para>In the last section of the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
          box, you can define the file format in which the tracks
          would be stored on your computer. Based on your
          requirements, select any one format from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Output Format</emphasis> drop-down
          list.</para>
          <tip>
            <title>Nice to Know:</title>
            <para>You can also extract CD audio files to the
            proprietary, non-free MP3 format. Instructions for
            extracting audio files into the MP3 format can be found
            in the help for Sound Juicer. Go to 
            <emphasis role="strong">Help&gt;Content</emphasis> and
            then navigate to the Preferences section.</para>
          </tip>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Specifying Audio Format</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_024.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Each of these file format has its own customisable
          profile. Depending on the type of the music track and the
          destination where it has to be stored, you may need to
          customise these file formats. Click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Edit Profiles</emphasis> button,
          then select the desired profile and click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> button to edit the
          profile of the selected file format according to your
          needs.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Editing Audio Profile</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_025.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Editing
          profile</emphasis> dialogue box for the selected audio
          profile is displayed. You can edit the audio profile
          according to your requirements and the click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Customising Audio Profile</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_026.png" width="7cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can also use the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
          box to define the location where you want the audio files
          to be stored on your computer. By default, Sound Juicer
          stores the audio files in the Home directory. To define a
          location of your choice, select a directory from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Music Folder</emphasis> drop-down
          list and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
          box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Specifying Audio File Location</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_027.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>After configuring your preferences, you can go
          ahead and start extracting all the tracks by clicking the
          
          <emphasis role="strong">Extract</emphasis> button.
          However, if you want to exclude some tracks, deselect
          them by clearing the corresponding check boxes.</para>
          <para>Depending on the speed of your computer, the
          extracting process can take a long time. You can watch
          the total progress of the process in the lower left
          section of the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound
          Juicer</emphasis> window.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Extracting Song Tracks</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_028.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Sound Juicer notifies you after the selected tracks
          are extracted successfully. Click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to view the tracks
          copied on your hard disk.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing Copied Tracks</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_029.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The CD audio tracks are now copied as audio files
          on your hard disk. You can listen to these tracks by
          simply double-clicking them.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Copied Tracks</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_030.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Burning Audio CDs</title>
    <para>Besides copying audio tracks from a CD to your computer,
    Ubuntu also enables you to copy music files from your computer
    onto a CD. Serpentine is the audio CD burner application that
    comes bundled with Ubuntu, by default. It is an easy-to-use but
    very powerful CD audio recording application.</para>
    <procedure>
      <title>To burn an audio CD using Serpentine:</title>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Insert a blank (recordable) CD in the CD drive of
        your computer. You will receive a notification asking
        whether you want to burn a data CD or an audio CD. When you
        click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Make Audio CD</emphasis> button,
        Serpentine will be launched automatically.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Auto-launching Serpentine</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_031.png" width="5cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Alternatively, you can launch Serpentine through the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu. To
        launch Serpentine manually, on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu, point
        to 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
        then click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Audio CD
        Creator</emphasis>. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> window is
        displayed.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Launching Serpentine</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_032.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Window</emphasis> displays the disc usage of the inserted
        disc graphically as well as in words. You can now click the
        
        <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> button to start
        adding the tracks that you want to be copied to the disk.
        However, if you want to change the default configuration
        settings for Serpentine before burning the audio CD, open
        the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box by clicking 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Displaying Configuration Settings</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_033.png" width="8cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You can use the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Preferences</emphasis> window to specify the writing speed
        for burning CD and to define some writing options such as
        whether to insert two seconds gap between two tracks or to
        eject the CD after recording is complete. After defining
        your preferences, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to apply the
        changes and exit the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Preferences</emphasis> window.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Customising Preferences</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_034.png" width="9cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Now you need to specify the files that you want to be
        copied on the inserted CD. To start specifying the desired
        audio files, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis>. This opens a
        browser window. In the browser window, navigate to the
        desired folder and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to display its
        contents.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Specifying Audio Files to Copy</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_035.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the specific audio files that you want to be
        copied and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>. You are returned
        to the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> window.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Selecting the Files to Copy</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_036.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The selected files now appear in the Serpentine
        window. You can also view the estimated disc usage once
        these files are written to the disc. Based on this data,
        you may decide to add or delete some files from your
        current selection. Once you are sure of the files to be
        copied to the disc, click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> button to
        start writing the audio files from your computer to the
        CD.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Writing Audio Files to Disc</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_037.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You are asked to confirm your decision to record a
        media disc. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> to
        continue.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Confirming the CD Writing</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_038.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Serpentine now starts writing the music files to the
        media disc. You can view the progress of the process in the
        
        <emphasis role="strong">Writing Audio
        Disc</emphasis> dialogue box. This process may take some
        time depending on the size of the files to be written to
        disc. Once the process is complete, you get a new CD
        containing all your favourite songs.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Writing Audio CD</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_039.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
    </procedure>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Playing Proprietary Multimedia Formats</title>
    <para>As previously stated, due to the legal restrictions
    associated with the use of proprietary formats, Ubuntu does not
    offer support for such formats by default. If you wish to play
    such proprietary formats, you will need to install additional
    multimedia codecs. A multimedia codec is a small piece of
    software that allows you to watch videos or listen to music of
    a specific format. Although Ubuntu includes many codecs by
    default, you may need to install more because there are many
    different multimedia formats and it is unrealistic to provide
    them all.</para>
    <para>Playback of multimedia files in Ubuntu is handled by the
    Gstreamer multimedia framework. GStreamer by itself does not
    provide any multimedia codecs, it relies on codecs that have
    been packaged into a 
    <emphasis role="strong">plugin</emphasis> that it uses to
    perform the actual recording and playback. Typical plugins are:
    
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist></para>
    <note>
      <title>Note:</title>
      <para>To know more about which Gstreamer package contains
      which plugins, visit the following Web site: 
      <ulink url="http://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins.html">http://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins.html</ulink>.</para>
    </note>
    <para>Other applications, such as VLC, MPlayer and Xine, do not
    use the Gstreamer framework.</para>
    <para>You can use the Synaptic Package Manager, or the Command
    Line Interface (CLI) to install these multimedia codecs
    available in the repositories.</para>
    <tip>
      <title>Nice to Know:</title>
      <para>Codecs can be installed directly from the Movie Player.
