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Copyright (c) 2009, Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved.
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Code licensed under the BSD License:
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http://developer.yahoo.net/yui/license.txt
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YUI.add('history', function(Y) {
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* The Browser History Utility provides the ability to use the back/forward
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* navigation buttons in a DHTML application. It also allows a DHTML
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* application to be bookmarked in a specific state.
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* This utility requires the following static markup:
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* <iframe id="yui-history-iframe" src="path-to-real-asset-in-same-domain"></iframe>
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* <input id="yui-history-field" type="hidden">
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* This class represents an instance of the browser history utility.
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var win = Y.config.win,
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encode = encodeURIComponent,
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decode = decodeURIComponent,
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// YUI Compressor helper...
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E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG = 'Missing or invalid argument',
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// Regular expression used to parse query strings and such.
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REGEXP = /([^=&]+)=([^&]*)/g,
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// A few private variables...
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* @event history:ready
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* @description Fires when the browser history utility is ready
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EV_HISTORY_READY = 'history:ready',
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* @event history:globalStateChange
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* @description Fires when the global state of the page has changed (that is,
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* when the state of at least one browser history module has changed)
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EV_HISTORY_GLOBAL_STATE_CHANGE = 'history:globalStateChange',
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* @event history:moduleStateChange
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* @description Fires when the state of a history module object has changed
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EV_HISTORY_MODULE_STATE_CHANGE = 'history:moduleStateChange';
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if (!YUI.Env.history) {
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YUI.Env.history = G = {
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// Flag used to tell whether the history utility is ready to be used.
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// List of registered modules.
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// INPUT field (with type="hidden" or type="text") or TEXTAREA.
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// This field keeps the value of the initial state, current state
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// the list of all states across pages within a single browser session.
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// Hidden IFrame used to store the browsing history on IE6/7.
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* Returns the portion of the hash after the '#' symbol.
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* @return {string} The hash portion of the document's location
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// We branch at runtime for Gecko since window.location.hash in Gecko
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// returns a decoded string, and we want all encoding untouched.
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_getHash = function () {
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var m = /#(.*)$/.exec(win.location.href);
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return m && m[1] ? m[1] : '';
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_getHash = function () {
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return win.location.hash.substr(1);
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* Stores the initial state and current state for all registered modules
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* in the (hidden) form field specified during initialization.
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* @method _storeStates
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function _storeStates() {
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var initialStates = [], currentStates = [];
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Y.Object.each(G._modules, function (module, moduleId) {
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initialStates.push(moduleId + '=' + module.initialState);
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currentStates.push(moduleId + '=' + module.currentState);
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G._stateField.set('value', initialStates.join('&') + '|' + currentStates.join('&'));
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* Sets the new currentState attribute of all modules depending on the new fully
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* qualified state. Also notifies the modules which current state has changed.
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* @method _handleFQStateChange
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* @param {string} fqstate fully qualified state
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function _handleFQStateChange(fqstate) {
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var m, states = [], globalStateChanged = false;
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REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
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while ((m = REGEXP.exec(fqstate))) {
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Y.Object.each(G._modules, function (module, moduleId) {
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var currentState = states[moduleId];
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if (!currentState || module.currentState !== currentState) {
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module.currentState = currentState || module.initialState;
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module.fire(EV_HISTORY_MODULE_STATE_CHANGE, decode(module.currentState));
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globalStateChanged = true;
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Y.Object.each(G._modules, function (module, moduleId) {
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if (module.currentState !== module.initialState) {
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module.currentState = module.initialState;
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module.fire(EV_HISTORY_MODULE_STATE_CHANGE, decode(module.currentState));
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globalStateChanged = true;
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if (globalStateChanged) {
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H.fire(EV_HISTORY_GLOBAL_STATE_CHANGE);
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* Update the IFrame with our new state.
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* @method _updateIFrame
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* @return {boolean} true if successful. false otherwise.
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function _updateIFrame(fqstate) {
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html = '<html><body>' + fqstate + '</body></html>';
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doc = G._historyIFrame.get('contentWindow.document');
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// TODO: The Node API should expose these methods in the very near future...
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doc.invoke('write', html, '', '', '', ''); // see bug #2447937
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* Periodically checks whether our internal IFrame is ready to be used
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* @method _checkIframeLoaded
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function _checkIframeLoaded() {
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var elem, fqstate, hash;
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if (!G._historyIFrame.get('contentWindow.document')) {
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// Check again in 10 msec...
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setTimeout(_checkIframeLoaded, 10);
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// Periodically check whether a navigate operation has been
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// requested on the main window. This will happen when
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// History.navigate has been called or after the user
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// has hit the back/forward button.
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elem = G._historyIFrame.get('contentWindow.document.body');
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// We must use innerText, and not innerHTML because our string contains
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// the "&" character (which would end up being escaped as "&") and
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// the string comparison would fail...
