~karl-schock/ubuntu-desktop-course/ubuntu-desktop-course-german

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<chapter>
		<title>Playing Music and Videos</title>
		<para><emphasis role="strong">Objectives</emphasis></para>
		<para>In this lesson, you will learn to:
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para>Play, edit and organize music and video files.</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">It is recommended to cover all the topics in this lesson. However,if you fall short of time then cover only the following topics:</emphasis></para>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">Legal Restrictions</emphasis></para>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">Playing Audio Files</emphasis></para>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">Using an iPod</emphasis></para>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">Viewing DVDs</emphasis></para>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">Playing Online Media</emphasis></para>
		</instructornote>
		</para>
		<sect1>
			<title>Legal Restrictions</title>
			<para>Ubuntu fully supports playback of music, videos and DVDs available in
			free and unrestricted formats. A number of multimedia formats are
			restricted by licenses and software patents in some jurisdictions. 
			Ubuntu does not offer out-of-the-box support for these formats.
			It is possible to enable playing the proprietary
			formats in Ubuntu, you must do so after considering the patent and copyright
			restrictions guiding the use of the proprietary file formats.</para>
			<para>The license of the format is different from the license
			of the content itself. For example a video's content can be licensed under a
			Creative Commons license, and be available as MPEG file. While the content 
			can be distributed freely, the format is proprietary and a software for playback may need to be licensed
			in some jurisdictions.</para>
			<para>To understand the legal issues associated with the use of proprietary
			formats, you need to first grasp the difference between free and non-free
			or proprietary formats.
 			</para>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Playing Music Files</title>
			<para>Ubuntu comes with the Rhythmbox Music Player to play and organise music files. Similar to
			iTunes in its interface, this music player is a free software application designed to work in the 
			GNOME desktop environment. Using Rhythmbox, you
			can play your music files, listen to Internet radio, import music from CDs and
			organise your music files. Rhythmbox offers comprehensive audio support for a large
			number of audio formats and contains various useful features that make playing music
			easy and enjoyable.</para>
			<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title>
			<para><emphasis role="italic">You must demonstrate and let the students play fully with at least 1 music, 1 DVD playback and 1 audio recording.</emphasis></para></instructornote>
			<sect2>
				<title>Playing Music using Rhythmbox</title>
				
				<para>To play music using Rhythmbox:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Application</emphasis> menu,
							point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and
							then click <emphasis role="strong">Rhythmbox Music Player</emphasis>.
							A welcome screen is displayed.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Rhythmbox</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_001.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The main window of the Rhythmbox Music Player opens. Now, you
							will be able to organise your favourite music using this
							window.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Rhythmbox Music Player</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_002.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>To start playing music in Rhythmbox, you need to first select
							the music source from the <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis>
							list. By default <emphasis role="strong">Library</emphasis> is
							selected as the source when you open Rhythmbox for the first
							time.</para>
							<para>Library is the main source available in Rhythmbox. You can
							import all your music files into the Rhythmbox library and can start
							playing immediately. You also use the music files in your library to
							create smart customised playlists and play-queues. To start importing
							individual music files, right-click <emphasis role="strong">Library
							</emphasis> and click <emphasis role="strong">Import File</emphasis>.
							It displays the <emphasis role="strong">Import File into Library
							</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Importing Music Files</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_003.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Import File into Library
							</emphasis> dialogue box, navigate to the folder from which you want
							to import the files. Select the files that you want to import and
							click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Files to Import</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_004.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<tip>
								<title>Nice to Know:</title>
								<para>While importing music files from your music collection,
								Rhythmbox also imports the metadata tags associated with the
								files. These tags are used by Rhythmbox to categorise the music files
								by genre, artist, album, title, and track number.</para>
							</tip>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The selected music files are imported into the library and 
							displayed in the the Rhythmbox window. You will notice that the main
							Rhythmbox window is split into various panes. Each pane displays
							different details about your music collection. To play music from the
							library, you can use the <emphasis role="strong">Artist, Album
							</emphasis> and <emphasis role="strong">Track</emphasis> panes to
							select the music tracks that you want to play and then use the
							playback controls to start playing the music tracks. Click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to start playing the
							selected track.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Rhythmbox Window</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_005.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>If you click the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button
							without selecting any track, Rhythmbox will start playing the first
							track from your current view. You can use the
							<emphasis role="strong">Shuffle</emphasis> button to play tracks
							randomly. You can also create a play list by right-clicking a music
							track and selecting <emphasis role="strong">Add to Playlist</emphasis>.
							To stop or pause a track, click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button again.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Creating New Playlist</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_006.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Rhythmbox offers many additional useful features in the form of
							various plugins. Some of these plugins are not turned on by default.
							To access these plugins, on the <emphasis role="strong">Edit
							</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Plugins.</emphasis>
							The <emphasis role="strong">Configure Plugins</emphasis> dialogue
							box opens.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Accessing Plugins</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_007.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can view all the available plugins in the left pane of the
							<emphasis role="strong">Configure Plugins</emphasis> dialogue box.
							Selecting a plugin displays its details in the right pane of the
							dialogue box.</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Depending on your requirements and preferences, you can
							activate these plugins to get extra functionality in your Rhythmbox.
							For example, activating <emphasis role="strong">Magnatune Store
							</emphasis> plugin enables iTunes-style song previews and paid
							downloads. Activating <emphasis role="strong">Visualization
							</emphasis> renders a real-time visualization of the music on the screen while
							you listen to a song track. Similarly, if you want to automatically
							retrieve the lyrics of the song being played, activate
							<emphasis role="strong">Song Lyrics</emphasis> by selecting the
							corresponding check box and click <emphasis role="strong">Close
							</emphasis> to exit the <emphasis role="strong">Configure Plugins
							</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Activating Plugins</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_008.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You are returned to the main Rhythmbox interface. To start
							retrieving the song lyrics, on the <emphasis role="strong">View
							</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Song
							Lyrics</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Retrieving Song Lyrics</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_009.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Amazingly, Rhythmbox retrieves the song lyrics for you.
							Now, you can sing along while listening to your favourite song.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Song Lyrics Retrieved</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_010.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Similarly, if you wish to view animations while listening to
							a song, click the <emphasis role="strong">Visualization</emphasis>
							button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Activating Visualisation</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_011.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can view animations while playing a song.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing Animations</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_012.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Rhythmbox also enables you to listen to music
							from a variety of sources, such as Internet radio stations and
							podcasts.</para>
							<para>To play music from a podcast of your choice, right-click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Podcast</emphasis> option in the
							<emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> list and select
							<emphasis role="strong">New Podcast Feed</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Adding New Podcast Feed</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_013.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<note>
								<title>Note:</title>
								<para>Podcasts are audio shows broadcast over the Internet
								that you can subscribe to. Subscribing to a podcast enables you
								to download each new audio release from the subscribed podcast
								source.</para>
							</note>
							<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title>
							<para><emphasis role="italic">If the students want to know more about podcasts, advise them 
							to read the Wikipedia article on podcasting: <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting'>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting</ulink></emphasis></para></instructornote>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Enter the podcast feed URL in the <emphasis role="strong">New
							Podcast Feed</emphasis> text box and click <emphasis role="strong">
							Add</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Entering Podcast Feed URL </emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_014.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Rhythmbox automatically looks for the latest podcasts and
							downloads them for you. To play a podcast episode, select the
							episode that you want to play and click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing a Podcast</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_015.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Rhythmbox also allows you to listen to radio streamed from
							Internet radio stations across the world. To listen to Internet
							radio, click the <emphasis role="strong">Radio</emphasis> source in
							the <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> pane.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing Internet Radio</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_016.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>By default the <emphasis role="strong">Radio</emphasis> source
							lists several radio stations, each of them broadcasting a different
							genre of music. Double-click on the radio station of your choice to
							listen to the streaming media.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Listening to a Radio Station</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_017.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title>
							<para><emphasis role="italic">Advise students to read the Wikipedia article on Internet Radio
							if they want more background information: <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radio">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet radio</ulink> </emphasis> </para></instructornote>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can also add a new radio station to the existing list by
							clicking <emphasis role="strong">New Internet Radio Station</emphasis>
							and pasting the URL of the new radio station in the <emphasis role="strong">URL
							of Internet radio station</emphasis> text box. Click
							<emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to add the radio station in
							the existing list.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Adding New Radio Station</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_018.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can add many more Internet radio stations in the same way
							and listen to your favourite radio stations with just a click of your
							mouse.</para>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Playing and Extracting Audio CDs</title>
			<para>Sound Juicer is the default application available in Ubuntu for playing and
			extracting audio compact discs (CDs). It is an easy-to-use CD player and ripping tool
			that requires minimal user intervention in playing and extracting audio CDs. Using
			Sound Juicer, you can play audio tracks directly from the CD and extract audio tracks
			and convert them into audio files. Sound Juicer allows you to extract audio files
			into the following three formats:
				<itemizedlist>
					<listitem>
						<para>Ogg Vorbis: Ogg vorbis is a free, unpatented and open source alternative to
						the proprietary MP3 format. Like the MP3 format, it discards parts of the sound 
						that humans cannot normally hear. An Ogg Vorbis file is typically a tenth of the size of 
						a WAV format file containing the same content.</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>FLAC: FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec. It is an unpatented, open source 
						audio format. Unlike MP3 or Ogg Vorbis, FLAC compresses audio without discarding any information.