      When Movie Player recognizes a format it cannot play, it
      checks if a Gstreamer plugin is available for this format. If
      it finds one, you can install the codec easily without
      following the lengthy solution presented below.</para>
    </tip>
    <procedure>
      <title>To install a codec plugin using Synaptic Package
      Manager:</title>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the 
        <emphasis role="strong">System</emphasis> menu, point to 
        <emphasis role="strong">Administration</emphasis> and then
        click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package
        Manager</emphasis>. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package
        Manager</emphasis> window opens.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Launching Synaptic Package Manager</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_040.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Multiverse</emphasis> and 
        <emphasis role="strong">Restricted</emphasis> repositories
        are not activated by default in Ubuntu. To install the
        additional multimedia codecs, you need to first activate
        these repositories. On the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Settings</emphasis> menu, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Repositories</emphasis>. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Software</emphasis>
        <emphasis role="strong">Sources</emphasis> dialogue box is
        displayed.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Displaying Software Sources</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_041.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To enable the Multiverse and Restricted repositories,
        select the third and fourth check boxes available on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu Software</emphasis> tabbed
        page, and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the
        dialogue box.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Enabling Repositories</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_042.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You may receive a notification that your repository
        information has changed. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit this
        message.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Repositories Information Notification</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_043.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Once you return to the Synaptic Package Manager
        window, you are required to click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button to apply
        your changes.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Applying Changes</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_044.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>On clicking the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button, the system
        starts checking the repositories for new, removed or
        upgraded software packages.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Checking Package Information</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_045.png" width="5cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>After the Multiverse and Restricted repositories are
        added in the Ubuntu software sources, you can download and
        install additional multimedia codecs. To install a software
        package, you need to first locate the package in the
        Synaptic Package Manager window. You can either search for
        a specific software package manually or run a search using
        the search utility provided in the Synaptic Package
        Manager. To initiate a search for a specific package, click
        
        <emphasis role="strong">Search.</emphasis></para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Initiating Software Search</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_046.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> field, enter the
        name of the software package that you are looking for.
        Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> to begin the
        search.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Searching a Software Package</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_047.png" width="7cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The search results are displayed in the right pane of
        the Synaptic package Manager window. Right-click the
        package to be installed and select 
        <emphasis role="strong">Mark for
        Installation</emphasis>.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Marking Packages for Installation</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_048.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You can mark multiple packages for installation by
        following the same procedure. Once all the required
        packages are marked, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> to start
        downloading the packages. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box is
        displayed.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Initiating Package Download</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_049.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box
        allows you to take a last look at all the software packages
        that you have marked for installation. To go ahead with the
        marked installations, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Apply.</emphasis></para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Conforming Package Installation</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_050.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>After all the marked software packages are downloaded
        and installed, the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue
        box is displayed. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue
        box.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Changes Applied Notification</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_051.png" width="7cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The check box corresponding to the recently installed
        software package has changed to green, indicating that the
        software has been installed successfully. You can repeat
        the same procedure to install all the multimedia codecs
        required for playing proprietary multimedia formats.</para>
        <figure float="0">
          <title>Software Successfully Installed</title>
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_052.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
        </figure>
      </step>
    </procedure>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Using an iPod</title>
    <para>The iPod is a popular portable media player, designed and
    marketed by Apple. You can play music in MP3 and AAC (Advanced
    Audio Coding) audio file formats and store up to ten thousand
    songs on the device itself. The iPod does not support free
    multimedia formats.</para>
    <sect2>
      <title>Playing Music Using an iPod</title>
      <procedure>
        <title>To play music using iPod:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Plug your iPod into one of your computer's USB
          ports. Ubuntu automatically mounts it and places it as an
          icon on your desktop. Simultaneously, the iPod device
          opens in the Rhythmbox Music Player window. You can view
          all the files loaded on your iPod device in the lower
          right pane of the Rhythmbox window. To play a music track
          from your iPod, just select the track from the list and
          click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Plugging in an iPod</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_053.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The song starts playing in the Rhythmbox Music
          Player. However, if the format of the music file is not
          supported by the Rhythmbox Music Player, you may not be
          able to play the file and you will receive an error
          message. In this case, you will need to follow the
          procedure described in the previous section to download
          all the necessary software codecs from the Ubuntu
          repositories.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing Music from iPod</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_054.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Ubuntu also allows you to transfer music files to
          and from the iPod device. However, this is not possible
          using Rhythmbox. You will need to install the 
          <emphasis role="strong">gtkpod</emphasis> software to be
          able to transfer music file between your computer and the
          iPod device. You can easily download this software from
          the Universe repository using the Synaptic Package
          Manager.</para>
          <para>To access gtkpod, after it is successfully
          installed on your computer, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">gtkpod</emphasis>. The 
          <emphasis role="strong">gtkpod</emphasis> window
          opens.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching gtkpod</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_055.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can view all the music files stored on the iPod
          device in this gtkpod window. Notice that in the gtkpod
          interface, your music files have automatically been
          categorised based on artists, album and genre. This
          categorisation helps you quickly browse through your
          collection and select.</para>
          <para>You can use the gtkpod interface to manage the
          files on your iPod in multiple ways. You can create and
          edit playlists, normalize the volume on single tracks or
          multiple tracks at a time. You can also use the gtkpod
          interface to add more files in your iPod or transfer
          files from your iPod onto your computer. To add files
          from your computer to your iPod device, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Files</emphasis>. This displays
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add Files to 'device
          name'</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Using gtkpod to transfer files to iPod</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_056.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add Files to 'device
          name'</emphasis> dialogue box, navigate down to the folder
          from which you want to add the files to your iPod.