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fqstate = elem ? elem.get('innerText') : null;
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setInterval(function () {
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var newfqstate, states, newHash;
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elem = G._historyIFrame.get('contentWindow.document.body');
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// See my comment above about using innerText instead of innerHTML...
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newfqstate = elem ? elem.get('innerText') : null;
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newHash = _getHash();
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if (newfqstate !== fqstate) {
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fqstate = newfqstate;
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_handleFQStateChange(fqstate);
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Y.Object.each(G._modules, function (module, moduleId) {
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states.push(moduleId + '=' + module.initialState);
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newHash = states.join('&');
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// Allow the state to be bookmarked by setting the top window's
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// URL fragment identifier. Note that here, we are on IE < 8
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// which does not touch the browser history when changing the
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// hash (unlike all the other browsers).
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win.location.hash = hash = newHash;
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} else if (newHash !== hash) {
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// The hash has changed. The user might have clicked on a link,
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// or modified the URL directly, or opened the same application
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// bookmarked in a specific state using a bookmark. However, we
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// know the hash change was not caused by a hit on the back or
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// forward buttons, or by a call to navigate() (because it would
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// have been handled above) We must handle these cases, which is
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// why we also need to keep track of hash changes on IE!
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// Note that IE6 has some major issues with this kind of user
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// interaction (the history stack gets completely messed up)
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// but it seems to work fine on IE7.
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// Now, store a new history entry. The following will cause the
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// code above to execute, doing all the dirty work for us...
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_updateIFrame(newHash);
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H.fire(EV_HISTORY_READY);
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* Finish up the initialization of the browser utility library.
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* @method _initialize
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function _initialize() {
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var m, parts, moduleId, module, initialState, currentState, hash;
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// Decode the content of our storage field...
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parts = G._stateField.get('value').split('|');
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if (parts.length > 1) {
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REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
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while ((m = REGEXP.exec(parts[0]))) {
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module = G._modules[moduleId];
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module.initialState = initialState;
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REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
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while ((m = REGEXP.exec(parts[1]))) {
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module = G._modules[moduleId];
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module.currentState = currentState;
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// IE8 in IE7 mode defines window.onhashchange, but never fires it...
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if (!Y.Lang.isUndefined(win.onhashchange) &&
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(Y.Lang.isUndefined(doc.documentMode) || doc.documentMode > 7)) {
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// The HTML5 way of handling DHTML history...
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win.onhashchange = function () {
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var hash = _getHash();
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_handleFQStateChange(hash);
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H.fire(EV_HISTORY_READY);
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} else if (_useIFrame) {
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// IE < 8 or IE8 in quirks mode or IE7 standards mode
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_checkIframeLoaded();
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// Periodically check whether a navigate operation has been
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// requested on the main window. This will happen when
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// History.navigate has been called, or after the user
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// has hit the back/forward button.
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// On Gecko and Opera, we just need to watch the hash...
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setInterval(function () {
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var newHash = _getHash();
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if (newHash !== hash) {
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_handleFQStateChange(hash);
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H.fire(EV_HISTORY_READY);
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* Registers a new module.
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* @param {string} moduleId Non-empty string uniquely identifying the
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* module you wish to register.
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* @param {string} initialState The initial state of the specified
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* module corresponding to its earliest history entry.
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* @return {History.Module} The newly registered module
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register: function (moduleId, initialState) {
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if (!Y.Lang.isString(moduleId) || Y.Lang.trim(moduleId) === '' || !Y.Lang.isString(initialState)) {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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moduleId = encode(moduleId);
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initialState = encode(initialState);
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if (G._modules[moduleId]) {
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// The module seems to have already been registered.
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// Note: A module CANNOT be registered once the browser history
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// utility has been initialized. This is related to reading and
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// writing state values from/to the input field. Relaxing this
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// rule would potentially create situations rather complicated
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module = new H.Module(moduleId, initialState);
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G._modules[moduleId] = module;
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* Initializes the Browser History Manager. Call this method
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* from a script block located right after the opening body tag.
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* @param {string|HTML Element} stateField <input type="hidden"> used
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* to store application states. Must be in the static markup.
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* @param {string|HTML Element} historyIFrame IFrame used to store
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* the history (only required for IE6/7)
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initialize: function (stateField, historyIFrame) {
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// The browser history utility has already been initialized.
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stateField = Y.get(stateField);
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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tagName = stateField.get('tagName').toUpperCase();
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type = stateField.get('type');
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if (tagName !== 'TEXTAREA' && (tagName !== 'INPUT' || type !== 'hidden' && type !== 'text')) {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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// IE < 8 or IE8 in quirks mode or IE7 standards mode
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if (Y.UA.ie && (Y.Lang.isUndefined(doc.documentMode) || doc.documentMode < 8)) {
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historyIFrame = Y.get(historyIFrame);
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if (!historyIFrame || historyIFrame.get('tagName').toUpperCase() !== 'IFRAME') {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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if (Y.UA.opera && !Y.Lang.isUndefined(win.history.navigationMode)) {
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// Disable Opera's fast back/forward navigation mode and put
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// it in compatible mode. This makes anchor-based history
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// navigation work after the page has been navigated away
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// from and re-activated, at the cost of slowing down
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// back/forward navigation to and from that page.