						A FLAC file is typically half the size of a WAV file containing the same content.</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
					<para>WAV: WAV is short for Waveform Audio Format. It is an uncompressed format typically
					used for short snippets of sound and voice recordings.</para>
					</listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
			</para>
			<note>
				<title>Note:</title>
				<para>To know more about Ogg Vorbis and FLAC audio format, visit the following
				Web sites:
				<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.vorbis.com/faq/">http://www.vorbis.com/faq/</ulink></para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><ulink url="http://flac.sourceforge.net/">http://flac.sourceforge.net/</ulink></para></listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
				</para>
			</note>
			<sect2>
				<title>Playing Audio CDs</title>
				<para>To play audio CDs using Sound Juicer
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>Insert an audio CD in the CD drive of your computer. The Sound
							Juicer CD player and ripper is launched automatically. To start Sound
							Juicer manually. On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications
							</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp;
							Video</emphasis> and then click <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer
							CD Extractor</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Sound Juicer</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_019.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Sound Juicer's main interface is displayed. When Sound
							Juicer detects a CD, it examines the CD and tries to search the
							Internet to locate information about the CD's content. If you
							are connected to the Internet, Sound Juicer will retrieve the CD
							artist, title, and track data from MusicBrainz.org.</para>
							
							<para>To play all the tracks sequentially, you can simply click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
							<note>
								<title>Note:</title>
								<para>MusicBrainz.org is a community-maintained online database,
								which contains data on over 360,000 published albums.</para>
							</note>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing Audio CD</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_020.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure><para>Notice that Sound Juicer has fetched the track information
							from MusicBrainz.org. In the upper part of the Sound Juicer window,
							you can see the basic information about the disc, including title,
							artist, genre and total duration. The lower part of the window
							displays a list of tracks, each with its full title, artist and
							duration.</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>To play only the tracks of your choice, select the particular
							tracks by selecting the corresponding checkboxes and then click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Song tracks</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_021.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can now enjoy listening to your favourite music tracks.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing the Selected Tracks</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_022.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
			<sect2>
				<title>Extracting Audio CDs</title>
				<para>If you want to listen to your favourite music tracks without needing to
				insert a CD every time, you can create a copy of the CD and extract the music
				tracks on your computer. To extract the audio CD:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>Insert the audio CD and click the <emphasis role="strong">
							Extract</emphasis> button. However, if you want to define the audio
							quality, format and the location where the files would be stored,
							click <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> on the
							<emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu. This displays the
							<emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Defining Preferences For Audio Files</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_023.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can use the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis>
							dialogue box to define a number of things such as how the folder
							hierarchy should be saved, how the files should be named and
							whether to eject the CD automatically after the tracks are
							extracted.</para>
							<para>In the last section of the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences
							</emphasis> dialogue box, you can define the file format in which the
							tracks would be stored on your computer. Based on your requirements,
							select any one format from the <emphasis role="strong">Output Format
							</emphasis> drop-down list.</para>
							<tip>
								<title>Nice to Know:</title>
								<para>You can also extract CD audio files to the proprietary,
								non-free MP3 format. Instructions for extracting audio files into
								the MP3 format can be found in the help for Sound Juicer. Go to
								 <emphasis role="strong">Help&gt;Content</emphasis> and then navigate to the Preferences section.</para>
							</tip>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying Audio Format</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_024.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Each of these file format has its own customisable profile.
							Depending on the type of the music track and the destination where
							it has to be stored, you may need to customise these file formats.
							Click the <emphasis role="strong">Edit Profiles</emphasis> button,
							then select the desired profile and click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> button to edit the profile
							of the selected file format according to your needs.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Editing Audio Profile</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_025.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Editing profile</emphasis> dialogue
							box for the selected audio profile is displayed. You can edit the
							audio profile according to your requirements and the click
							<emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Customising Audio Profile</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_026.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can also use the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences
							</emphasis> dialogue box to define the location where you want the
							audio files to be stored on your computer. By default, Sound Juicer
							stores the audio files in the Home directory. To define a location
							of your choice, select a directory from the <emphasis role="strong">
							Music Folder</emphasis> drop-down list and click
							<emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the
							<emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying Audio File Location</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_027.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>After configuring your preferences, you can go ahead and start
							extracting all the tracks by clicking the <emphasis role="strong">
							Extract</emphasis> button. However, if you want to exclude some
							tracks, deselect them by clearing the corresponding check
							boxes.</para>
							<para>Depending on the speed of your computer, the extracting
							process can take a long time. You can watch the total progress
							of the process in the lower left section of the
							<emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis> window.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Extracting Song Tracks</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_028.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Sound Juicer notifies you after the selected tracks are
							extracted successfully. Click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>
							to view the tracks copied on your hard disk.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing Copied Tracks</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_029.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The CD audio tracks are now copied as audio files on your hard
							disk. You can listen to these tracks by simply double-clicking them.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Copied Tracks</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_030.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Burning Audio CDs</title>
			<para>Besides copying audio tracks from a CD to your computer, Ubuntu also enables
			you to copy music files from your computer onto a CD. Serpentine is the audio CD
			burner application that comes bundled with Ubuntu, by default. It is an easy-to-use
			but very powerful CD audio recording application.</para>
			<para>To burn an audio CD using Serpentine:
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem>
						<para>Insert a blank (recordable) CD in the CD drive of your computer.
						You will receive a notification asking whether you want to burn a data
						CD or an audio CD. When you click the <emphasis role="strong">Make Audio
						CD</emphasis> button, Serpentine will be launched automatically.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Auto-launching Serpentine</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_031.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Alternatively, you can launch Serpentine through the
						<emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu. To launch
						Serpentine manually, on the <emphasis role="strong">Applications
						</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video
						</emphasis> and then click <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Audio
						CD Creator</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis>
						window is displayed.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Serpentine</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_032.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Window</emphasis> displays
						the disc usage of the inserted disc graphically as well as in words. You
						can now click the <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> button to start
						adding the tracks that you want to be copied to the disk. However, if you
						want to change the default configuration settings for Serpentine before
						burning the audio CD, open the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
						Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box by clicking <emphasis role="strong">
						Preferences</emphasis> on the <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis>
						menu.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying Configuration Settings</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_033.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>You can use the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Preferences
						</emphasis> window to specify the writing speed for burning CD and to
						define some writing options such as whether to insert two seconds gap
						between two tracks or to eject the CD after recording is complete. After
						defining your preferences, click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis>
						to apply the changes and exit the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
						Preferences</emphasis> window.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Customising Preferences</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_034.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Now you need to specify the files that you want to be copied on
						the inserted CD. To start specifying the desired audio files, click
						<emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis>. This opens a browser window.