          Depending on your preferences you may either add a single
          file at a time or an entire directory. Select the tracks
          that you want added and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open.</emphasis></para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the Files to Transfer</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_057.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Gtkpod starts adding the files to your iPod. When
          the process is complete a message "Successfully added
          files" is quickly flashed at the bottom of the gtkpod
          window. You can also view the recently added files in the
          bottom pane of the gtkpod window.</para>
          <para>You can repeat the aforementioned steps to add more
          files from different folders. After you have added all
          the required files to your iPod, click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Save Changes</emphasis> button to
          load and save the files.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Updating the iPod</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_058.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>When you are done updating your iPod and want to
          disconnect it, close down the Rhythmbox window.
          Right-click the iPod icon on the desktop and then select 
          <emphasis role="strong">Eject</emphasis>. Now you can
          safely remove your iPod from the computer.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Creating and Editing Audio Files</title>
    <para>Ubuntu provides you with various tools to create your own
    music and audio files. The default application available in
    Ubuntu for creation of audio files is the GNOME Sound Recorder.
    Similarly, you can also edit audio files using Audacity.</para>
    <sect2>
      <title>Creating Audio Files</title>
      <para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to create new audio
      files using an input device such as a microphone. GNOME Sound
      Recorder is the default application available in Ubuntu for
      creating audio files.</para>
      <procedure>
        <title>To start recording audio using GNOME Sound
        Recorder:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound Recorder</emphasis>.
          Alternatively, you can just press 
          <emphasis role="strong">ALT+F2</emphasis>, type 
          <emphasis role="strong">
          GNOME-sound-recorder</emphasis> and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Run.</emphasis> The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound Recorder</emphasis> is
          launched.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Sound Recorder</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_059.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The Sound Recorder allows you to record and play
          .flac, .ogg, and .wav audio files. To start a recording
          session, you need to select an input device, such as a
          microphone, phone or line-in, from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Record from
          input</emphasis> drop-down list. You can also select the
          audio quality from the Record as drop-down list.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the Input Device</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_060.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Before starting the recording, it is advisable to
          configure the volume control settings to derive quality
          audio output. To access the volume controls, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open Volume
          Control</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Accessing Volume Controls</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_061.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You use the slider buttons on the tracks to set the
          volume control for all the audio input and output
          devices. To further specify your volume preferences,
          click Preferences on the Edit menu. This opens the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Volume Control
          Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Displaying Volume Preferences</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_062.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Volume Control
          Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box allows you refine the
          sound settings by selecting or clearing the various
          options. Click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> button to exit
          this dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Configuring Sound Settings</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_063.png" width="6cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <para>You are returned to the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound Recorder</emphasis> window.
          Now, you can start recording the audio from the selected
          input device by clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Record</emphasis> button. The
          recording starts.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Recording Sound</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_064.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>After the recording is complete, you can play the
          recorded sound file by clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button. The
          progress indicator moves along the progress bar as the
          sound file is playing. You can also view the duration of
          the recorded file in minutes and seconds under the 
          <emphasis role="strong">File
          information</emphasis> section.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing Recorded Sound File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_065.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
    <sect2>
      <title>Editing Audio Files</title>
      <para>You can use Audacity for editing audio files. However,
      Audacity is not included in the default installation of
      Ubuntu. But it is a free and open source software
      application, which can be installed easily from the Universe
      repository of Ubuntu. Therefore, you will first need to
      install Audacity using either the Add/Remove Applications or
      the Synaptic Package Manger.</para>
      <procedure>
        <title>To edit audio files using Audacity:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Audacity Sound
          Editor</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Audacity</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_066.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>When you access Audacity for the first time, it
          will ask you to select a language to use with the
          application. Apart from English, Audacity provides
          language support for more than 30 languages, including
          Arabic, Bulgarian, catalan, Czech, Danish, Finnish and
          many more. Select the language of your preference from
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Choose Language for Audacity to
          use</emphasis> drop-down list and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting Language for Audacity</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_067.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The Audacity main interface window is displayed.
          You can use the various controls and tools available on
          this window to play, create and edit audio files.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Audacity Window</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_068.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can now start editing an existing audio file in
          Audacity. To do so, you need to first import the audio
          file into Audacity. To import an audio file, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> and then select 
          <emphasis role="strong">Audio</emphasis>. The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Select one or more audio
          files</emphasis> dialogue box opens.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Importing Audio Files into Audacity</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_069.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Select the audio file that you want to edit and
          click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to open the file
          in Audacity.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the Files to Import</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_070.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The selected audio file opens in the Audacity
          interface. The audio file is represented as the blue
          waves in the lower part of the Audacity window. Now you
          can perform a whole range of tasks on this file.You can
          cut off some unwanted portion of the imported audio file,
          insert silence at some point, can add various audio
          effects on different sections of the file and may even
          export the file into an altogether different file
          format.</para>
          <para>In addition, Audacity also allows you to play an
          audio file. Click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to start
          playing the audio file.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing the Imported File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_071.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The audio file starts playing in the Audacity audio
          editor. You can use the various tools available with
          Audacity to start editing the current audio file:</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Magnifying tool: If you find that due to the
              length of the current file, you are unable to view
              the portions that you want to edit, you can use the
              Magnifying tool. This will let you zoom in on a
              specific area.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Envelop tool: This enables you to change the
              volume of specific selections of the sound
              file.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Time Shift tool: Allows you to move the entire
              sound file in relation to time; helpful when you are
              working with multiple tracks.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Selection tool: Enables you to highlight
              portions of the sound file on which you want to
              work.</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>To start editing a specific portion of the sound
          file, activate the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Selection</emphasis> tool by
          clicking it.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Picking the Selection Tool</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_072.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Select the area you wish to edit by dragging across
          the area while pressing the left mouse button. The
          selected area appears in a shade of darker gray.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting Audio Portion to Edit</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_073.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can now cut the area if you wish to remove this
          part of the audio file otherwise, edit this portion by
          applying various sound effects to it. The Effect menu
          contains all the digital audio effects that you can apply
          on an audio file. Some of these are:</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Amplify - Increases or decreases volume without
              altering sound quality</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>BassBoost - Increases the volume of a specific
              frequency.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Echo - Allows you to add an echo specify the
              delay time.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Fade in - Fades from silence to the present
              volume</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Fade out - Fades from present volume to
              silence</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Invert - Flips the audio samples upside
              down</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Noise Removal-Allows you to remove background
              noise</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Reverse - Allows you to play the selection
              backward</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>To increase the volume of the selected portion, on
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Effect</emphasis> menu, select 
          <emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis>. The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis> window
          opens.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Applying Sound Effects</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_074.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis> window, you can
          use the slide bar to increase or decrease the
          amplification. Click OK to apply the effect to the
          selected portion of the audio.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Amplifying the Audio Clip</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_075.png" width="13cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Notice that the blue waves in the selected area
          have changed. You can now listen to the changed audio by
          clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Verifying the Edit Effects</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_076.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>After you are satisfied with all the edit effects,
          you can save the edited audio file. Because the default
          audio format of Audacity is not readily supported by many
          applications you should save the file in a more popular
          audio format, such as Ogg Vorbis or MP3.</para>
          <para>To save the file in a different file format, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Export</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Exporting Audio File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_077.png" width="10cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Export File</emphasis> dialogue
          box, select the folder where you want to save the file.