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win.history.navigationMode = 'compatible';
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G._stateField = stateField;
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G._historyIFrame = historyIFrame;
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Y.on('domready', _initialize);
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* Stores a new entry in the browser history by changing the state of a registered module.
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* @param {string} module Non-empty string representing your module.
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* @param {string} state String representing the new state of the specified module.
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* @return {boolean} Indicates whether the new state was successfully added to the history.
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navigate: function (moduleId, state) {
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if (!Y.Lang.isString(moduleId) || !Y.Lang.isString(state)) {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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// The ncoding of module id and state takes place in mutiNavigate.
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states[moduleId] = state;
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return H.multiNavigate(states);
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* Stores a new entry in the browser history by changing the state
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* of several registered modules in one atomic operation.
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* @method multiNavigate
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* @param {object} states Associative array of module-state pairs to set simultaneously.
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* @return {boolean} Indicates whether the new state was successfully added to the history.
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multiNavigate: function (states) {
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var newStates = [], fqstate, globalStateChanged = false;
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Y.Object.each(G._modules, function (module, moduleId) {
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var state, decodedModuleId = decode(moduleId);
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if (!states.hasOwnProperty(decodedModuleId)) {
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// The caller did not wish to modify the state of this
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// module. We must however include it in fqstate!
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state = module.currentState;
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state = encode(states[decodedModuleId]);
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if (state !== module.upcomingState) {
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module.upcomingState = state;
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globalStateChanged = true;
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newStates.push(moduleId + '=' + state);
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if (!globalStateChanged) {
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// Nothing changed, so don't do anything.
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fqstate = newStates.join('&');
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return _updateIFrame(fqstate);
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win.location.hash = fqstate;
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* Returns the current state of the specified module.
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* @method getCurrentState
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* @param {string} moduleId Non-empty string representing your module.
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* @return {string} The current state of the specified module.
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getCurrentState: function (moduleId) {
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if (!Y.Lang.isString(moduleId)) {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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moduleId = encode(moduleId);
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module = G._modules[moduleId];
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return decode(module.currentState);
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* Returns the state of a module according to the URL fragment
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* identifier. This method is useful to initialize your modules
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* if your application was bookmarked from a particular state.
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* @method getBookmarkedState
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* @param {string} moduleId Non-empty string representing your module.
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* @return {string} The bookmarked state of the specified module.
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getBookmarkedState: function (moduleId) {
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if (!Y.Lang.isString(moduleId)) {
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throw new Error(E_MISSING_OR_INVALID_ARG);
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moduleId = encode(moduleId);
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// Use location.href instead of location.hash which is already
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// URL-decoded, which creates problems if the state value
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// contained special characters...
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h = win.location.href;
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REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
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while ((m = REGEXP.exec(h))) {
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if (m[1] === moduleId) {
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* Returns the value of the specified query string parameter.
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* This method is not used internally by the Browser History Manager.
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* However, it is provided here as a helper since many applications
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* using the Browser History Manager will want to read the value of
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* url parameters to initialize themselves.
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* @method getQueryStringParameter
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* @param {string} paramName Name of the parameter we want to look up.
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* @param {string} queryString Optional URL to look at. If not specified,
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* this method uses the URL in the address bar.
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* @return {string} The value of the specified parameter, or null.
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getQueryStringParameter: function (paramName, url) {
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url = url || win.location.href;
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i = url.indexOf('?');
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q = i >= 0 ? url.substr(i + 1) : url;
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// Remove the hash if any
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i = q.lastIndexOf('#');
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q = i >= 0 ? q.substr(0, i) : q;
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REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
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while ((m = REGEXP.exec(q))) {
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if (m[1] === paramName) {
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// Make Y.History an event target
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Y.mix(H, Y.Event.Target.prototype);
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Y.Event.Target.call(H);
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* This class represents a browser history module.
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* @class History.Module
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* @param id {String} the module identifier
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* @param initialState {String} the module's initial state
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H.Module = function (id, initialState) {
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Y.Event.Target.call(this);
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* The module identifier
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* The module's initial state
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this.initialState = initialState;
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* The module's current state
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this.currentState = initialState;
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* The module's upcoming state. There can be a slight delay between the
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* time a state is changed, and the time a state change is detected.
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* This property allows us to not fire the module state changed event
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* multiple times, making client code simpler.
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this.upcomingState = initialState;
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Y.mix(H.Module, Y.Event.Target, false, null, 1);
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}, '3.0.0' ,{skinnable:false, use:['event', 'node']});