~qbalazs/installation-guide/lp1030336

# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2001-02-09 01:25+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2005-09-26 16:09+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Ji YongGang<jungle@soforge.com>\n"
"Language-Team: debian-chinese-gb <debian-chinese-gb@lists.debian.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:5
#, no-c-format
msgid "Next Steps and Where to Go From Here"
msgstr "下一步该干什么"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:13
#, no-c-format
msgid "If You Are New to Unix"
msgstr "如果您不熟悉 Unix"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:14
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and do "
"some reading. A lot of valuable information can also be found in the <ulink "
"url=\"&url-debian-reference;\">Debian Reference</ulink>. This <ulink url="
"\"&url-unix-faq;\">list of Unix FAQs</ulink> contains a number of UseNet "
"documents which provide a nice historical reference."
msgstr ""
"如果您不熟悉 Unix，您也许应该出去买些书来读。还可以从 <ulink url=\"&url-"
"debian-reference;\">Debian Reference</ulink> 找到到大量有用的信息。<ulink "
"url=\"&url-unix-faq;\">Unix 常见问题解答</ulink> 中包含了大量的 Usenet 文档，"
"它提供过去很有用的参考。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:22
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Linux is an implementation of Unix. The <ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux "
"Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink> collects a number of HOWTOs and online "
"books relating to Linux. Most of these documents can be installed locally; "
"just install the <classname>doc-linux-html</classname> package (HTML "
"versions) or the <classname>doc-linux-text</classname> package (ASCII "
"versions), then look in <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename>. "
"International versions of the LDP HOWTOs are also available as Debian "
"packages."
msgstr ""
"Linux 是 Unix 的一种实现。<ulink url=\"&url-ldp;\">Linux 文档计划 (LDP)</"
"ulink> 收集了大量的 HOWTO 和 Linux 的在线书籍。这些文档绝大部分可以在本地安"
"装；只要安装 <classname>doc-linux-html</classname> 包(HTML 版本)或者 "
"<classname>doc-linux-text</classname>包(ASCII 版本)，然后在 <filename>/usr/"
"share/doc/HOWTO</filename> 里面就能找到。在 Debian 软件包里面也提供 LDP "
"HOWTO 的国际化版本。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:43
#, no-c-format
msgid "Orienting Yourself to Debian"
msgstr "让您自己转向 Debian"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:44
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Debian is a little different from other distributions. Even if you're "
"familiar with Linux in other distributions, there are things you should know "
"about Debian to help you to keep your system in a good, clean state. This "
"chapter contains material to help you get oriented; it is not intended to be "
"a tutorial for how to use Debian, but just a very brief glimpse of the "
"system for the very rushed."
msgstr ""
"Debian 和其它的发行版有些不同。即使您熟悉其它发行版的 Linux，您也应该了解 "
"Debian 的一些东西，以便保持您的系统处在整洁良好的状态。本章包的材料可以帮助您"
"转向；但这并不是一个如何使用 Debian 的入门指南，而仅仅是对整个系统的一个粗略"
"的介绍。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:55
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debian Packaging System"
msgstr "Debian 软件包系统"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:56
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The most important concept to grasp is the Debian packaging system. In "
"essence, large parts of your system should be considered under the control "
"of the packaging system. These include: <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> "
"<filename>/usr</filename> (excluding <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </"
"para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (you could make "
"<filename>/var/local</filename> and be safe in there) </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/sbin</filename> </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/lib</filename> </para></listitem> </"
"itemizedlist> For instance, if you replace <filename>/usr/bin/perl</"
"filename>, that will work, but then if you upgrade your <classname>perl</"
"classname> package, the file you put there will be replaced. Experts can get "
"around this by putting packages on <quote>hold</quote> in <command>aptitude</"
"command>."