          Then, select the desired file format from the drop-down
          list and then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Save</emphasis> to export the file
          in the specified file format.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Exporting as MP3 File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_078.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Audacity starts exporting the file in the specified
          file format. This process may take up some time depending
          on the length of the audio file.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Export Progress Indicator</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_079.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <para>The audio file is exported to the specified
          location. You can now close the Audacity window and
          listen to the edited audio file whenever you wish.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Playing DVDs</title>
    <para>By default, Ubuntu is capable of playing DVDs that are
    not scrambled. Most commercial DVDs are scrambled with the
    Content Scrambling System (CSS), which attempts to restrict the
    sotware that can play a DVD. Due to legal restrictions
    surrounding the scrambled format, as well as Ubuntu's total
    commitment to free multimedia formats, some software packages
    needed for encrypted DVD playback are not installed by default
    in Ubuntu. You can install these packages from Ubuntu
    repositories to enable the playback of scrambled DVDs.</para>
    <note>
      <title>Note:</title>
      <para>It is possible that the use of some of the following
      software to play or copy DVDs is not permitted by law in some
      countries. Please clarify your rights before
      proceeding.</para>
    </note>
    <para>You may also consider downloading the following
    additional applications that are capable of playing certain
    formats by default:</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Mplayer movie player</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>VLC media player</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Xine</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Totem-xine</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>Totem-gstreamer, the default movie player included in
    Ubuntu can automatically play a DVD when it is inserted into
    the DVD drive. However, it will not provide access to the DVD
    menu. Other free software media players like VLC, mplayer and
    xine do make the DVD menu available.</para>
    <sect2>
      <title>Playing DVDs in Totem</title>
      <para>After you have installed all the required software
      packages from various Ubuntu repositories, you can play a DVD
      on your Totem movie player.</para>
      <procedure>
        <title>To play a DVD on Totem:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Insert the DVD in the DVD drive of your computer.
          This will automatically launch the Totem and the DVD will
          start playing.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Playing DVD in Totem</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_080.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>To view the DVD in full screen mode, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">View</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Fullscreen</emphasis>.
          Alternatively, you can simply press 
          <emphasis role="strong">F</emphasis> on your
          keyboard.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Enabling the Full Screen View</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_081.png" width="5cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can enjoy the DVD in full screen mode or press 
          <emphasis role="strong">ESC</emphasis> and return to the
          Totem window.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing DVD in Full Screen</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_082.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Totem also allows you to configure some settings to
          view the DVD according to your preferences. To configure
          the preferences settings, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Displaying Totem Configuration</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_083.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can use the Preferences dialogue box to define
          various display settings, such as the brightness, colour,
          hue and saturation of the display. After specifying your
          preferences, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the
          dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Customising Display Settings</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_084.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>When watching a DVD, you can use the various
          options provided in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Go</emphasis> menu to navigate
          inside the DVD. To skip to the next frame, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Go</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Skip Forwards</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Navigating Inside DVD</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_085.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You are taken to the next frame in the DVD. If you
          do not want to view the side bar when playing the DVD,
          click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sidebar</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Hiding the Sidebar</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_086.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing the DVD</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_087.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>This hides the side bar and now you can view the
          DVD on a larger space and simultaneously, have all the
          playback controls right in front of you.</para>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
    <sect2>
      <title>Backing up DVDs</title>
      <para>If you have a collection of old and not-so-easy-to-find
      DVDs, you may wish to back up these on your computer or
      create extra copies of them. You may even want to extract
      certain tracks from your DVD and watch it later. To do so,
      Ubuntu provides you with a number of DVD backup applications
      or DVD rippers. Although these applications are not included
      in Ubuntu by default, you can download and install them from
      the Ubuntu repositories. Some of these applications are: 
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Thoggen</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>K9copy</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>dvd::rip</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>HandBrake</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
      <note userlevel="instructor">
        <title>Instructor Notes:</title>
        <para>If the students want to know more about the above
        applications, advise them to visit the following Web pages:
        For dvd::rip- 
        <ulink url="http://www2.exit1.org/dvdrip/">http://www2.exit1.org/dvdrip/</ulink> For K9copy- 
        <ulink url="http://k9copy.sourceforge.net/">http://k9copy.sourceforge.net/</ulink> For HandBrake- 
        <ulink url="http://handbrake.m0k.org/?chapter=documentation">http://handbrake.m0k.org/?chapter=documentation</ulink>.</para>
      </note>
      <formalpara>
        <title>Backing up DVDs Using Thoggen</title>
        <para>Thoggen is a DVD backup utility for Linux, based on
        GStreamer and Gtk+. This application is designed to be
        easy-to-use. Rather than exposing the complexities of the
        DVD ripping process, which many other applications tend to
        do, it tries to simplify the process for average users by
        offering sensible default options.</para>
      </formalpara>
      <para>Thoggen includes certain key features: 
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is easy to use and has a nice graphical user
          interface (GUI)</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Supports title preview, picture cropping, and
          picture resizing</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Provides language Selection for audio track</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Encodes into Ogg/Theora video</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Can encode from local directory with video DVD
          files</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is based on the GStreamer multimedia framework,
          which makes it fairly easy to add additional encoding
          formats/codecs in future.</para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
      <note>
        <title>Note:</title>
        <para>Thoggen is still beta software, but should work fine
        nevertheless. It is advisable, however, to check the list
        of known issues at 
        <ulink url="http://thoggen.net/download/">http://thoggen.net/download/</ulink>.</para>
      </note>
      <para>To be able to back up your DVD using Thoggen, you need
      to first install it. You can easily find this application in
      the Universe repository of Synaptic Package Manager and
      install it on your computer.</para>
      <figure float="0">
        <title>Installing Thoggen</title>
        <mediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_088.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
          </imageobject>
        </mediaobject>
      </figure>
      <procedure>
        <title>To start backing up your DVD using Thoggen:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Thoggen DVD
          Ripper</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Launching Thoggen</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_089.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Thoggen</emphasis> window appears.
