8
8
<!ENTITY language "en">
10
<!-- FIXME: sections need to be cleaned up
11
- add graphical section and put kpackagekit in it
12
- add cli section and put apt and aptitude in it
14
<article id="manage-software" status="draft">
10
<article id="manage-software">
16
12
<title>Software Management In &kubuntu;</title>
20
This chapter presents how to manage and update software on Kubuntu
16
This chapter describes managing and updating software in &kubuntu;.
27
23
<title>Introduction</title>
30
There are several ways to manage your applications in Kubuntu. In
31
order to add or remove applications you need to use a
32
<emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. The following package
33
managers are described in this chapter:
26
There are several ways to manage applications in &kubuntu;. A convenient way to
27
add or remove applications is with a <emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. The
28
following package managers are described in this chapter:
36
31
<title>Graphical Clients</title>
38
33
<term><application>KPackageKit</application></term>
41
A graphical program providing an advanced way of managing application
42
installation and removal. <application>KPackageKit</application> can be started
43
by going to &menukpackagekit;.
36
An advanced program with a graphical user interface <acronym>(GUI)</acronym> for
37
installing and removing applications. <application>KPackageKit</application> can
38
be started by going to &menukpackagekit;.
69
You may also wish to increase the number of programs available to
70
install through your package managers. Not all the programs that exist for
71
Kubuntu are installed by default. This can be done to enhance your system
72
functionality by including more and new softwares.
64
It is possible to increase the number of programs that can be installed with
65
package managers. The default installation does not include all the programs
66
that can be used with &kubuntu;. System functionality can be enhanced by
67
including more applications and newer software. This chapter describes how to
68
add software repositories.
75
Finally, this chapter explains how to update your system.
71
The software that comprises &kubuntu; is being improved continuously. With an
72
Internet connection and &kubuntu; software updating, the latest improvements and
73
security fixes can be applied to a system easily. This chapter explains how to
79
<sect1 id="kpackagekit">
80
<title><application>KPackageKit</application></title>
78
<!-- KPackagekit section added :) -->
79
<sect1 id="kpackagekit" xreflabel="KPackageKit" status="complete">
80
<title>KPackageKit</title>
83
<title>The KPackageKit</title>
83
<title>KPackageKit</title>
86
86
<imagedata fileref="../../images/kpackagekit.png" format="PNG"/>
92
<para><application>Software Management</application>(KPackageKit) is a graphical tool for
93
installing software on your Kubuntu system. Software Management enables you to manage
94
your software and your software repositories.</para>
92
<para><application>Software Management</application> (KPackageKit) is a
93
graphical tool for installing new software on a &kubuntu; system. Software
94
Management also provides tools for managing software and software repositories.
95
Installing and removing software is password-protected to help prevent errors
96
and potentially dangerous actions that would affect system operation.
96
Installing new software can be accomplished by following the steps below:
100
Install new software with the following steps:
101
Start KpackageKit through the Kickoff Application Launcher at &menukpackagekit;.
106
Now search for an application that you need to install in the search box (top-right corner)
111
The application will show up in the white space below, and now all that needs to be done is
112
to click on the down-pointing arrow next to that software and then click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel>
117
Now KpackageKit might ask you to install some dependencies that may exist, so install those and
118
your software will be ready to use
105
Start KpackageKit with &menukpackagekit;.
111
Search for the application with the search box and filters at the top of the
118
The application will show up in the large white space below the search area.
119
Click on the down arrow symbol next to the software to be installed. The arrow
120
will change color. Click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel> to start the
121
installation process.
127
KpackageKit might provide information about required dependencies. Acknowledge
128
this information, and the required packages will begin downloading. When the
129
installation process is complete, the software will be ready to use. It is
130
rarely necessary to restart the system after software installation or update.
123
KPackageKit provides you with an easy method to remove the software you don't need. To do so:
135
KPackageKit provides an easy method to remove the software that is no longer
136
needed. To remove an application:
128
Start KpackageKit through the Kickoff Application Launcher at &menukpackagekit;.
133
Search for the application in the search box, and then click on the cross next to the
139
Now click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel> and KPackageKit will remove the software for you
141
Start KpackageKit with &menukpackagekit;.
147
Search for the application in the search box, and then click on the X in the
148
"Action" column next to the software title.
154
Click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel> and KPackageKit will remove the application.
147
162
<title>APT</title>
150
<application>APT</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package
151
management system, on which the graphical programs <application>Software Management</application> are based.
165
<application><acronym>APT</acronym></application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a
166
powerful package management system, which is the basis for the graphical
167
<application>Software Management</application> application.
152
168
<application>APT</application> automatically handles dependencies and performs
153
other operations on system packages to allow the installation of the desired
169
other package operations that are required for package installation.
158
173
Running <application>APT</application> requires administrative privileges.
174
Entering commands with "sudo" generates a password prompt. Several of the
175
commands below will not run without sudo.