msgstr ""
"要掌握的最重要概念是 Debian 的软件包系统。事实上，您系统的绝大部分都应该由软"
"件包系统来控制。包括：<itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <filename>/usr</"
"filename> (除了 <filename>/usr/local</filename>) </para></listitem> "
"<listitem><para> <filename>/var</filename> (您可以创建 <filename>/var/local</"
"filename>，在那里面进行安全的操作) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> "
"<filename>/bin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/"
"sbin</filename> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <filename>/lib</"
"filename> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> 例如，如果您替换了 <filename>/"
"usr/bin/perl</filename>，它可以正常工作，但以后升级了您的 <classname>perl</"
"classname> 软件包，那个文件仍将被替换回来。有经验的用户可以将软件包设置为 "
"<quote>hold</quote>状态，以避免这种情况，这需要使用 <command>aptitude</"
"command>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:97
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the best installation methods is apt. You can use the command line "
"version <command>apt-get</command> or full-screen text version "
"<application>aptitude</application>. Note apt will also let you merge main, "
"contrib, and non-free so you can have export-restricted packages as well as "
"standard versions."
msgstr ""
"apt 是最好的安装方法之一。您可以使用命令行模式的 <command>apt-get</command> "
"或者全屏幕文本模式的 <application>aptitude</application>。注意 apt 也可以让您"
"合并 main，contrib 以及 non-free 版本的软件包，从而使您可以在使用标准版本的同"
"时使用限制出口的软件包。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:108
#, no-c-format
msgid "Application Version Management"
msgstr "应用程序版本管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:109
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternative versions of applications are managed by update-alternatives. If "
"you are maintaining multiple versions of your applications, read the update-"
"alternatives man page."
msgstr ""
"可选版本的应用程序可以通过 update-alternatives 来管理。如果您维护着多个版本的"
"应用程序，请参阅 update-alternatives 的 man 手册。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:119
#, no-c-format
msgid "Cron Job Management"
msgstr "定时任务管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:120
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any jobs under the purview of the system administrator should be in "
"<filename>/etc</filename>, since they are configuration files. If you have a "
"root cron job for daily, weekly, or monthly runs, put them in <filename>/etc/"
"cron.{daily,weekly,monthly}</filename>. These are invoked from <filename>/"
"etc/crontab</filename>, and will run in alphabetic order, which serializes "
"them."
msgstr ""
"任何系统管理员权限内的任务都必须位于 <filename>/etc</filename> 内，这是因为它"
"们都是配置文件。如果您有一些需要以管理员身份每天(daily)，每周(weekly)或每月"
"(monthly)运行的定时任务，请将它们放置在 <filename>/etc/cron.{daily,weekly,"
"monthly}</filename> 中。它们将在 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> 中被激活，"
"然后按照文件名的字典顺序依次运行。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:129
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"On the other hand, if you have a cron job that (a) needs to run as a special "
"user, or (b) needs to run at a special time or frequency, you can use either "
"<filename>/etc/crontab</filename>, or, better yet, <filename>/etc/cron.d/"
"whatever</filename>. These particular files also have an extra field that "
"allows you to stipulate the user under which the cron job runs."
msgstr ""
"另一方面，如果您有某个定时任务需要以某个特定的用户身份运行，或者需要在某个特"
"定时刻或以特定周期运行，您或者可以使用 <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> 或 "
"<filename>/etc/cron.d/whatever</filename>，而后者会更好一些。这些特殊的文件可"
"以包含一个额外的域，允许您指定运行该定时任务的用户帐户。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:138
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In either case, you just edit the files and cron will notice them "
"automatically. There is no need to run a special command. For more "
"information see cron(8), crontab(5), and <filename>/usr/share/doc/cron/"
"README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在任何情况下，您只需编辑这些文件，cron 将会自动处理它们。没有必要再运行某个特"
"殊的命令。欲了解更多的信息，请参阅 cron(8)，crontab(5)，以及 <filename>/usr/"
"share/doc/cron/README.Debian</filename>。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:155
#, no-c-format
msgid "Reactivating DOS and Windows"
msgstr "重新激活 DOS 和 Windows"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:156
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After installing the base system and writing to the <emphasis>Master Boot "
"Record</emphasis>, you will be able to boot Linux, but probably nothing "
"else. This depends what you have chosen during the installation. This "
"chapter will describe how you can reactivate your old systems so that you "
"can also boot your DOS or Windows again."