						In the browser window, navigate to the desired folder and click
						<emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to display its contents.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying Audio Files to Copy</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_035.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Select the specific audio files that you want to be copied and
						click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>. You are returned to the
						<emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> window.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Files to Copy</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_036.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The selected files now appear in the Serpentine window. You can
						also view the estimated disc usage once these files are written to the
						disc. Based on this data, you may decide to add or delete some files
						from your current selection. Once you are sure of the files to be copied
						to the disc, click the <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis>
						button to start writing the audio files from your computer to the
						CD.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Writing Audio Files to Disc</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_037.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>You are asked to confirm your decision to record a media disc.
						Click <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> to continue.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Confirming the CD Writing</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_038.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Serpentine now starts writing the music files to the media disc.
						You can view the progress of the process in the <emphasis role="strong">
						Writing Audio Disc</emphasis> dialogue box. This process may take some
						time depending on the size of the files to be written to disc. Once the
						process is complete, you get a new CD containing all your favourite
						songs.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Writing Audio CD</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_039.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Playing Proprietary Multimedia Formats</title>
			<para>As previously stated, due to the legal restrictions associated with the use of
			proprietary formats, Ubuntu does not offer support for such formats by default. If
			you wish to play such proprietary formats, you will need to install additional
			multimedia codecs. A multimedia codec is a small piece of software that allows you to
			watch videos or listen to music of a specific format. Although Ubuntu includes many
			codecs by default, you may need to install more because there are many different
			multimedia formats and it is unrealistic to provide them all.</para>
			<para>Playback of multimedia files in Ubuntu is handled by the Gstreamer multimedia framework.
			GStreamer by itself does not provide any multimedia codecs, it relies on codecs that have been
			packaged into a <emphasis role="strong">plugin</emphasis> that it uses to perform the actual
			recording and playback. Typical plugins are:
				<itemizedlist>
					<listitem>
						<para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg</para>
					</listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
			</para>
			<note>
				<title>Note:</title>
				<para>To know more about which Gstreamer package contains which plugins, visit
				the following Web site: <ulink url="http://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins.html">http://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/plugins.html</ulink>
				</para>
			</note>
			<para>Other applications, such as VLC, MPlayer and Xine, do not use the Gstreamer
			framework.</para>
			<para>You can use the Synaptic Package Manager, or the Command Line Interface
			(CLI) to install these multimedia codecs available in the repositories.</para>
			<tip><title><emphasis role="strong">Nice to Know:</emphasis></title>
			<para>Codecs can be installed directly from the Movie Player. When Movie Player recognizes a format it
			cannot play, it checks if a Gstreamer plugin is available for this format. If it finds one, you can install
			the codec easily without following the lengthy solution presented below.</para></tip>
			<para>To install a codec plugin using Synaptic Package Manager:
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem>
						<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">System</emphasis> menu, point to
						<emphasis role="strong">Administration</emphasis> and then click
						<emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis>. The
						<emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis> window
						opens.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_040.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Multiverse</emphasis> and
						<emphasis role="strong">Restricted</emphasis> repositories are not
						activated by default in Ubuntu. To install the additional multimedia
						codecs, you need to first activate these repositories. On the
						<emphasis role="strong">Settings</emphasis> menu, click
						<emphasis role="strong">Repositories</emphasis>. The
						<emphasis role="strong">Software</emphasis>
						<emphasis role="strong">Sources</emphasis> dialogue box is
						displayed.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying Software Sources</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_041.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>To enable the Multiverse and Restricted repositories, select the
						third and fourth check boxes available on the <emphasis role="strong">
						Ubuntu Software</emphasis> tabbed page, and click
						<emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the dialogue box.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Enabling Repositories</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_042.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>You may receive a notification that your repository information
						has changed. Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit this
						message.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Repositories Information Notification</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_043.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Once you return to the Synaptic Package Manager window, you are
						required to click the <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button
						to apply your changes.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Applying Changes</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_044.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>On clicking the <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis> button,
						the system starts checking the repositories for new, removed or upgraded
						software packages.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Checking Package Information</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_045.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>After the Multiverse and Restricted repositories are added in the
						Ubuntu software sources, you can download and install additional
						multimedia codecs. To install a software package, you need to first
						locate the package in the Synaptic Package Manager window. You can
						either search for a specific software package manually or run a
						search using the search utility provided in the Synaptic Package Manager.
						To initiate a search for a specific package, click
						<emphasis role="strong">Search.</emphasis>
						</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Initiating Software Search</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_046.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> field, enter the
						name of the software package that you are looking for. Click
						<emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> to begin the search.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Searching a Software Package</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_047.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The search results are displayed in the right pane of the Synaptic
						package Manager window. Right-click the package to be installed and
						select <emphasis role="strong">Mark for Installation</emphasis>.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Marking Packages for Installation</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_048.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>You can mark multiple packages for installation by following the
						same procedure. Once all the required packages are marked, click
						<emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> to start downloading the packages. The <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Initiating Package Download</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_049.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box allows you to take a last look at all the software packages that you have marked for installation. To go ahead with the marked installations, click <emphasis role="strong">Apply.</emphasis>
						</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Conforming Package Installation</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_050.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>After all the marked software packages are downloaded and installed, the <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed. Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Changes Applied Notification</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_051.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>The check box corresponding to the recently installed software package has changed to green, indicating that the software has been installed successfully. You can repeat the same procedure to install all the multimedia codecs required for playing proprietary multimedia formats.</para>
						<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Software Successfully Installed</emphasis></title>
							<mediaobject><imageobject>
								<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_052.png" format="PNG" />
							</imageobject></mediaobject>
						</figure>
					</listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Using an iPod</title>
			<para>The iPod is a popular portable media player, designed and marketed by
			Apple.  You can play music in MP3 and AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) audio file
			formats and store up to ten thousand songs on the device itself. The iPod does not support free multimedia formats.</para>
			<sect2>
				<title>Playing Music Using an iPod</title>
				<para>To play music using iPod:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>Plug your iPod into one of your computer's USB ports.
							Ubuntu automatically mounts it and places it as an icon on
							your desktop. Simultaneously, the iPod device opens in the
							Rhythmbox Music Player window. You can view all the files
							loaded on your iPod device in the lower right pane of the
							Rhythmbox window. To play a music track from your iPod,
							just select the track from the list and click the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Plugging in an iPod</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_053.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The song starts playing in the Rhythmbox Music
							Player. However, if the format of the music file is not supported
							by the Rhythmbox Music Player, you may not be able to play
							the file and you will receive an error message. In this case, you will need to follow the
							procedure described in the previous section to download all
							the necessary software codecs from the Ubuntu repositories.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing Music from iPod</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_054.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Ubuntu also allows you to transfer music files to and
							from the iPod device. However, this is not possible using
							Rhythmbox. You will need to install the
							<emphasis role="strong">gtkpod</emphasis> software to be able to transfer
							music file between your computer and the iPod device. You
							can easily download this software from the Universe repository using
							the Synaptic Package Manager.</para>
							<para>To access gtkpod, after it is successfully installed on
							your computer, on the <emphasis role="strong">Applications
							</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">
							Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and then click <emphasis role="strong">gtkpod</emphasis>. The <emphasis role="strong">gtkpod
							</emphasis> window opens.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching gtkpod</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_055.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can view all the music files stored on the iPod
							device in this gtkpod window. Notice that in the gtkpod
							interface, your music files have automatically been
							categorised based on artists, album and genre. This
							categorisation helps you quickly browse through your
							collection and select.</para>
							<para>You can use the gtkpod interface to manage the files
							on your iPod in multiple ways. You can create and edit
							playlists, normalize the volume on single tracks or multiple
							tracks at a time. You can also use the gtkpod interface to
							add more files in your iPod or transfer files from your iPod onto
							your computer. To add files from your computer to your iPod
							device, click <emphasis role="strong">Files</emphasis>.