162
Some common commands that can be used with <application>APT</application>:
179
Common commands used with <application>APT</application> are:
191
Retrieve new lists of available packages:
208
Retrieve the current lists of available packages:
192
209
<screen>sudo apt-get update</screen>
197
Upgrade system with available updates:
198
<screen>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</screen>
214
Install the latest available updates for the applications currently installed:
215
<screen>sudo apt-get upgrade</screen>
219
236
<title>Aptitude</title>
222
<application>Aptitude</application> is another command line front end to
223
<application>apt</application>. <application>Aptitude</application> allows you
224
to interactively choose packages for removal or installation from a list of
225
available packages. <application>Aptitude</application> allows for a more
226
advanced approach and at times a more functional approach to managing
227
applications via the command line.
239
<application>Aptitude</application> is a command line front-end to
240
<application>APT</application>. <application>Aptitude</application> allows
241
for interactive package selection to remove, update or install packages.
242
<application>Aptitude</application> is an advanced package management system,
243
with more control and capability than <application>APT</application> as a
233
250
<title>Manual Installation</title>
236
Although the preferred method of installing programs is via the package managers
237
described in <xref linkend="manage-software"/>, you can also download and
238
install individual package files containing software. There are many different
239
kinds of Linux package files. Most of these are associated with the package
240
managers of specific Linux distributions.
253
Although the preferred method of installing programs is with the package
254
manager described in <xref linkend="kpackagekit"/>, individual software
255
package files can be downloaded and installed. Several kinds of package files
256
are available for Linux systems. Generally, these file types are associated with
257
the package managers of specific Linux distributions.
243
If you find a packaged application that you wish to install, it is recommended
244
that you check if there is a native Kubuntu package of the application available
245
through a package manager, and that you install that version instead. This
246
guarantees that the program is completely compatible with your system. If there
247
is no package available through the package manager, you can install it
248
manually. The installation procedure depends on the type of package file.
261
To install a particular application, it is preferable to select a &kubuntu;
262
package of the application, and install it with a package manager. This ensures
263
that the program is compatible with other software on the system. If there
264
is no version of the package available through a package manager, it may be
265
possible to install it manually. The installation procedure depends on the type
251
269
<sect2 id="debfile-install" status="complete">
252
270
<title>Install/Uninstall .deb files</title>
255
The package files associated with Kubuntu have the <emphasis>.deb</emphasis>
256
suffix because of Kubuntu's close relation to the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
257
You can download and install individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> files. You
258
will need administrative privileges to do this.
273
The package files associated with &kubuntu; have the <emphasis>.deb</emphasis>
274
suffix because of &kubuntu;'s close relationship with the Debian
275
GNU/Linux distribution. Individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> files can be
276
downloaded and installed. Administrative privileges are required to do this.
261
279
To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton>Left</mousebutton> click on the
262
.deb file to initiate the installation process. You will be prompted for your
263
password in order to gain the necessary privileges.
280
.deb file to initiate the installation process. A prompt will appear for a
281
password associated with the necessary administrative privilege.
268
286
<title>Convert .rpm files to .deb files</title>
271
Another type of package files is Red Hat Package
272
Manager Files which have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
273
suffix. It is not recommended to install these on an
274
Kubuntu system. In almost all cases, a native Kubuntu
275
<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package is available.
276
However, if absolutely necessary, an
277
<emphasis>.rpm</emphasis> file can be converted to a
278
<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using the program
279
<application>alien</application>.
289
Red Hat Package Manager files have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
290
suffix. It is not recommended that these be installed on a &kubuntu; system. In
291
almost all cases, a native &kubuntu; <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> version of
292
the package is available. However, if necessary, an <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
293
file can be converted to a <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using a program
294
called <application>alien</application>.
282
<title>Installation of Alien</title>
297
<title>Installing Alien</title>
285
300
Open <application>Software Management</application> by going to &menukpackagekit;.
290
When prompted to enter a password, enter your user password and press
291
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
296
Locate the <guilabel>Search</guilabel> box just under the buttons at the top of
297
the window and type <userinput>alien</userinput>.
305
Enter <userinput>alien</userinput> in the <guilabel>Search</guilabel> box
306
near the top of the window.
302
311
Locate the package named <application>alien</application> and
303
select it. Press the <guibutton>Request Install</guibutton> button.
308
Locate the the <guibutton>Apply Changes</guibutton> button in the top toolbar
314
Once the installation has completed close <application>Software Management</application>.
312
select it. Press the <guibutton>down arrow</guibutton> button. The arrow will
319
Press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button, and
320
the <guibutton>Install Now</guibutton> button on the following screen. There
321
may be additional packages required to be installed as dependencies. If so,
322
click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
328
If prompted, enter the proper password and press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
334
Once the installation has completed, close <application>Software
335
Management</application>.