msgstr ""
"安装好基本系统并写入 <emphasis>主引导记录</emphasis> 后，您就可以启动 Linux，"
"但也可能什么都没有。这将由您在安装中所作的选择决定。本章告诉您，如何重新激活"
"旧系统，以便可以再次启动 DOS 或 Windows。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:164
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>LILO</command> is a boot manager with which you can also boot other "
"operating systems than Linux, which complies to PC conventions. The boot "
"manager is configured via <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> file. Whenever "
"you edited this file you have to run <command>lilo</command> afterwards. The "
"reason for this is that the changes will take place only when you call the "
"program."
msgstr ""
"<command>LILO</command> 是一个启动引导器，通过它您可以启动 Linux 之外的其他操"
"作系统，它遵循 PC 的习惯。该启动引导器通过 <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</"
"filename> 文件进行配置。当您编辑过该文件之后，您必须运行 <command>lilo</"
"command>程序。这是因为只有您运行过该程序后，所做的更改才能生效。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:174
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Important parts of the <filename>lilo.conf</filename> file are the lines "
"containing the <userinput>image</userinput> and <userinput>other</userinput> "
"keywords, as well as the lines following those. They can be used to describe "
"a system which can be booted by <command>LILO</command>. Such a system can "
"include a kernel (<userinput>image</userinput>), a root partition, "
"additional kernel parameters, etc. as well as a configuration to boot "
"another, non-Linux (<userinput>other</userinput>) operating system. These "
"keywords can also be used more than once. The ordering of these systems "
"within the configuration file is important because it determines which "
"system will be booted automatically after, for instance, a timeout "
"(<userinput>delay</userinput>) presuming <command>LILO</command> wasn't "
"stopped by pressing the <keycap>shift</keycap> key."
msgstr ""
"在 <filename>lilo.conf</filename> 文件中的关键部分是包含关键字 "
"<userinput>image</userinput> 和 <userinput>other</userinput> 的行，以及在其之"
"后的行。它们用来描述可被 <command>LILO</command>引导的系统。这样的系统可以包"
"含一个内核 (<userinput>image</userinput>)，一个根分区，额外的内核参数等，以及"
"可引导另一个非 Linux 操作系统 (<userinput>other</userinput>)的配置。这些关键"
"字可使用多次。这些系统在配置文件中的顺序很重要，因为它将决定哪个操作系统会自"
"动引导，比如，在超时(<userinput>delay</userinput>) 而且 <command>LILO</"
"command> 没有被按下 <keycap>shift</keycap> 键中止的情况下。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:190
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After a fresh install of Debian, just the current system is configured for "
"booting with <command>LILO</command>. If you want to boot another Linux "
"kernel, you have to edit the configuration file <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</"
"filename> to add the following lines: <informalexample><screen>\n"
"&additional-lilo-image;\n"
"</screen></informalexample> For a basic setup just the first two lines are "
"necessary. If you want to know more about the other two options please have "
"a look at the <command>LILO</command> documentation. This can be found in "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/lilo/</filename>. The file which should be read is "
"<filename>Manual.txt</filename>. To have a quicker start into the world of "
"booting a system you can also look at the <command>LILO</command> man pages "
"<filename>lilo.conf</filename> for an overview of configuration keywords and "
"<filename>lilo</filename> for description of the installation of the new "
"configuration into the boot sector."
msgstr ""
"刚刚安装好一个全新的 Debian 后，只有当前系统被配置好用 <command>LILO</"
"command>引导。如果您想引导另一个 Linux 内核，您必须编辑 <filename>/etc/lilo."
"conf</filename> 配置文件，在其中加入如下行： <informalexample><screen>\n"
"&additional-lilo-image;\n"
"</screen></informalexample> 对一个基本安装而言，只有第一行是必需的。如果您想"
"了解关于其它两个选项的更多信息，请查阅 <command>LILO</command> 的文档。该文档"
"位于 <filename>/usr/share/doc/lilo/</filename>目录中，您所需阅读的文件是 "
"<filename>Manual.txt</filename>。如果您想快速了解如何引导系统，您也可以查阅 "
"<command>LILO</command> 的 man 手册，<filename>lilo.conf</filename>可得到关于"
"配置文件的关键字的说明，<filename>lilo</filename> 可得到将一个新配置安装到引"
"导扇区的说明。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:210
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Notice that there are other boot loaders available in &debian;, such as GRUB "
"(in <classname>grub</classname> package), CHOS (in <classname>chos</"
"classname> package), Extended-IPL (in <classname>extipl</classname> "
"package), loadlin (in <classname>loadlin</classname> package) etc."