          As a first step to backing up your DVD, it simply asks
          you to select the specific tracks on the DVD that you
          want to back up. Specify the tracks by selecting the
          corresponding check boxes and then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to proceed.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Specifying the Tracks to Back up</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_090.png" width="8cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the next step of the backing up process, you are
          allowed to view and configure some of the settings
          according to your requirements. You can select the
          picture size from the corresponding drop-down list and
          define the output crop, by clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Configure
          Cropping</emphasis> button. Otherwise, you cam simply
          click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to accept the
          default settings and continue with the process of backing
          up your DVD.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Changing Default Settings</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_091.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The DVD backing process starts immediately. You can
          view the progress of the current as well as the entire
          process in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Progress</emphasis> section of the
          Thoggen window. Thoggen takes quite long to backup a DVD.
          However, the final output is quite satisfying.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Backing up DVD</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_092.png" width="14cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Playing Online Media</title>
    <para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to directly play music and
    videos available on the Internet. You can listen and watch
    online videos and audios directly from within your browser but
    may require to install some special player for this. Your
    ability to watch or listen to online media depends on how the
    provider of the music and video has made them available.</para>
    <sect2>
      <title>Watching Videos in a Web Browser</title>
      <para>You can play many of the videos available on the
      Internet directly from within your browser. For example, You
      can watch the Google videos and the You Tube videos directly
      in your FireFox window without installing any special player
      or additional browser plugins. The following screenshot
      displays a video being played inside the Firefox
      window:</para>
      <figure float="0">
        <title>Watching Video in a Web Browser</title>
        <mediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_093.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
          </imageobject>
        </mediaobject>
      </figure>
      <para>However, depending on the format of the video that you
      want to watch, you may also require to download and install
      certain additional browser plugins. Some of the plugins
      available for the default Firefox web browser are: 
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <formalpara>
            <title>Totem Xine plugin:</title>
            <para>Install the 
            <emphasis role="strong">
            totem-xine-firefox-plugin</emphasis> package from the
            "Universe" repository.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <formalpara>
            <title>Totem gstreamer plugin:</title>
            <para>Install the 
            <emphasis role="strong">
            totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin</emphasis> package from
            the "Universe" repository.</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <formalpara>
            <title>Mplayer plugin:</title>
            <para>Install the 
            <emphasis role="strong">
            mozilla-mplayer</emphasis> package from the Universe
            repository</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <formalpara>
            <title>Flash plugin:</title>
            <para>install the 
            <emphasis role="strong">
            flashplugin-nonfree</emphasis> package from the
            "Multiverse" repository</para>
          </formalpara>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist></para>
      <para>The plugin installation process depends on the
      framework you use. If you use Totem-gstreamer, the default
      movie player included in Ubuntu, you need to install the
      totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin package. However, to enable
      playing streaming video in your browser, you need to first
      install the Microsoft Windows codec and then install the
      totem plugin.</para>
      <para>You can even install an additional mediaplayer, such as
      RealPlayer 10, to watch online video streams in Realmedia
      formats. When you have installed all the above mentioned
      plugins and codecs, you can watch RealMedia files even with
      your default media player, such as Totem. But, you may also
      want to install RealPlayer on your computer because
      RealPlayer supports streaming RealMedia files slightly better
      than other players.</para>
      <para>The RealPlayer, developed by RealNetworks, supports a
      number of audio and video codecs such as realaudio, realvideo
      10, mp3, ogg vorbis and theora, h263 and AAC. The RealPlayer
      for Linux is available in the Canonical commercial repository
      and can also be freely downloaded from the RealPlayer web
      site.</para>
      <note>
        <title>Note:</title>
        <para>RealPlayer is a proprietary software and is not
        supported by the Ubuntu community.</para>
      </note>
      <formalpara>
        <title>Installing RealPlayer</title>
        <para>As mentioned above, the realPlayer for Linux is
        available in the Canonical commercial repository. Ubuntu
        does not include this repository by default. Therefore, you
        will first need to add Canonical's commercial repository to
        your system. Once the repository is added, you can search
        for the Realplayer package and then install it on your
        computer.</para>
      </formalpara>
      <procedure>
        <title>Watching Online Videos Using RealPlayer</title>
        <para/>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can now access the realPlayer from the
          Applications menu. To access RealPlayer, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer 10</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Launching
              RealPlayer</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_094.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer Setup
          Assistant</emphasis> is displayed to guide you through the
          set up of the RealPlayer. Click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Forward</emphasis> to start the
          set up process.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Initiating RealPlayer Set
              up</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_095.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>After reviewing the release notes of the RealPlayer
          10, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Forward</emphasis> again to
          proceed.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Reviewing realPlayer Release
              Notes</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_096.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Before installing the RealPlayer application on
          your computer, you need to review the terms of the end
          user license agreement and accept it to be able to
          proceed with the setup. Click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Accept.</emphasis></para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Accepting the License
              Agreement</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_097.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You have reached the final screen of the Realplayer
          setup Assistant. Specify the provided options and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to complete the set
          up.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Completing the Set-up
              Process</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_098.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer</emphasis> window is
          displayed, indicating that the set up was successful. Now
          you can watch online streaming media in the
          RealPlayer.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">The RealPlayer
              Window</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_099.png" width="4cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>To start viewing the online video of your choice,
          launch your Firefox and paste the URL of the Web page
          from which you want to view the streaming media.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Opening the Desired Web
              Page</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_100.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the Web page, click the link to open the video
          of your choice.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Link to the
              Online Video</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_101.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You are asked to specify whether you want to open
          the linked file in RealPlayer or save it to your
          computer. To view the video as online streaming media,
          accept the default selection and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Viewing Video as Streaming