							This displays the <emphasis role="strong">Add Files to
							'device name'</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Using gtkpod to transfer files to iPod</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_056.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Add Files to 'device
							name'</emphasis> dialogue box, navigate down to the folder
							from which you want to add the files to your iPod. Depending
							on your preferences you may either add a single file at a time
							or an entire directory. Select the tracks that you want added and click <emphasis role="strong">
							Open.</emphasis>
							</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Files to Transfer</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_057.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Gtkpod starts adding the files to your iPod. When the
							process is complete a message "Successfully added files"
							is quickly flashed at the bottom of the gtkpod window. You
							can also view the recently added files in the bottom pane of
							the gtkpod window.</para>
							<para>You can repeat the aforementioned steps to add more
							files from different folders. After you have added all the
							required files to your iPod, click the <emphasis role="strong">
							Save Changes</emphasis> button to load and save the files.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Updating the iPod</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_058.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>When you are done updating your iPod and want to
							disconnect it, close down the Rhythmbox window. Right-click
							the iPod icon on the desktop and then select
							<emphasis role="strong">Eject</emphasis>. Now you can
							safely remove your iPod from the computer.</para>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Creating and Editing Audio Files</title>
			<para>Ubuntu provides you with various tools to create your own music
			and audio files. The default application available in Ubuntu for creation of
			audio files is the GNOME Sound Recorder. Similarly, you can also edit
			audio files using Audacity.</para>
			<sect2>
				<title>Creating Audio Files</title>
				<para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to create new audio files using
				an input device such as a microphone. GNOME Sound Recorder is the
				default application available in Ubuntu for creating audio files. To start
				recording audio using GNOME Sound Recorder:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications
							</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">
							Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and then click
							<emphasis role="strong">Sound Recorder</emphasis>.
							Alternatively, you can just press <emphasis role="strong">
							ALT+F2</emphasis>, type <emphasis role="strong">
							GNOME-sound-recorder</emphasis> and click
							<emphasis role="strong">Run.</emphasis> The
							<emphasis role="strong">Sound Recorder</emphasis> is
							launched.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Sound Recorder</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_059.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The Sound Recorder allows you to record and play
							.flac, .ogg, and .wav audio files. To start a recording session,
							you need to select an input device, such as a microphone,
							phone or line-in, from the <emphasis role="strong">Record
							from input</emphasis> drop-down list. You can also select
							the audio quality from the Record as drop-down list.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Input Device</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_060.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Before starting the recording, it is advisable to
							configure the volume control settings to derive quality audio
							output. To access the volume controls, on the
							<emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, click
							<emphasis role="strong">Open Volume Control</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Accessing Volume Controls</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_061.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You use the slider buttons on the tracks to set the
							volume control for all the audio input and output devices. To
							further specify your volume preferences, click Preferences on
							the Edit menu. This opens the <emphasis role="strong">
							Volume Control Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying Volume Preferences</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_062.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Volume Control
							Preferences</emphasis> dialogue box allows you refine the
							sound settings by selecting or clearing the various options.
							Click the <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> button
							to exit this dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Configuring Sound Settings</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_063.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<para>You are returned to the <emphasis role="strong">
							Sound Recorder</emphasis> window. Now, you can start
							recording the audio from the selected input device by clicking
							the <emphasis role="strong">Record</emphasis> button. The
							recording starts.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Recording Sound</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_064.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>After the recording is complete, you can play the
							recorded sound file by clicking the <emphasis role="strong">
							Play</emphasis> button. The progress indicator moves along
							the progress bar as the sound file is playing. You can also
							view the duration of the recorded file in minutes and seconds
							under the <emphasis role="strong">File information
							</emphasis> section.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing Recorded Sound File</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_065.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
			<sect2>
				<title>Editing Audio Files</title>
				<para>You can use Audacity for editing audio files. However, Audacity
				is not included in the default installation of Ubuntu. But it is a free and
				open source software application, which can be installed easily from
				the Universe repository of Ubuntu. Therefore, you will first need to install
				Audacity using either the Add/Remove Applications or the Synaptic
				Package Manger.</para>
				<para>To edit audio files using Audacity:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis>
							menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis>
							and then click <emphasis role="strong">Audacity Sound
							Editor</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Audacity</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_066.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>When you access Audacity for the first time, it will
							ask you to select a language to use with the application.
							Apart from English, Audacity provides language support for
							more than 30 languages, including Arabic, Bulgarian,
							catalan, Czech, Danish, Finnish and many more. Select the
							language of your preference from the <emphasis role="strong">
							Choose Language for Audacity to use</emphasis> drop-down
							list and click <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting Language for Audacity</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_067.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The Audacity main interface window is displayed. You
							can use the various controls and tools available on this
							window to play, create and edit audio files.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Audacity Window</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_068.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can now start editing an existing audio file in
							Audacity. To do so, you need to first import the audio file into
							Audacity. To import an audio file, on the
							<emphasis role="strong">File</emphasis> menu, point to
							<emphasis role="strong">Import</emphasis> and then
							select <emphasis role="strong">Audio</emphasis>. The
							<emphasis role="strong">Select one or more audio files
							</emphasis> dialogue box opens.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Importing Audio Files into Audacity</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_069.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Select the audio file that you want to edit and click
							<emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis> to open the file
							in Audacity.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Files to Import</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_070.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The selected audio file opens in the Audacity
							interface. The audio file is represented as the blue waves in
							the lower part of the Audacity window. Now you can perform
							a whole range of tasks on this file.You can cut off some
							unwanted portion of the imported audio file, insert silence at
							some point, can add various audio effects on different
							sections of the file and may even export the file into an
							altogether different file format.</para>
							<para>In addition, Audacity also allows you to play an audio
							file. Click the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis>
							button to start playing the audio file.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing the Imported File</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_071.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The audio file starts playing in the Audacity audio
							editor. You can use the various tools available with Audacity
							to start editing the current audio file:</para>
							<itemizedlist>
								<listitem>
									<para>Magnifying tool: If you find that due to the length
									of the current file, you are unable to view the portions
									that you want to edit, you can use the Magnifying tool.
									This will let you zoom in on a specific area.</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Envelop tool: This enables you to change the
									volume of specific selections of the sound file.</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Time Shift tool: Allows you to move the
									entire sound file in relation to time; helpful
									when you are working with multiple tracks.</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Selection tool: Enables you to highlight portions of the sound file on which you want to
									work.</para>
								</listitem>
							</itemizedlist>
							<para>To start editing a specific portion of the sound file,
							activate the <emphasis role="strong">Selection</emphasis>
							tool by clicking it.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Picking the Selection Tool</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_072.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Select the area you wish to edit by dragging across
							the area while pressing the left mouse button. The selected
							area appears in a shade of darker gray.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting Audio Portion to Edit</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_073.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can now cut the area if you wish to remove this
							part of the audio file otherwise, edit this portion by applying
							various sound effects to it. The Effect menu contains all the
							digital audio effects that you can apply on an audio file. Some
							of these are:</para>
							<itemizedlist>
								<listitem>
									<para>Amplify - Increases or decreases volume without
									altering sound quality</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>BassBoost - Increases the volume of a specific
									frequency.</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Echo - Allows you to add an echo specify the delay time.</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Fade in - Fades from silence to the present volume</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Fade out - Fades from present volume to silence</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Invert - Flips the audio samples upside down</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Noise Removal-Allows you to remove background noise</para>
								</listitem>
								<listitem>
									<para>Reverse - Allows you to play the selection backward</para>
								</listitem>
							</itemizedlist>
							<para>To increase the volume of the selected portion, on the
							<emphasis role="strong">Effect</emphasis> menu, select
							<emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis>. The
							<emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis> window opens.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Applying Sound Effects</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_074.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Amplify</emphasis>
							window, you can use the slide bar to increase or decrease
							the amplification. Click OK to apply the effect to the selected
							portion of the audio.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Amplifying the Audio Clip</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_075.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Notice that the blue waves in the selected area have
							changed. You can now listen to the changed audio by clicking
							the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Verifying the Edit Effects </emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_076.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>After you are satisfied with all the edit effects, you can
							save the edited audio file. Because the default audio format of
							Audacity is not readily supported by many applications you should save the file in a more
							popular audio format, such as Ogg Vorbis or MP3.</para>
							<para>To save the file in a different file format, click
							<emphasis role="strong">Export</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Exporting Audio File </emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_077.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Export File</emphasis>
							dialogue box, select the folder where you want to save the file. 
							Then, select the desired file format from the
							drop-down list and then click <emphasis role="strong">Save
							</emphasis> to export the file in the specified file format.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Exporting as MP3 File</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_078.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Audacity starts exporting the file in the specified file
							format. This process may take up some time depending on
							the length of the audio file.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Export Progress Indicator</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_079.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<para>The audio file is exported to the specified location.