msgstr ""
"注意，在 &debian; 中还有其它可用的启动引导器，例如 GRUB (在 <classname>grub</"
"classname> 包中)，CHOS (在 <classname>chos</classname> 包中)，Extended-IPL "
"(在 <classname>extipl</classname> 包中)，loadlin (在 <classname>loadlin</"
"classname> 包中) 等。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:225
#, no-c-format
msgid "Further Reading and Information"
msgstr "更多信息"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:226
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you need information about a particular program, you should first try "
"<userinput>man <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>, or "
"<userinput>info <replaceable>program</replaceable></userinput>."
msgstr ""
"如果您想查阅某个程序的更详细资料，应该先试试 <userinput>man <replaceable>程序"
"名称</replaceable></userinput>，或者 <userinput>info <replaceable>程序名称</"
"replaceable></userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:232
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is lots of useful documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> "
"as well. In particular, <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename> and "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</filename> contain lots of interesting "
"information. To submit bugs, look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</"
"filename>. To read about Debian-specific issues for particular programs, "
"look at <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""
"在 <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename> 目录里有很多有用的文档，特别是 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO</filename>和 <filename>/usr/share/doc/FAQ</"
"filename> 里有很多值得一读的文章。如果您想提交错误报告，请先查阅这些文件： "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug*</filename>。针对某个程序，其有关于 "
"Debian 的内容可以查阅文件： <filename>/usr/share/doc/(package name)/README."
"Debian</filename>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:243
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian web site</ulink> contains a "
"large quantity of documentation about Debian. In particular, see the <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> and the "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference\">Debian "
"Reference</ulink>. An index of more Debian documentation is available from "
"the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian Documentation "
"Project</ulink>. The Debian community is self-supporting; to subscribe to "
"one or more of the Debian mailing lists, see the <ulink url=\"http://www."
"debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</ulink> page. "
"Last, but not least, the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/\">Debian "
"Mailing List Archives</ulink> contain a wealth of information on Debian."
msgstr ""
"在 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\">Debian 网站</ulink> 上有大量的 "
"Debian 相关文档。尤其要看看 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/"
"\">Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</ulink> 和 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/"
"user-manuals#quick-reference\">Debian Reference</ulink>。更多的 Debian 文档位"
"于 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp\">Debian Documentation "
"Project</ulink>。Debian 社区是靠用户们自己的力量支撑起来的; 如果您想要订阅 "
"Debian 的邮件列表，请访问 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/"
"subscribe\"> Mail List Subscription</ulink> 页面。最后，相当重要的，<ulink "
"url=\"http://lists.debian.org/\">Debian Mailing List Archives</ulink> 包含了 "
"Debian 丰富的信息。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:261
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A general source of information on GNU/Linux is the <ulink url=\"http://www."
"tldp.org/\">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There you will find the "
"HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/"
"Linux system."
msgstr ""
"在 GNU/Linux 世界里，最常用的文档资料来源是： <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp."