              Media</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_102.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Downloads</emphasis> dialogue box
          displays the progress of the download. After the file is
          downloaded to your temporary Internet folder, the video
          starts playing in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">
          RealPlayer</emphasis> window.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Watching Online Video in
              RealPlayer</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_103.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You can add the link to your 
          <emphasis role="strong">Favorites</emphasis> list to be
          able to view the video again without searching for it on
          the Internet. To save the video as a 
          <emphasis role="strong">Favorite,</emphasis> on the the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Favorites</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add to
          Favorite</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Saving a Video as
              Favourite</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_104.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The video is now saved as your favorite. In future,
          you can view this video directly from inside your
          RealPlayer by selecting the link from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Favorites</emphasis> menu. You can
          also play an online video directly from inside the
          RealPlayer by specifying the location of the video. To do
          so, on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open Location</emphasis>.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Viewing Online Video Directly
              from RealPlayer</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_105.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>Type the URL or the file path of the video in the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Open Location</emphasis> dialogue
          box and click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to start playing the
          online streaming video.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>
              <emphasis role="italic">Specifying Video
              Location</emphasis>
            </title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_106.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Editing Videos</title>
    <para>In addition to viewing movies and videos, Ubuntu also
    provides you tools to help you edit a video. The tools
    available with Ubuntu include:</para>
    <para>
    <emphasis role="strong">Kino:</emphasis> An advanced video
    editor, Kino captures video to disk in Raw DV and AVI format.
    It allows you to load multiple video clips, cut and paste
    portions of video, and save it to an edit decision list in SMIL
    and XML formats.</para>
    <para>
    <emphasis role="strong">Stopmotion:</emphasis> Stopmotion is a
    free application for creating stop-motion animation movies. It
    enables you to create stop-motions from pictures imported from
    a camera or from the harddrive, add sound effects and export
    the animation to different video formats such as mpeg or
    avi.</para>
    <para>
    <emphasis role="strong">Subtitle Editor:</emphasis> Subtitle
    Editor is a GTK+2 tool to edit subtitles for movies and videos.
    you can use it for creating new subtitles or to transform,
    edit, correct and refine existing subtitles. This programme
    also shows sound waves, which makes it easier to synchronise
    subtitles to voices.</para>
    <para>
    <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi Video Editor:</emphasis> Pitivi
    Video Editor is a non-linear editor, which allows you to easily
    edit audio and video projects. Using Pitivi, you can capture
    audio and video, mix, resize, cut, and apply effects to audio
    and video sources. It also allows you to save the projects in
    any format supported by the GStreamer framework.</para>
    <sect2>
      <title>Editing videos using Pitivi video editor</title>
      <para>Pitivi Video Editor is not included in Ubuntu by
      default. It is available in the Universe repository of
      Ubuntu. You can install Pitivi using Synaptic Package
      Manager.</para>
      <procedure>
        <title>To edit video using Pitivi Video Editor:</title>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>On the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
          point to 
          <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
          then click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi Video Editor</emphasis>.
          The 
          <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi vo 10.3</emphasis> window
          opens.</para>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The main Pitivi interface is divided into a number
          of panes. You can use the various buttons on the task bar
          to perform tasks such as opening, importing, adding,
          viewing and saving video clips. To edit a video clip,
          first import the clip in the Pitivi Video editor by
          clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Import
          Clips</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Pitivi Interface</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_107.png" width="11cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the Import a clip dialogue box, navigate to the
          folder from where you want to import the video clip,
          select the single or multiple clips to be edited and
          click 
          <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to import it in the
          
          <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi</emphasis> window.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Importing Video Clips in Pitivi</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_108.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The selected video clip is now imported into the
          Pitivi Video editor. You can double-click the video clip
          to view it in the right pane. Click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Stop</emphasis> button on the
          control bar to stop the playback.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Viewing the Imported Video</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_109.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>To edit the imported video clip, you need to drag
          them to the bottom pane to add them to the time line and
          then select the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Project Settings</emphasis> option
          from the 
          <emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu. This opens
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Projects
          Settings</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Displaying the Project Settings Dialogue
            Box</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_110.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>In the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Projects
          Settings</emphasis> dialogue box, you can edit the various
          aspects of the selected movie clip by defining various
          specifications according to your preferences. You can use
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Video Output</emphasis> section to
          define the height, width and the frame rate of the video.
          Similarly, you can define the audio specifications under
          the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Audio Output</emphasis> section.
          Click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> after specifying
          your preferences.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Specifying Edit Preferences</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_111.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>You return to the Pitivi window. To start applying
          your specifications on the selected video clip, click the
          
          <emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis> button.
          This displays the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis> dialogue
          box. You can use the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Modify</emphasis> button on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis> dialogue
          box to further modify your specifications for the video
          clip. Otherwise, click the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Choose file</emphasis> button to
          specify a file name for the edited video clip.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Specifying the Output File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_112.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>This opens the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Choose file to render
          to</emphasis> dialogue box. Use this dialogue box to
          assign a name for the edited video clip and specify the
          location where you want it to be saved. After specifying
          these details, click 
          <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to exit the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Choose file to render
          to</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Selecting the File to Render to</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_113.png" width="15cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The name of the file now appears on the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Output file</emphasis> button.