							You can now close the Audacity window and listen to the
							edited audio file whenever you wish.</para>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Playing DVDs</title>
			<para>By default, Ubuntu is capable of playing DVDs that are not
			scrambled. Most commercial DVDs are scrambled with the Content
			Scrambling System (CSS), which attempts to restrict the sotware that
			can play a DVD. Due to legal restrictions surrounding the scrambled
			format, as well as Ubuntu's total commitment to free multimedia formats, 
			some software packages needed for encrypted DVD
			playback are not installed by default in Ubuntu. You can install these
			packages from Ubuntu repositories to enable the playback of scrambled
			DVDs.</para>
			<note>
				<title>Note:</title>
				<para>It is possible that the use of some of the following software to play or copy DVDs
				is not permitted by law in some countries. Please clarify your rights before proceeding.</para>
			</note>
			<para>You may also consider downloading the following additional
			applications that are capable of playing certain formats by default:</para>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem>
					<para>Mplayer movie player</para>
				</listitem>
				<listitem>
					<para>VLC media player</para>
				</listitem>
				<listitem>
					<para>Xine</para>
				</listitem>
				<listitem>
					<para>Totem-xine</para>
				</listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
			<para>Totem-gstreamer, the default movie player included in
							Ubuntu can automatically play a DVD when it is inserted into the DVD drive. 
							However, it will not provide access to the DVD menu.
			Other free software media players like VLC, mplayer and xine do make the DVD menu available.</para>
			<sect2>
				<title>Playing DVDs in Totem</title>
				<para>After you have installed all the required software packages from
				various Ubuntu repositories, you can play a DVD on your Totem movie
				player. To play a DVD on Totem:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>Insert the DVD in the DVD drive of your computer.
							This will automatically launch the Totem and the DVD will
							start playing.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Playing DVD in Totem</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_080.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>To view the DVD in full screen mode, on the
							<emphasis role="strong">View</emphasis> menu, click
							<emphasis role="strong">Fullscreen</emphasis>.
							Alternatively, you can simply press <emphasis role="strong">
							F</emphasis> on your keyboard.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Enabling the Full Screen View</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_081.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can enjoy the DVD in full screen mode or press <emphasis role="strong">ESC</emphasis> and
							return to the Totem window.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing DVD in Full Screen</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_082.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Totem also allows you to configure some settings to
							view the DVD according to your preferences. To configure the
							preferences settings, on the <emphasis role="strong">Edit
							</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">
							Preferences</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying Totem Configuration</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_083.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can use the Preferences dialogue box to define
							various display settings, such as the brightness, colour, hue
							and saturation of the display. After specifying your
							preferences, click <emphasis role="strong">Close
							</emphasis> to exit the dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Customising Display Settings</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_084.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>When watching a DVD, you can use the various
							options provided in the <emphasis role="strong">Go
							</emphasis> menu to navigate inside the DVD. To skip to the
							next frame, on the <emphasis role="strong">Go</emphasis>
							menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Skip Forwards
							</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Navigating Inside DVD</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_085.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You are taken to the next frame in the DVD. If you do
							not want to view the side bar when playing the DVD, click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Sidebar</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Hiding the Sidebar</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_086.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing the DVD</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_087.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>This hides the side bar and now you can view the DVD
							on a larger space and simultaneously, have all the playback
							controls right in front of you.</para>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
			<sect2>
				<title>Backing up DVDs</title>
				<para>If you have a collection of old and not-so-easy-to-find
				DVDs, you may wish to back up these on your computer or create
				extra copies of them. You may even want to extract certain tracks from
				your DVD and watch it later. To do so, Ubuntu provides you with a
				number of DVD backup applications or DVD rippers. Although these
				applications are not included in Ubuntu by default, you can download and install 
				them from the Ubuntu repositories. Some of
				these applications are:
					<itemizedlist>
						<listitem>
							<para>Thoggen</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>K9copy</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>dvd::rip</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>HandBrake</para>
						</listitem>
					</itemizedlist>
				</para>
				<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title>
				<para><emphasis role="italic">If the students want to know more about the above applications, advise them to visit the following Web pages: For dvd::rip- <ulink url="http://www2.exit1.org/dvdrip/">http://www2.exit1.org/dvdrip/</ulink> For K9copy- <ulink url="http://k9copy.sourceforge.net/">http://k9copy.sourceforge.net/</ulink> For HandBrake- <ulink url="http://handbrake.m0k.org/?chapter=documentation">http://handbrake.m0k.org/?chapter=documentation</ulink></emphasis></para></instructornote>
				<para><emphasis role="strong">Backing up DVDs Using Thoggen</emphasis></para>
				<para>Thoggen is a DVD backup utility for Linux, based on
				GStreamer and Gtk+. This application is designed to be easy-to-use.
				Rather than exposing the complexities of the DVD ripping process,
				which many other applications tend to do, it tries to simplify the
				process for average users by offering sensible default options.</para>
				<para>Thoggen includes certain key features:
					<itemizedlist>
						<listitem>
							<para>Is easy to use and has a nice graphical user interface
							(GUI)</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Supports title preview, picture cropping, and picture
							resizing</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Provides language Selection for audio track</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Encodes into Ogg/Theora video</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Can encode from local directory with video DVD files</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Is based on the GStreamer multimedia framework,
							which makes it fairly easy to add additional encoding
							formats/codecs in future.</para>
						</listitem>
					</itemizedlist>
				</para>
				<note>
					<title>Note:</title>
					<para>Thoggen is still beta software, but should work fine
					nevertheless. It is advisable, however, to check the list of known
					issues at <ulink url="http://thoggen.net/download/">http://thoggen.net/download/</ulink>
					</para>
				</note>
				<para>To be able to back up your DVD using Thoggen, you need to
				first install it. You can easily find this application in the Universe repository of Synaptic
				Package Manager and install it on your computer.</para>
				<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Installing Thoggen</emphasis></title>
					<mediaobject><imageobject>
						<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_088.png" format="PNG" />
					</imageobject></mediaobject>
				</figure>
				<para>To start backing up your DVD using Thoggen:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications
							</emphasis> menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">
							Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and then click
							<emphasis role="strong">Thoggen DVD Ripper</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching Thoggen</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_089.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Thoggen</emphasis>
							window appears. As a first step to backing up your DVD, it simply
							asks you to select the specific tracks on the DVD that you
							want to back up. Specify the tracks by selecting the
							corresponding check boxes and then click
							<emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to proceed.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying the Tracks to Back up</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_090.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the next step of the backing up process, you are
							allowed to view and configure some of the settings according
							to your requirements. You can select the picture size from
							the corresponding drop-down list and define the output crop, by clicking the
							<emphasis role="strong">Configure Cropping</emphasis>
							button. Otherwise, you cam simply click
							<emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to accept the
							default settings and continue with the process of backing up
							your DVD.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Changing Default Settings</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_091.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The DVD backing process starts immediately. You
							can view the progress of the current as well as the entire
							process in the <emphasis role="strong">Progress</emphasis>
							section of the Thoggen window. Thoggen takes quite long to
							backup a DVD. However, the final output is quite satisfying.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Backing up DVD</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_092.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Playing Online Media</title>
			<para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to directly play music and
			videos available on the Internet. You can listen and watch online videos
			and audios directly from within your browser but may require to install
			some special player for this. Your ability to watch or listen to online media
			depends on how the provider of the music and video has made
			them available.</para>
			<sect2>
				<title>Watching Videos in a Web Browser</title>
				<para>You can play many of the videos available on the Internet
				directly from within your browser. For example, You can watch the
				Google videos and the You Tube videos directly in your FireFox
				window without installing any special player or additional browser
				plugins. The following screenshot displays a video being played inside
				the Firefox window:</para>
				<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Watching Video in a Web Browser</emphasis></title>
					<mediaobject><imageobject>
						<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_093.png" format="PNG" />
					</imageobject></mediaobject>
				</figure>
				<para>However, depending on the format of the video that you want to
				watch, you may also require to download and install certain additional
				browser plugins. Some of the plugins available for the default Firefox
				web browser are:
					<itemizedlist>
						<listitem>
							<para><emphasis role="strong">Totem Xine plugin:</emphasis>
							Install the <emphasis role="strong">totem-xine-firefox-plugin</emphasis>
							package from the "Universe" repository.</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para><emphasis role="strong">Totem gstreamer plugin:</emphasis>
							Install the <emphasis role="strong">
							totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin</emphasis> package from the
							"Universe" repository.</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para><emphasis role="strong">Mplayer plugin:</emphasis>
							Install the <emphasis role="strong">mozilla-mplayer</emphasis>
							package from the Universe repository</para>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para><emphasis role="strong">Flash plugin:</emphasis>
							install the <emphasis role="strong">flashplugin-nonfree</emphasis>
							package from the "Multiverse" repository</para>
						</listitem>
					</itemizedlist>
				</para>
				<para>The plugin installation process depends on the framework you
				use. If you use Totem-gstreamer, the default movie player included in
				Ubuntu, you need to install the totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
				package. However, to enable playing streaming video in your browser,
				you need to first install the Microsoft Windows codec and then install the totem
				plugin.</para>
				<para>You can even install an additional mediaplayer, such as
				RealPlayer 10, to watch online video streams in Realmedia formats.