"org/\">Linux 文档计划项目</ulink>。在这里您可以找到有关于 GNU/Linux 系统各个"
"部分的 非常有价值的 HOWTO 文档以及其他指导。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:276
#, no-c-format
msgid "Compiling a New Kernel"
msgstr "编译新内核"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:277
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Why would someone want to compile a new kernel? It is often not necessary "
"since the default kernel shipped with Debian handles most configurations. "
"However, it is useful to compile a new kernel in order to:"
msgstr ""
"为什么有些人想要编译新内核？Debian 自带的默认内核已经包含了绝大部分配置，所以"
"编译新内核并不是必需的。然而，基于以下这些理由，编译新内核还是很有用的："

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:285
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"handle special hardware needs, or hardware conflicts with the pre-supplied "
"kernels"
msgstr "支持某些特殊的硬件，或者默认的内核配置和某些硬件冲突。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:291
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"handle hardware or options not included in the stock kernel, such as APM or "
"SMP"
msgstr "支持某些没有包含在预装内核中的硬件或选项，例如 APM 或 SMP。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:297
#, no-c-format
msgid "optimize the kernel by removing useless drivers to speed up boot time"
msgstr "通过删除无用的驱动程序来优化内核，以减少启动时间。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:303
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"use options of the kernel which are not supported by the default kernel "
"(such as high memory support)"
msgstr "使用某些不被默认内核所支持的选项 (例如 high memory 支持)。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:309
#, no-c-format
msgid "run an updated or development kernel"
msgstr "运行最新的内核或开发中的内核。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:314
#, no-c-format
msgid "impress your friends, try new things"
msgstr "尝试新东西，向您的朋友炫耀。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:323
#, no-c-format
msgid "Kernel Image Management"
msgstr "内核映象管理"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:324
#, no-c-format
msgid "Don't be afraid to try compiling the kernel. It's fun and profitable."
msgstr "不要害怕尝试编译内核。它很有趣而且很合算。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:328
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To compile a kernel the Debian way, you need some packages: "
"<classname>kernel-package</classname>, <classname>kernel-source-"
"&kernelversion;</classname> (the most recent version at the time of this "
"writing), <classname>fakeroot</classname> and a few others which are "
"probably already installed (see <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/"
"README.gz</filename> for the complete list)."
msgstr ""
"为了以 Debian 的方式编译内核，您需要一些软件包： <classname>kernel-package</"
"classname>，<classname>kernel-source-&kernelversion;</classname>(与此文档写作"
"时间最接近的版本)，<classname>fakeroot</classname> 以及其它一些您可能已经安装"
"过的软件包 (请参阅 <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</"
"filename> 以获得完整的列表)。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:338
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This method will make a .deb of your kernel source, and, if you have non-"
"standard modules, make a synchronized dependent .deb of those too. It's a "
"better way to manage kernel images; <filename>/boot</filename> will hold the "
"kernel, the System.map, and a log of the active config file for the build."
msgstr ""
"此方法将从您的内核源码创建一个 .deb 文件，并且，如果您有非标准模块，将同时创"
"建它们的同步依赖 .deb 文件。这是一个管理内核的较好的方法； <filename>/boot</"
"filename> 目录将保存内核，System.map，以及当前编译的活动配置文件的日志。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:346
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that you don't <emphasis>have</emphasis> to compile your kernel the "
"<quote>Debian way</quote>; but we find that using the packaging system to "
"manage your kernel is actually safer and easier. In fact, you can get your "
"kernel sources right from Linus instead of <classname>kernel-source-"
"&kernelversion;</classname>, yet still use the <classname>kernel-package</"
"classname> compilation method."
msgstr ""
"注意您不 <emphasis>需要</emphasis>编译内核以 <quote>Debian 方式</quote>；但我"
"们发现使用软件包系统来管理您的内核确实可以更加安全和简单。事实上，您可以直接"
"从 Linus 那里而不是 <classname>kernel-source-&kernelversion;</classname> 得到"
"内核源码，并仍然使用 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 的编译方法。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:355
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that you'll find complete documentation on using <classname>kernel-"
"package</classname> under <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</"
"filename>. This section just contains a brief tutorial."
msgstr ""
"注意您可以找到完整的文档，通过使用 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 它"
"在 <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>里。本节只包含一个简单的"
"入门指南。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:362
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hereafter, we'll assume you have free rein over your machine and will "
"extract your kernel source to somewhere in your home directory<footnote> "
"<para> There are other locations where you can extract kernel sources and "
"build your custom kernel, but this is easiest as it does not require special "
"permissions. </para> </footnote>. We'll also assume that your kernel version "
"is &kernelversion;. Make sure you are in the directory to where you want to "
"unpack the kernel sources, extract them using <userinput>tar xjf /usr/src/"
"kernel-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2</userinput> and change to the "
"directory <filename>kernel-source-&kernelversion;</filename> that will have "
"been created."