          Start editing the video clip by clicking the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Record</emphasis> button.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Editing the Video File</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_114.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The Pitivi Video Editor has started rendering a new
          project based on your specifications. You can view the
          progress of the process in the progress bar. Once the
          rendering is complete, click the Close button on the
          top-right corner to exit the 
          <emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis> dialogue
          box.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>Project Rendering Progress Indicator</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_115.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
        <step performance="required">
          <para>The newly edited video clip is now saved at the
          specified location.</para>
          <figure float="0">
            <title>The Edited Video Clip</title>
            <mediaobject>
              <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_116.png" width="12cm" format="PNG"/>
              </imageobject>
            </mediaobject>
          </figure>
        </step>
      </procedure>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Lesson Summary</title>
    <para>In this lesson, you learned that: 
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Software usage and distribution is controlled by laws
        and legislations unique to each country.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>When using or redistributing proprietary media
        formats, you should be aware of the associated patent or
        copyright laws.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>You can use Rhythmbox to play and organise music,
        listen to Internet radio and import music from CDs.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Using Sound Juicer, you can play audio tracks direct
        from the CD, extract audio tracks and convert them into
        audio files in various file formats. In addition, the
        default audio CD burner for Ubuntu, Serpentine, can be used
        to create audio CDs.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Playback of proprietary multimedia formats can be
        enabled in Ubuntu by installing additional multimedia
        codecs from the repositories.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Ubuntu offers you tools to play music from your iPod
        through gtkpod.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>GNOME Sound Recorder can be used to create audio
        files in various formats.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Audacity enables you to record and edit audio
        files.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>DVD playback in Totem Movie Player can be enabled by
        installing the required software packages.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Thoggen is a DVD backup utility for Linux that can be
        used in Ubuntu to rip DVDs.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to listen and watch
        online videos and audios directly from within your browser
        or in a mediaplayer such as RealPlayer.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Pitivi video Editor can be used to play and edit
        videos.</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist></para>
  </sect1>
  <sect1 role="questions">
    <title>Review Exercise</title>
    <qandaset>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>List the main features of a free software
          license.</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>A free software license include the following
          features: 
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Enables anyone to distribute or sell the
              software</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Makes the source code of the software
              available</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Allows users to make modifications and to
              produce derived works</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Does not restrict the use of other
              software</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist></para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Which is the default music player in Ubuntu?</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Totem</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Rhythmbox</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Audacity</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>gtkpod</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>b) Rhythmbox</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>What are podcasts?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Podcasts are audio shows, broadcasted over the
          Internet, that you can subscribe to. Subscribing to a
          podcast enables you to download each new audio release
          from the subscribed podcast source.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Which application is available in Ubuntu by default
          to play and extract audio compact discs?</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Xine</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>RealPlayer</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Serpentine</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Sound Juicer</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Sound Juicer</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>In which formats does Sound Juicer enable you to
          extract audio files onto your computer?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Sound Juicer enables you to extract audio files
          into the following three formats:</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>Ogg Vorbis</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>FLAC</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>WAV</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>From where does Sound Juicer retrieves retrieve the
          CD artist, title, and track data?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Sound Juicer will retrieve the CD artist, title,
          and track data from MusicBrainz.org.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Name the default CD audio recording application
          available in Ubuntu?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Serpentine is the audio CD burner application that
          comes bundled with Ubuntu, by default.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>Why do you need to install additional multimedia
          codecs in Ubuntu?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Due to the legal restrictions associated with the
          use of proprietary formats, by default, Ubuntu does not
          offer support for such formats. You need to install
          additional multimedia codecs to enabling such proprietary
          media formats in Ubuntu.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question>
          <para>You can download and install multimedia codecs
          using the ____________________.</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Synaptic Package Manager or Command Line
          Interface</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandaset>
  </sect1>
  <sect1>
    <title>Lab Exercise</title>
    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 1: Playing Music Using Rhythmbox</title>
      <para>You have recently installed Ubuntu and want to play and
      organise your music files, listen to music podcasts and
      Internet radio. List the steps that you would take.</para>
    </formalpara>
    <orderedlist numeration="arabic" inheritnum="ignore" continuation="restarts">
      <listitem>
        <para>On the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Application</emphasis> menu, point
        to 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
        then click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Rhythmbox Music
        Player</emphasis>.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>To start importing individual music files into
        Rhythmbox, right-click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Library</emphasis> and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Import File</emphasis>.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>In the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Import File into
        Library</emphasis> dialogue box, navigate to the folder from
        which you want to import the files.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select the files that you want to import and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open.</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select the music tracks that you want to play and the
        
        <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to start
        playing the selected track.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>To play music from a podcast of your choice,
        right-click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Podcast</emphasis> option in the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> list and select 
        <emphasis role="strong">New Podcast Feed</emphasis>.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Enter the podcast feed URL in the 
        <emphasis role="strong">New Podcast Feed</emphasis> text box
        and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Add.</emphasis></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>To play a podcast episode, select the episode that
        you want to play and click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>To listen to Internet radio, click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Radio</emphasis> source in the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> pane.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Double-click on the radio station of your choice to
        listen to the streaming media.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>To add a new radio station to the existing list of
        stations, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">New Internet Radio
        Station</emphasis> and paste the URL of the new radio
        station in the 
        <emphasis role="strong">URL of Internet radio
        station</emphasis> text box.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to add the radio
        station in the existing list.</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>You can add many more Internet radio stations in the
        same way and listen to your favourite radio stations with
        just a click of your mouse.</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 2: Playing and Extracting Audio CDs</title>
      <para>You have built up an impressive CD collection over the
      years and you would like to play these on your Ubuntu
      desktop, retrieve details about the music tracks and extract
      your favourite music tracks onto your computer in a
      compatible format to be able to play them later. List the
      steps that you would need to perform to do all that you
      want.</para>
    </formalpara>
    <procedure>
      <title>To play audio CDs:</title>
      <para/>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Insert an audio CD in the CD drive of your computer.