345
366
Files with the <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis> or <emphasis>.tar.bz2</emphasis>
346
367
suffix are package files known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> or
347
368
<emphasis>source</emphasis> packages which are widely used in Linux. If there is
348
no native Kubuntu package available in any of the Kubuntu repositories, you can
349
try to compile the package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at
350
the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling
369
no native &kubuntu; package available in any of the repositories, it may be
370
possible to compile and install the package from source. For tips on compiling
371
software, look at the <ulink
372
url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling
351
373
Software</ulink> page on the Ubuntu Wiki.
361
383
<title>What are Repositories?</title>
364
There are thousands of programs freely available to install on Kubuntu. These
386
Thousands of programs are freely available to install on &kubuntu;. These
365
387
programs are stored in software archives (<emphasis>repositories</emphasis>) and
366
are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy
367
to install new programs in Kubuntu, and it is also very secure, because each
368
program you install is built specially for Kubuntu and checked before it is
388
are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it easy
389
to install new programs in &kubuntu;. It is also secure, because each
390
program is built specifically for &kubuntu; and is checked thoroughly before it
391
is installed. &kubuntu; repositories are categorized into four groups:
370
395
<listitem><para>Main</para></listitem>
371
396
<listitem><para>Restricted</para></listitem>
372
397
<listitem><para>Universe</para></listitem>
373
398
<listitem><para>Multiverse</para></listitem>
377
The rationale used to determine which software goes into which category is based
401
Two factors are used to determine categories:
383
The level of support software development teams provide for a program
406
The level of support that software development teams provide for a program
394
You can find more information about the Repositories available on the <ulink
417
More information about the Repositories is available on the <ulink
395
418
url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">Ubuntu website</ulink>.
398
The standard Kubuntu Install CD contains some software from the
421
The standard &kubuntu; LiveCD contains some software from the
399
422
<emphasis>Main</emphasis> and <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> categories. Once
400
your system is made aware of the Internet-based locations for these
401
repositories, many more programs are made available for installation. Using the
402
software package management tools already installed on your system, you can
403
search for, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet,
404
without the need for the CD.
423
a system has information about the Internet-based locations for these
424
repositories, more programs are available for installation. Using the
425
software package management tools installed by default, it is possible to
426
discover, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet,
427
without the need for the LiveCD.
428
You will be prompted for your password in order to proceed.
433
Next, click on the <guilabel>Other Software</guilabel> tab. Here, you can enable or disable
434
existing repositories by checking off the appropriate boxes in the upper section. To add a new
435
repository, click the <guilabel>Add</guilabel> button.
440
Enter your repository info here. Make sure you use the correct format. It will look
441
similar to this: <screen>deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/backports/ubuntu karmic main</screen>
446
After adding the repository, you will be prompted to update your package list. This will allow KPackageKit to find the newly available software
451
To remove a repository, select the repository you want to remove in
452
<guilabel>Software Sources</guilabel> then press the <guibutton>Remove</guibutton>
453
button. Once complete go ahead and press the <guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
451
An administrative password is required in order to proceed.
457
Next, click on the <guilabel>Other Software</guilabel> tab. Existing
458
repositories can be enabled or disabled by checking the appropriate boxes
459
in the upper section. To add a new repository, click the
460
<guilabel>Add</guilabel> button.
466
Enter the repository address. The proper format is required, and looks similar
468
<screen>deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/backports/ubuntu
475
After adding the repository, a prompt will appear to update the package list.
476
This will allow KPackageKit to find the newly available software.
482
To remove a repository, select it in <guilabel>Software Sources</guilabel>, and
483
press the <guibutton>Remove</guibutton> button. When the process is
484
complete, press the <guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
462
493
<title>Updating</title>
465
Sometimes the Kubuntu developers release feature and security updates for
466
applications and packages within the Kubuntu system.
469
When these updates are available, Kubuntu will inform by showing a little window
470
at the right-corner of the screen. To update your system, click the <guibutton>Review and Update</guibutton>
471
which will open up KPackageKit. Now just click <guibutton>Select All Updates</guibutton> and then <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>, Kubuntu will download and install those updates for you.
474
When <application>Software Management</application> has finished updating your system,
496
&kubuntu; developers release feature and security updates for applications and
497
packages within the &kubuntu; system.
501
When updates become available, &kubuntu; will display a message in the System
502
Tray. To update the system, click the <guibutton>Review and Update</guibutton>
503
button, which will open KPackageKit. Click <guibutton>Select All
504
Updates</guibutton> and then <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>. &kubuntu; will
505
download and install the updates.
509
When <application>Software Management</application> has finished updating,
475
510
close the window by clicking the <guibutton>Okay</guibutton> button.
478
<para>After installing some important updates, it may be necessary to
479
restart your computer. If so, Kubuntu will inform you with a pop up and an icon
513
<para>After installing some updates, it may be necessary to restart the
514
computer. If so, &kubuntu; will display a pop-up and an icon in the System