msgstr ""
"此后，我们假设您具有操作您机器的权力，可以将内核源码解到您的 home 目录"
"<footnote> <para> 可以在其他目录解开内核源码并 build 自定义内核，但是不需要额"
"外的权限是最简单的方式。</para> </footnote>。我们还假设您的内核版本是 "
"\"&kernelversion;。确定您处于打算解开内核源码的目录，然后使用 <userinput>tar "
"xjf /usr/src/kernel-source-&kernelversion;.tar.bz2</userinput> 解开并进入 "
"<filename>kernel-source-&kernelversion;</filename> 刚才创建的目录。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:382
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now, you can configure your kernel. Run <userinput>make xconfig</userinput> "
"if X11 is installed, configured and being run; run <userinput>make "
"menuconfig</userinput> otherwise (you'll need <classname>libncurses5-dev</"
"classname> installed). Take the time to read the online help and choose "
"carefully. When in doubt, it is typically better to include the device "
"driver (the software which manages hardware peripherals, such as Ethernet "
"cards, SCSI controllers, and so on) you are unsure about. Be careful: other "
"options, not related to a specific hardware, should be left at the default "
"value if you do not understand them. Do not forget to select <quote>Kernel "
"module loader</quote> in <quote>Loadable module support</quote> (it is not "
"selected by default). If not included, your Debian installation will "
"experience problems."
msgstr ""
"现在，您可以开始配置您的内核了。如果您已经安装配置好，并正在运行 X11，请执行 "
"<userinput>make xconfig</userinput>；否则请执行 <userinput>make menuconfig</"
"userinput>(必须已经安装好 <classname>libncurses5-dev</classname>)。请花点时间"
"阅读在线帮助并仔细地作选择。如果有疑问，通常来说包含您所不确定的 设备驱动程"
"序 (用来管理硬件外设的软件，例如以太网卡，SCSI 控制器等) 会比较好一点。注意："
"对于与特殊硬件无关的其它选项，如果您不了解它们，最好保持默认值。不要忘记选择 "
"<quote>Kernel module loader</quote> 中的 <quote>Loadable module support</"
"quote> (它们默认并没有被选择)。否则，您的 Debian 安装将会遇到问题。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:397
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Clean the source tree and reset the <classname>kernel-package</classname> "
"parameters. To do that, do <userinput>make-kpkg clean</userinput>."
msgstr ""
"清除源码树并复原 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 参数。也就是使用 "
"<userinput>make-kpkg clean</userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:402
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now, compile the kernel: <userinput>fakeroot make-kpkg --revision=custom.1.0 "
"kernel_image</userinput>. The version number of <quote>1.0</quote> can be "
"changed at will; this is just a version number that you will use to track "
"your kernel builds. Likewise, you can put any word you like in place of "
"<quote>custom</quote> (e.g., a host name). Kernel compilation may take quite "
"a while, depending on the power of your machine."
msgstr ""
"现在，开始编译内核： <userinput>fakeroot make-kpkg --revision=custom.1.0 "
"kernel_image</userinput>。其中版本号 <quote>1.0</quote> 可以随便您修改；它仅"
"是一个用来跟踪您的内核编译的版本号。同样地，您也可以用任何您喜欢的单词替换 "
"<quote>custom</quote> (例如，您的主机名称)。编译内核可能要花费较长的时间，这"
"取决于您的机器的性能。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:412
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you require PCMCIA support, you'll also need to install the "
"<classname>pcmcia-source</classname> package. Unpack the gzipped tar file as "
"root in the directory <filename>/usr/src</filename> (it's important that "
"modules are found where they are expected to be found, namely, <filename>/"
"usr/src/modules</filename>). Then, as root, do <userinput>make-kpkg "
"modules_image</userinput>."