        The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis> CD player
        and ripper is launched automatically.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Notice that 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis> has fetched
        the tracks' information from MusicBrainz.org.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To play the tracks of your choice, select the
        particular tracks by selecting the corresponding
        checkboxes.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to play the
        tracks.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
    <procedure>
      <title>To extract an audio CD:</title>
      <para/>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Insert the audio CD into your computer's CD
        drive.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences.</emphasis></para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box,
        click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Output Format</emphasis> drop-down
        list.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the format of your choice from the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Output Format</emphasis> drop-down
        list.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the directory where you want to extract the
        files from the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Music Folder</emphasis> drop-down
        list.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
        box.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis> window,
        select the tracks that you want to extract by selecting the
        corresponding check boxes.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Extract</emphasis> button to start
        extracting the files.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Sound Juicer notifies you after the selected tracks
        are extracted successfully. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to view the tracks
        copied on your hard disk.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The CD audio tracks are now copied as audio files on
        your hard disk. You can listen to these tracks by simply
        double-clicking them.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 3: Burning Audio CDs</title>
      <para>You have recently discovered a Web site from where you
      can freely download hundreds of songs. You do not want these
      files to occupy the precious space on your computer's hard
      drive. Therefore, you want to copy these files on audio CDs,
      so that you can listen to them in future without taking up
      capacity of the hard drive.</para>
    </formalpara>
    <procedure>
      <title>To burn an audio CD:</title>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Insert a blank (recordable) CD in the CD drive of
        your computer.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click the click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Make Audio CD</emphasis> button, on
        the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Choose Disc Type</emphasis> dialogue
        box. This launches the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> audio CD
        burner.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To change the default configuration settings for 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> before burning
        the audio CD, open the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box by clicking 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> two seconds gap
        between two tracks check box to insert two seconds gap
        between two tracks.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to apply the
        changes and exit the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
        Preferences</emphasis> window.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Now you need to specify the files that you want to be
        copied on the inserted CD. To start specifying the desired
        audio files, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis>.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>This opens a browser window. In the browser window,
        navigate to the desired folder and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to display its
        contents.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Select the specific audio files that you want to be
        copied and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Open.</emphasis> You are returned to
        the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> window.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Once you are sure of the files to be copied to the
        disk, click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> button to
        start writing the audio files from your computer to the
        CD.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You are asked to confirm your decision to record a
        media disc. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> to
        continue.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Serpentine now starts writing the music files to the
        media disc. You can view the progress of the process in the
        
        <emphasis role="strong">Writing Audio
        Disc</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 4: Playing Proprietary Multimedia
      formats</title>
      <para>You have a huge collection of music in MP3 format
      stored on your computer and want to play these music files on
      your Ubuntu desktop. List the steps that you will need to
      take to be able install the required multimedia
      codecs.</para>
    </formalpara>
    <procedure>
      <title>To Install a codec plugin using Synaptic Package
      Manager:</title>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>On the 
        <emphasis role="strong">System</emphasis> menu, point to 
        <emphasis role="strong">Administration</emphasis> and then
        click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package
        Manager</emphasis>. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package
        Manager</emphasis> window opens.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The Multiverse and Restricted repositories are not
        activated by default in Ubuntu. To activate these
        repositories, on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Settings</emphasis> menu, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Repositories.</emphasis> The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Software Sources</emphasis> dialogue
        box is displayed.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To enable the Multiverse and Restricted repositories,
        select the third and fourth check boxes available on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu Software</emphasis> tabbed
        page, and click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the
        dialogue box.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You may receive a notification that your repository
        information has changed. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit this
        message.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Once you return to the Synaptic Package Manager
        window, you are required to click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button to apply
        your changes.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>On clicking the
        <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button, the system
        starts checking the repositories for new, removed or
        upgraded software packages.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To install a software package, you need to first
        locate the package in the Synaptic Package Manager
        window.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To initiate a search for a specific package, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Search.</emphasis></para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>In the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> field, enter the
        name of the software package that you are looking for.
        Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> to begin the
        search.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Right-click the package to be installed and select 
        <emphasis role="strong">Mark for
        Installation</emphasis>.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Once all the required packages are marked, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> to start
        downloading the packages. The 
        <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box is
        displayed.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To go ahead with the marked installations, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue
        box.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>After all the mark software packages are downloaded
        and installed, the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue
        box is displayed. Click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue
        box.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>The check box corresponding to the recently installed
        software package has changed to green, indicating that the
        software has been installed successfully.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
    <formalpara>
      <title>Exercise 5: Playing DVDs</title>
      <para>One of your friends has recently given you a DVD gift
      box set of your favourite movies of all times. Now, you want
      to play this DVD in your Ubuntu desktop and enjoy your
      favourite movies.</para>
    </formalpara>
    <procedure>
      <title>To play the DVD in the Movie player:</title>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Install the following software packages from the
        Universe and Multiverse repositories using the Synaptic
        Package Manager.</para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>gxine</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>libdvdcss2</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>libdvdnav4</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>libdvdplay0</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>libdvdvread3</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Install the Ubuntu Restricted Extras software package
        from the Ubuntu repository.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>Insert the DVD into the DVD drive of your computer.
        This will automatically launch the Totem and the DVD will
        start playing.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To view the DVD in full screen mode, on the View
        menu, click Fullscreen. Alternatively, you can simply press
        F on your keyboard.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You can enjoy the DVD in full screen mode. At any
        point of time, while watching the DVD in fullscreen mode,
        you can press ESC and return to the Totem window.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To configure the preferences settings, on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Preferences.</emphasis></para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>After specifying your preferences, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the
        dialogue box.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>To skip to the next frame, on the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Go</emphasis> menu, click 
        <emphasis role="strong">Skip Forwards</emphasis>.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>You do not want to view the side bar when playing the
        DVD, click the 
        <emphasis role="strong">Sidebar</emphasis> button.</para>
      </step>
      <step performance="required">
        <para>This hides the side bar and now you can view the DVD
        on a bigger space and simultaneously, have all the playback
        controls right in front of you.</para>
      </step>
    </procedure>
  </sect1>
</chapter>