				When you have installed all the above mentioned plugins and codecs,
				you can watch RealMedia files even with your default media player,
				such as Totem. But, you may also want to install RealPlayer on
				your computer because RealPlayer supports streaming RealMedia
				files slightly better than other players.</para>
				<para>The RealPlayer, developed by RealNetworks, supports a
				number of audio and video codecs such as realaudio, realvideo 10,
				mp3, ogg vorbis and theora, h263 and AAC. The RealPlayer for Linux
				is available in the Canonical commercial repository and can also be
				freely downloaded from the RealPlayer web site.</para>
				<note>
					<title>Note:</title>
					<para>RealPlayer is a proprietary software and is not supported by
					the Ubuntu community.</para>
				</note>
				<para><emphasis role="strong">Installing RealPlayer</emphasis></para>
				<para>As mentioned above, the realPlayer for Linux is available in the
				Canonical commercial repository. Ubuntu does not include this
				repository by default. Therefore, you will first need to add Canonical's
				commercial repository to your system. Once the repository is added,
				you can search for the Realplayer package and then install it on your
				computer.</para>
				<para><emphasis role="strong">Watching Online Videos Using
				RealPlayer</emphasis>
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>You can now access the realPlayer from the
							Applications menu. To access RealPlayer, on the
							<emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis> menu,
							point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video
							</emphasis> and then click <emphasis role="strong">
							RealPlayer 10</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Launching RealPlayer</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_094.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer Setup
							Assistant</emphasis> is displayed to guide you through the
							set up of the RealPlayer. Click <emphasis role="strong">
							Forward</emphasis> to start the set up process.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Initiating RealPlayer Set up</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_095.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>After reviewing the release notes of the RealPlayer 10,
							click <emphasis role="strong">Forward</emphasis> again to
							proceed.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Reviewing realPlayer Release Notes</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_096.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Before installing the RealPlayer application on your
							computer, you need to review the terms of the end user
							license agreement and accept it to be able to proceed with
							the setup. Click <emphasis role="strong">Accept.</emphasis>
							</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Accepting the License Agreement</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_097.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You have reached the final screen of the Realplayer
							setup Assistant. Specify the provided options and click
							<emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to complete the
							set up.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Completing the Set-up Process</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_098.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer</emphasis>
							window is displayed, indicating that the set up was
							successful. Now you can watch online streaming media in
							the RealPlayer.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The RealPlayer Window</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_099.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>To start viewing the online video of your choice, launch
							your Firefox and paste the URL of the Web page from which
							you want to view the streaming media.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Opening the Desired Web Page</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_100.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>On the Web page, click the link to open the video of
							your choice.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the Link to the Online Video</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_101.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You are asked to specify whether you want to open the
							linked file in RealPlayer or save it to your computer. To view
							the video as online streaming media, accept the default
							selection and click <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing Video as Streaming Media</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_102.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The <emphasis role="strong">Downloads</emphasis>
							dialogue box displays the progress of the download. After the
							file is downloaded to your temporary Internet folder, the video
							starts playing in the <emphasis role="strong">RealPlayer
							</emphasis> window.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Watching Online Video in RealPlayer</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_103.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You can add the link to your <emphasis role="strong">
							Favorites</emphasis> list to be able to view the video again
							without searching for it on the Internet. To save the video as a
							<emphasis role="strong">Favorite,</emphasis> on the the
							<emphasis role="strong">Favorites</emphasis> menu, click
							<emphasis role="strong">Add to Favorite</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Saving a Video as Favourite</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_104.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The video is now saved as your favorite. In future, you
							can view this video directly from inside your RealPlayer by
							selecting the link from the <emphasis role="strong">Favorites
							</emphasis> menu. You can also play an online video directly
							from inside the RealPlayer by specifying the location of the
							video. To do so, on the <emphasis role="strong">File
							</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Open
							Location</emphasis>.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing Online Video Directly from RealPlayer</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_105.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>Type the URL or the file path of the video in the
							<emphasis role="strong">Open Location</emphasis>
							dialogue box and click <emphasis role="strong">OK
							</emphasis> to start playing the online streaming video.
							</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying Video Location</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_106.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Editing Videos</title>
			<para>In addition to viewing movies and videos, Ubuntu also provides you
			tools to help you edit a video. The tools available with Ubuntu include:</para>
			<para>
				<emphasis role="strong">Kino:</emphasis> An advanced video
				editor, Kino captures video to disk in Raw DV and AVI format. It
				allows you to load multiple video clips, cut and paste portions of
				video, and save it to an edit decision list in SMIL and XML formats.</para>
			<para>
				<emphasis role="strong">Stopmotion:</emphasis> Stopmotion is a
				free application for creating stop-motion animation movies. It enables
				you to create stop-motions from pictures imported from a camera or
				from the harddrive, add sound effects and export the animation to
				different video formats such as mpeg or avi.</para>
			<para>
				<emphasis role="strong">Subtitle Editor:</emphasis> Subtitle Editor
				is a GTK+2 tool to edit subtitles for movies and videos. you can use it
				for creating new subtitles or to transform, edit, correct and refine
				existing subtitles. This programme also shows sound waves, which
				makes it easier to synchronise subtitles to voices.</para>
			<para>
				<emphasis role="strong">Pitivi Video Editor:</emphasis> Pitivi Video
				Editor is a non-linear editor, which allows you to easily edit audio and
				video projects. Using Pitivi, you can capture audio and video, mix,
				resize, cut, and apply effects to audio and video sources. It also
				allows you to save the projects in any format supported by the
				GStreamer framework.</para>
			<sect2>
				<title>Editing videos using Pitivi video editor</title>
				<para>Pitivi Video Editor is not included in Ubuntu by default.
				It is available in the Universe repository of Ubuntu. You can
				install Pitivi using Synaptic Package Manager.</para>
				<para>To edit video using Pitivi Video Editor:
					<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
						<listitem>
							<para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis>
							menu, point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis>
							and then click <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi Video Editor</emphasis>.
							The <emphasis role="strong">Pitivi vo 10.3</emphasis>
							window opens.</para>
						</listitem>					
						<listitem>
							<para>The main Pitivi interface is divided into a number of panes. You
							can use the various buttons on the task bar to perform tasks such as opening, importing, adding,
							viewing and saving video clips. To edit a video clip, first import
							the clip in the Pitivi Video editor by clicking the
							<emphasis role="strong">Import Clips</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Pitivi Interface</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_107.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the Import a clip dialogue box, navigate to the folder
							from where you want to import the video clip, select the single
							or multiple clips to be edited and click
							<emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to import it in the
							<emphasis role="strong">Pitivi</emphasis> window.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Importing Video Clips in Pitivi</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_108.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The selected video clip is now imported into the Pitivi
							Video editor. You can double-click the video clip to view it in
							the right pane. Click the <emphasis role="strong">Stop
							</emphasis> button on the control bar to stop the playback.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Viewing the Imported Video</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_109.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>To edit the imported video clip, you need to drag them
							to the bottom pane to add them to the time line and then
							select the <emphasis role="strong">Project Settings
							</emphasis> option from the <emphasis role="strong">File
							</emphasis> menu. This opens the <emphasis role="strong">
							Projects Settings</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Displaying the Project Settings Dialogue Box</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_110.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Projects Settings</emphasis>
							dialogue box, you can edit the various aspects of the
							selected movie clip by defining various specifications
							according to your preferences. You can use the
							<emphasis role="strong">Video Output</emphasis> section
							to define the height, width and the frame rate of the video.