msgstr ""
"如果您需要支持 PCMCIA，您必须安装 <classname>pcmcia-source</classname> 软件"
"包。以 root 身份将用 gzip 压缩的 tar 文件解压到 <filename>/usr/src</"
"filename> 目录内(注意模块必须位于它们所应处的位置，即 <filename>/usr/src/"
"modules</filename>)。然后，以 root 身份执行 <userinput>make-kpkg "
"modules_image</userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:421
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once the compilation is complete, you can install your custom kernel like "
"any package. As root, do <userinput>dpkg -i ../kernel-image-&kernelversion;-"
"<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb</"
"userinput>. The <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable> part is an "
"optional sub-architecture, <phrase arch=\"i386\"> such as <quote>i586</"
"quote>, </phrase> depending on what kernel options you set. <userinput>dpkg -"
"i kernel-image...</userinput> will install the kernel, along with some other "
"nice supporting files. For instance, the <filename>System.map</filename> "
"will be properly installed (helpful for debugging kernel problems), and "
"<filename>/boot/config-&kernelversion;</filename> will be installed, "
"containing your current configuration set. Your new <classname>kernel-image-"
"&kernelversion;</classname> package is also clever enough to automatically "
"use your platform's boot-loader to run an update on the booting, allowing "
"you to boot without re-running the boot loader. If you have created a "
"modules package, e.g., if you have PCMCIA, you'll need to install that "
"package as well."
msgstr ""
"一旦编译完成，您就可以像安装其它软件包一样安装您的内核。以 root 身份，执行 "
"<userinput>dpkg -i ../kernel-image-&kernelversion;-"
"<replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable>_custom.1.0_&architecture;.deb</"
"userinput>。其中 <replaceable>subarchitecture</replaceable> 部分是一个可选的"
"子结构，<phrase arch=\"i386\"> 例如 <quote>i586</quote>, </phrase> 这取决于您"
"所设置的内核选项。<userinput>dpkg -i kernel-image...</userinput> 将安装内核以"
"及其它的一些支持文件。例如 <filename>System.map</filename> 可能会被安装 (用来"
"辅助调试内核问题)，<filename>/boot/config-&kernelversion;</filename> 也将被安"
"装，它包含了您当前的配置。新的 <classname>kernel-image-&kernelversion;</"
"classname> 软件包将会自动地使用您的系统上的启动引导器来更新引导区，因此您不必"
"重新运行启动引导器即可引导系统。如果您创建了一个模块软件包，例如 PCMCIA，您也"
"必须同时安装该软件包。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:442
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is time to reboot the system: read carefully any warning that the above "
"step may have produced, then <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput>."
msgstr ""
"下面到了重启系统的时刻了；请仔细阅读前述步骤所产生的所有警告信息，然后执行 "
"<userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput>。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:447
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more information on <classname>kernel-package</classname>, read the fine "
"documentation in <filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>."
msgstr ""
"欲获得关于 <classname>kernel-package</classname> 的更多信息，请参阅 "
"<filename>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package</filename>。"

#. Tag: title
#: post-install.xml:461
#, no-c-format
msgid "Recovering a Broken System"
msgstr "修复损坏的系统"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:462
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes, things go wrong, and the system you've carefully installed is no "
"longer bootable. Perhaps the boot loader configuration broke while trying "
"out a change, or perhaps a new kernel you installed won't boot, or perhaps "
"cosmic rays hit your disk and flipped a bit in <filename>/sbin/init</"
"filename>. Regardless of the cause, you'll need to have a system to work "
"from while you fix it, and rescue mode can be useful for this."
msgstr ""
"有时候，会遇到一些麻烦，您小心翼翼安装的系统无法启动。可能是由于调整启动加载"
"程序时损坏了配置文件，\n"
"或者新准备的内核无法启动，或者宇宙射线撞击了您的硬盘造成 <filename>/sbin/"
"init</filename>\n"
"中的一位反转。无论什么原因，修复时您都需要一个可以工作的系统，rescue 模式正好"
"用于此目的。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:472
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To access rescue mode, type <userinput>rescue</userinput> at the "
"<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, or boot with the <userinput>rescue/"
"enable=true</userinput> boot parameter. You'll be shown the first few "
"screens of the installer, with a note in the corner of the display to "
"indicate that this is rescue mode, not a full installation. Don't worry, "
"your system is not about to be overwritten! Rescue mode simply takes "
"advantage of the hardware detection facilities available in the installer to "
"ensure that your disks, network devices, and so on are available to you "
"while repairing your system."