							Similarly, you can define the audio specifications under the
							<emphasis role="strong">Audio Output</emphasis> section.
							Click <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> after
							specifying your preferences.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying Edit Preferences</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_111.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>You return to the Pitivi window. To start applying your
							specifications on the selected video clip, click the
							<emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis> button.
							This displays the <emphasis role="strong">Render project
							</emphasis> dialogue box. You can use the
							<emphasis role="strong">Modify</emphasis> button on the
							<emphasis role="strong">Render project</emphasis>
							dialogue box to further modify your specifications for the video
							clip. Otherwise, click the <emphasis role="strong">Choose
							file</emphasis> button to specify a file name for the edited
							video clip.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Specifying the Output File</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_112.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>This opens the <emphasis role="strong">Choose file
							to render to</emphasis> dialogue box. Use this dialogue box
							to assign a name for the edited video clip and specify the
							location where you want it to be saved. After specifying these
							details, click <emphasis role="strong">OK</emphasis> to
							exit the <emphasis role="strong">Choose file to render to
							</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Selecting the File to Render to</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_113.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The name of the file now appears on the
							<emphasis role="strong">Output file</emphasis> button.
							Start editing the video clip by clicking the
							<emphasis role="strong">Record</emphasis> button.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Editing the Video File</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_114.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The Pitivi Video Editor has started rendering a new
							project based on your specifications. You can view the
							progress of the process in the progress bar. Once the
							rendering is complete, click the Close button on the top-right
							corner to exit the <emphasis role="strong">Render project
							</emphasis> dialogue box.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Project Rendering Progress Indicator</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_115.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
						<listitem>
							<para>The newly edited video clip is now saved at the specified
							location.</para>
							<figure><title><emphasis role="italic">The Edited Video Clip</emphasis></title>
								<mediaobject><imageobject>
									<imagedata fileref="images/chapter9_image_116.png" format="PNG" />
								</imageobject></mediaobject>
							</figure>
						</listitem>
					</orderedlist>
				</para>
			</sect2>
		</sect1>
		<sect1>
			<title>Lesson Summary</title>
			<para>In this lesson, you learned that:
				<itemizedlist>
					<listitem><para>Software usage and distribution is controlled by laws and legislations unique to each country and sometimes region.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>When using or redistributing proprietary media formats, you should be aware
					of the associated patent or copyright laws.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You can use Rhythmbox to play and organise music files, listen to
					Internet radio and import music from CDs.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Using Sound Juicer, you can play audio tracks direct from
					the CD, extract audio tracks and convert them into audio files in various
					file formats. In addition, the default audio CD burner for Ubuntu, Serpentine, can be used to create audio CDs.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Playback of proprietary multimedia formats can be enabled in Ubuntu by installing additional multimedia 
					codecs from the repositories.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Ubuntu offers you tools to play music from your iPod through gtkpod.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>GNOME Sound Recorder can be used to create audio files in various 						formats.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Audacity enables you to record and edit audio
					files.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>DVD playback in Totem Movie Player can be enabled by installing the 						required software packages.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Thoggen is a DVD backup utility for Linux that can be used
					in Ubuntu to rip DVDs.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Ubuntu provides you with tools to listen and watch online
					videos and audios directly from within your browser or in a mediaplayer
					such as RealPlayer.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Pitivi video
					Editor can be used to play and edit videos.</para></listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
			</para>
		</sect1>
		    <questions>
		<sect1>
			<title>Review Exercise</title>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 1</emphasis></para>
			<para>List the main features of a free software license.</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 1</emphasis></para>
			<para>A free software license include the following features:
				<itemizedlist>
					<listitem>
						<para>Enables anyone to distribute or sell the software</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Makes the source code of the software available</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem>
						<para>Allows users to make modifications and to produce derived works</para>
					</listitem>
					<listitem><para>Does not restrict the use of other software</para></listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
			</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 2</emphasis></para>
			<para>Which is the default music player in Ubuntu?</para>
				<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
					<listitem><para>Totem</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Rhythmbox</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Audacity</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>gtkpod</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 2</emphasis></para>
			<para>b) Rhythmbox</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 3</emphasis></para>
			<para>What are podcasts?</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 3</emphasis></para>
			<para>Podcasts are audio shows, broadcasted over the Internet, that you can
			subscribe to. Subscribing to a podcast enables you to download each new audio
			release from the subscribed podcast source.</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 4</emphasis></para>
			<para>Which application is available in Ubuntu by default to play and extract
			audio compact discs?</para>
				<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
					<listitem><para>Xine</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>RealPlayer</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Serpentine</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Sound Juicer</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 4</emphasis></para>
			<para>Sound Juicer</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 5</emphasis></para>
			<para>In which formats does Sound Juicer enable you to extract audio files onto
			your computer?</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 5</emphasis></para>
			<para>Sound Juicer enables you to extract audio files into the following three
			formats:</para>
				<itemizedlist>
					<listitem><para>Ogg Vorbis</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>FLAC</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>WAV</para></listitem>
				</itemizedlist>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 6</emphasis></para>
			<para>From where does Sound Juicer retrieves retrieve the CD artist, title, and
			track data?</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 6</emphasis></para>
			<para>Sound Juicer will retrieve the CD artist, title, and track data from
			MusicBrainz.org.</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 7</emphasis></para>
			<para>Name the default CD audio recording application available in Ubuntu?</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 7</emphasis></para>
			<para>Serpentine is the audio CD burner application that comes bundled with Ubuntu,
			by default.</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 8</emphasis></para>
			<para>Why do you need to install additional multimedia codecs in Ubuntu?</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 8</emphasis></para>
			<para>Due to the legal restrictions associated with the use of proprietary formats, by
			default, Ubuntu does not offer support for such formats. You need to install additional
			multimedia codecs to enabling such proprietary media formats in Ubuntu.</para>
			</answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Question 9</emphasis></para>
			<para>You can download and install multimedia codecs using the ____________________.</para>
			<answer>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 9</emphasis></para>
			<para>Synaptic Package Manager or Command Line Interface</para>
			</answer>
		</sect1>
	    </questions>
		<sect1>
			<title>Lab Exercise</title>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Exercise 1: Playing Music Using Rhythmbox</emphasis></para>
			<para>You have recently installed Ubuntu and want to play and organise your music files,
			listen to music podcasts and Internet radio. List the steps that you would take.</para>
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Application</emphasis> menu,
					point to <emphasis role="strong">Sound &amp; Video</emphasis> and then click
					<emphasis role="strong">Rhythmbox Music Player</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To start importing individual music files into Rhythmbox,
					right-click <emphasis role="strong">Library</emphasis> and click
					<emphasis role="strong">Import File</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Import File into Library</emphasis>
					dialogue box, navigate to the folder from which you want to import the
					files.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the files that you want to import and click
					<emphasis role="strong">Open.</emphasis></para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the music tracks that you want to play and the
					<emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to start playing the selected
					track.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To play music from a podcast of your choice, right-click the
					<emphasis role="strong">Podcast</emphasis> option in the
					<emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis> list and select <emphasis role="strong">New
					Podcast Feed</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Enter the podcast feed URL in the <emphasis role="strong">New
					Podcast Feed</emphasis> text box and click <emphasis role="strong">Add.</emphasis>
					</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To play a podcast episode, select the episode that you want
					to play and click the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To listen to Internet radio, click the <emphasis role="strong">Radio
					</emphasis> source in the <emphasis role="strong">Source</emphasis>
					pane.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Double-click on the radio station of your choice to listen to
					the streaming media. </para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To add a new radio station to the existing list of stations,
					click <emphasis role="strong">New Internet Radio Station</emphasis> and paste
					the URL of the new radio station in the <emphasis role="strong">URL of Internet
					radio station</emphasis> text box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> to add the radio
					station in the existing list.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You can add many more Internet radio stations in the same way
					and listen to your favourite radio stations with just a click of your
					mouse.</para></listitem>
					</orderedlist>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Exercise 2: Playing and Extracting Audio CDs</emphasis></para>
			<para>You have built up an impressive CD collection over the years and you would like
			to play these on your Ubuntu desktop, retrieve details about the music tracks
			and extract your favourite music tracks onto your computer in a compatible format to be able to
			play them later. List the steps that you would need to perform to do all that you want.</para>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">To play audio CDs:</emphasis>
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>Insert an audio CD in the CD drive of your computer. The
					<emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis> CD player and ripper is
					launched automatically.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Notice that <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis>
					has fetched the tracks' information from MusicBrainz.org.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To play the tracks of your choice, select the particular tracks
					by selecting the corresponding checkboxes.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Play</emphasis> button to play
					the tracks.</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">To extract an audio CD:</emphasis>
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>Insert the audio CD into your computer's CD drive.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>On the <emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click
					<emphasis role="strong">Preferences.</emphasis></para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
					box, click the <emphasis role="strong">Output Format</emphasis> drop-down
					list.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the format of your choice from the
					<emphasis role="strong">Output Format</emphasis> drop-down list.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the directory where you want to extract the files
					from the <emphasis role="strong">Music Folder</emphasis> drop-down
					list.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit
					the <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
					box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Sound Juicer</emphasis>
					window, select the tracks that you want to extract by selecting the
					corresponding check boxes.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click the <emphasis role="strong">Extract</emphasis>
					button to start extracting the files.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Sound Juicer notifies you after the selected tracks are
					extracted successfully. Click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>
					to view the tracks copied on your hard disk.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>The CD audio tracks are now copied as audio files on your
					hard disk. You can listen to these tracks by simply double-clicking
					them.</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Exercise 3: Burning Audio CDs</emphasis></para>
			<para>You have recently discovered a Web site from where you can freely download
			hundreds of songs. You do not want these files to occupy the precious
			space on your computer's hard drive. Therefore, you want to copy these files on audio
			CDs, so that you can listen to them in future without taking up capacity of the hard drive.</para>
			<para>To burn an audio CD:
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>Insert a blank (recordable) CD in the CD drive of your
					computer.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click the click the <emphasis role="strong">Make Audio
					CD</emphasis> button, on the <emphasis role="strong">Choose Disc Type
					</emphasis> dialogue box. This launches the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine
					</emphasis> audio CD burner.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To change the default configuration settings for
					<emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> before burning the audio CD,
					open the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Preferences</emphasis> dialogue
					box by clicking <emphasis role="strong">Preferences</emphasis> on the
					<emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis> two seconds
					gap between two tracks check box to insert two seconds gap between two
					tracks.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to apply
					the changes and exit the <emphasis role="strong">Serpentine Preferences
					</emphasis> window.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Now you need to specify the files that you want to be
					copied on the inserted CD. To start specifying the desired audio files,
					click <emphasis role="strong">Add</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>This opens a browser window. In the browser window,
					navigate to the desired folder and click <emphasis role="strong">Open</emphasis>
					to display its contents.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Select the specific audio files that you want to be copied
					and click <emphasis role="strong">Open.</emphasis> You are returned to the
					<emphasis role="strong">Serpentine</emphasis> window.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Once you are sure of the files to be copied to the disk,
					click the <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> button to start
					writing the audio files from your computer to the CD.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You are asked to confirm your decision to record a media
					disc. Click <emphasis role="strong">Write to Disc</emphasis> to
					continue.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Serpentine now starts writing the music files to the media
					disc. You can view the progress of the process in the <emphasis role="strong">
					Writing Audio Disc</emphasis> dialogue box.</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Exercise 4: Playing Proprietary Multimedia
			formats</emphasis></para>
			<para>You have a huge collection of music in MP3 format stored on your computer and want to
			play these music files on your Ubuntu desktop. List the steps that you will need to take to be able install the required
			multimedia codecs.</para>
			<para>To Install a codec plugin using Synaptic Package Manager:
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>On the <emphasis role="strong">System</emphasis> menu,
					point to <emphasis role="strong">Administration</emphasis> and then
					click <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis>.
					The <emphasis role="strong">Synaptic Package Manager</emphasis> window
					opens.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>The Multiverse and Restricted repositories are not activated
					by default in Ubuntu. To activate these repositories, on the
					<emphasis role="strong">Settings</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">
					Repositories.</emphasis> The <emphasis role="strong">Software Sources</emphasis>
					dialogue box is displayed.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To enable the Multiverse and Restricted repositories,
					select the third and fourth check boxes available on the <emphasis role="strong">
					Ubuntu Software</emphasis> tabbed page, and click <emphasis role="strong">Close
					</emphasis> to exit the dialogue box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You may receive a notification that your repository information
					has changed. Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit this
					message.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Once you return to the Synaptic Package Manager window,
					you are required to click the <emphasis role="strong">Reload</emphasis>
					button to apply your changes.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>On clicking the<emphasis role="strong"> Reload</emphasis>
					button, the system starts checking the repositories for new, removed or
					upgraded software packages.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To install a software package, you need to first locate
					the package in the Synaptic Package Manager window.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To initiate a search for a specific package, click
					<emphasis role="strong">Search.</emphasis></para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>In the <emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> field, enter
					the name of the software package that you are looking for. Click
					<emphasis role="strong">Search</emphasis> to begin the search.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Right-click the package to be installed and select
					<emphasis role="strong">Mark for Installation</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Once all the required packages are marked, click
					<emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> to start downloading the packages.
					The <emphasis role="strong">Summary</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To go ahead with the marked installations, click
					<emphasis role="strong">Apply</emphasis> on the <emphasis role="strong">Summary
					</emphasis> dialogue box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>After all the mark software packages are downloaded and installed,
					the <emphasis role="strong">Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue box is displayed.
					Click <emphasis role="strong">Close</emphasis> to exit the <emphasis role="strong">
					Changes Applied</emphasis> dialogue box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>The check box corresponding to the recently installed software
					package has changed to green, indicating that the software has been installed
					successfully.</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
			<para><emphasis role="strong">Exercise 5: Playing DVDs</emphasis></para>
			<para>One of your friends has recently given you a DVD gift box set of your favourite
			movies of all times. Now, you want to play this DVD in your Ubuntu desktop and enjoy your
			favourite movies.</para>
			<para>To play the DVD in the Movie player:
				<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
					<listitem><para>Install the following software packages from the Universe and
					Multiverse repositories using the Synaptic Package Manager.</para>
						<itemizedlist>
							<listitem><para>gxine</para></listitem>
							<listitem><para>libdvdcss2</para></listitem>
							<listitem><para>libdvdnav4</para></listitem>
							<listitem><para>libdvdplay0</para></listitem>
							<listitem><para>libdvdvread3</para></listitem>
						</itemizedlist>
					</listitem>
					<listitem><para>Install the Ubuntu Restricted Extras software package from the
					Ubuntu repository.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>Insert the DVD into the DVD drive of your computer. This will
					automatically launch the Totem and the DVD will start playing.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To view the DVD in full screen mode, on the View menu, click
					Fullscreen. Alternatively, you can simply press F on your keyboard.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You can enjoy the DVD in full screen mode. At any point of time,
					while watching the DVD in fullscreen mode, you can press ESC and return to the
					Totem window.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To configure the preferences settings, on the
					<emphasis role="strong">Edit</emphasis> menu, click <emphasis role="strong">
					Preferences.</emphasis></para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>After specifying your preferences, click <emphasis role="strong">
					Close</emphasis> to exit the dialogue box.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>To skip to the next frame, on the <emphasis role="strong">Go</emphasis>
					menu, click <emphasis role="strong">Skip Forwards</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>You do not want to view the side bar when playing the DVD, click
					the <emphasis role="strong">Sidebar</emphasis> button.</para></listitem>
					<listitem><para>This hides the side bar and now you can view the DVD on a bigger
					space and simultaneously, have all the playback controls right in front of
					you.</para></listitem>
				</orderedlist>
			</para>
		</sect1>
</chapter>