msgstr ""
"要进入 rescue 模式，请再 <prompt>boot:</prompt> 提示符后键入 "
"<userinput>rescue</userinput>，\n"
"或者启动时给给引导参数加上 <userinput>rescue/enable=true</userinput>。\n"
"您会看到安装程序的前几个画面，并再显示器的角落里面提示处于 rescue 模式，而不"
"是完整安装。\n"
"别担心，您的系统不会被覆盖! rescue 模式只是借助安装程序强大的硬件探测能力，确"
"保修复系统的时候\n"
"硬盘，网络设备等等可以使用。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:487
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Instead of the partitioning tool, you should now be presented with a list of "
"the partitions on your system, and asked to select one of them. Normally, "
"you should select the partition containing the root file system that you "
"need to repair. You may select partitions on RAID and LVM devices as well as "
"those created directly on disks."
msgstr ""
"取代分区工具的，是显示您系统上的分区列表，并请您选择。通常，您应该选择修复包"
"含 root 文件系统的分区。\n"
"您也可以选择 RAID 和 LVM 设备上的分区，与直接在磁盘上创建一样。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:495
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If possible, the installer will now present you with a shell prompt in the "
"file system you selected, which you can use to perform any necessary "
"repairs. <phrase arch=\"i386\"> For example, if you need to reinstall the "
"GRUB boot loader into the master boot record of the first hard disk, you "
"could enter the command <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput> to do "
"so. </phrase>"
msgstr ""
"如可能，安装程序将在您选择的文件系统上给您一个 shell 提示符，通过它可以执行一"
"些必要的修复操作。\n"
"<phrase arch=\"i386\">例如，如果您需要在第一个硬盘的主引导区重装 GRUB 引导程"
"序，\n"
"您可以通过输入这个命令 <userinput>grub-install '(hd0)'</userinput>。</phrase>"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:507
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the installer cannot run a usable shell in the root file system you "
"selected, perhaps because the file system is corrupt, then it will issue a "
"warning and offer to give you a shell in the installer environment instead. "
"You may not have as many tools available in this environment, but they will "
"often be enough to repair your system anyway. The root file system you "
"selected will be mounted on the <filename>/target</filename> directory."
msgstr ""
"假如安装程序在您选择的 root 文件系统上不能运行一个可用的 shell，这可能是因为"
"文件系统已经损坏，\n"
"那么将发出警告，并通过安装程序的环境提供一个 shell。您在这个环境下可能没有丰"
"富的工具可用，\n"
"但足以应付系统修复工作。您选择的 root 文件系统将挂载到 <filename>/target</"
"filename> 目录。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:516
#, no-c-format
msgid "In either case, after you exit the shell, the system will reboot."
msgstr "无论哪种情况，退出 shell 之后，系统将重启。"

#. Tag: para
#: post-install.xml:520
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Finally, note that repairing broken systems can be difficult, and this "
"manual does not attempt to go into all the things that might have gone wrong "
"or how to fix them. If you have problems, consult an expert."
msgstr ""
"最后，要注意修复一个损坏的系统可能非常困难，在这份手册里面不会列举所有的情况"
"和修复方法。\n"
"如果您遇到困难，请咨询专家。"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you are new to Unix, you probably should go out and buy some books and "
#~ "do some reading. The <ulink url=\"ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news."
#~ "answers/unix-faq/faq/\"> Unix FAQ</ulink> contains a number of references "
#~ "to books and Usenet news groups which should help you out. You can also "
#~ "take a look at the <ulink url=\"http://www.camelcity.com/~noel/usenet/"
#~ "cuuf-FAQ.htm\"> User-Friendly Unix FAQ</ulink>."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "如果您不熟悉 Unix，您也许应该出去买些书并读些书。<ulink url=\"ftp://rtfm."
#~ "mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/faq/\"> Unix 常见问题解答</"
#~ "ulink> 中包含了大量的参考书以及 Usenet 新闻组，可能会对您有所帮助。您也可"
#~ "以看看 <ulink url=\"http://www.camelcity.com/~noel/usenet/cuuf-FAQ.htm\"> "
#~ "易用的 Unix 常见问题解答</ulink>。"