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  • Committer: Torsten Spindler
  • Date: 2007-12-03 16:08:26 UTC
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://docbook.org/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<chapter>
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        <title>Introducing Ubuntu</title>
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                <para><emphasis role="strong">Objectives</emphasis></para>
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                                <listitem><para>How Ubuntu ties in with open source</para></listitem>
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                                <listitem><para>How Ubuntu is developed</para></listitem>
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                                <listitem><para>About Ubuntu versions</para></listitem>
 
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                                <listitem><para>The key differences between Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows</para></listitem>
 
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                        </itemizedlist>
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                </para>
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                <sect1>
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                        foundation of Ubuntu. Briefly explain the dictionary meaning of 'open
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                        source' in general and move on to establishing how the open source
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                        ideology developed in the context of Linux. Present this as a story
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                        spread over different phases: Free Software Movement, open source
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                        movement initiation and its formal launch. Carefully weave each of
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                        these phases together by building in smooth transitions. Subsequently, 
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                        explain the Ubuntu release schedule, naming convention and Ubuntu promise in detail.
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                        </emphasis></para>
 
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                        spread over different phases: Free Software Movement, Open Source
 
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                        Movement initiation and its formal launch. Explain the Ubuntu release schedule, naming 
 
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                        convention and Ubuntu promise in detail.</emphasis></para>
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                        </instructornote>
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                        <para>Ubuntu is a Linux-based open source operating system. The term 'open
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                        source' can be defined as a set of principles and practices that promotes
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                                enterprises and home users.</para>
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                        </sect2>
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                        </sect1>
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                <sect1>
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                        <title>Features</title>
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                        <para>Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows can be differentiated by many characteristics. The aspects of cost, release cycle, security, customisation and mobility are presented here.</para>
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                        <table>
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                                <title>Difference on the basis of Features</title>
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                                <tgroup cols="3">
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                                <thead>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Feature</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                        </row>
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                                </thead>
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                                <tbody>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Costs</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                <itemizedlist>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Free of licensing charges</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Charges per user license for fixed term</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                        </row>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Versions Released</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                <itemizedlist>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Same version and features for home and professional users</para></listitem>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Six-monthly fully supported free release</para></listitem>
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                                                </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                <itemizedlist>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Increased security for Professional editions Vs. Home editions</para></listitem>
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                                                        <listitem><para>Unpredictable release schedule</para></listitem>
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                                                </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                        </row>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Security</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                        <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Locked administrative user root</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Rarely targeted by malware and viruses (?)</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Enables easy access to administrative
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                                                                user</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Susceptible to malware and viruses (?)</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                        </row>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Customisation</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to design and personalise</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Runs different flavours of Ubuntu in
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                                                                parallel</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Standard OS with limited options to
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                                                                personalise</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Paid for additional applications</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                        </row>
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                                        <row>
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                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Data Storage</emphasis></para></entry>
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                                                <entry><para>
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                                                        <itemizedlist>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to upgrade and downgrade</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>User data stored in home directory</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to migrate and replicate user data and
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                                                                configuration to another computer</para></listitem>
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                                                                </itemizedlist>
235
 
                                                </para></entry>
236
 
                                                <entry><para>
237
 
                                                        <itemizedlist>
238
 
                                                                <listitem><para>User data saved in multiple
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                                                                locations</para></listitem>
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                                                                <listitem><para>Difficult to backup and migrate
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                                                                to computer</para></listitem>
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                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                </para></entry>
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                                        </row>
245
 
                                </tbody>
246
 
                                </tgroup>
247
 
                </table>
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                        <para>Looking at each element outlined in the table in greater detail:</para>
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                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Associated Costs</emphasis></para>
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                        <para>The Microsoft Windows OS is expensive and proprietary, with prices increasing
251
 
                        with added functionality and applications. Not only are customers paying for Microsoft
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                        applications but often additional third party, closed source products as well. If you
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                        select Ubuntu as the OS, you do not have to pay anything because it is free of software
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                        licensing charges and grants you all the rights associated with software freedom.</para>
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                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Cost Comparison</emphasis></title>
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                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
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                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_001.png" format="PNG"/>
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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
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                        </figure>
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                        <para><emphasis role="strong">New version releases</emphasis></para>
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                        <para>There is only one released version of Ubuntu and therefore features available
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                        to home and professional users are the same. On the other hand, the Home and Professional editions of
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                        Microsoft Windows are not the same. For example, Microsoft Windows Professional editions have
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                        more security features than Home editions.</para>
265
 
                        <para>New versions of Microsoft Windows are also few and far between. Users waited
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                        more than five years between Microsoft Windows XP and Vista. In the mean-time, new versions of Ubuntu
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                        are released every six months, making it very quick for users to have access to all the latest
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                        applications. An upgrade from one release to the next is free and fully supported.</para>
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                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Security aspects</emphasis></para>
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                        <para>Ubuntu is rarely targeted by malware and viruses. By default the administrative
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                        user root is locked in Ubuntu and only certain tasks are run with administrative
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                        privileges. Microsoft Windows on the other hand provides an environment where people
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                        easily access administrative user directly.</para>
275
 
                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Ubuntu Security</emphasis></title>
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                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
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                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_003.png" format="PNG"/>
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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
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                        </figure>
280
 
                        
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                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Customisation</emphasis></para>
282
 
                        <para>As you will discover throughout this course, Ubuntu desktop is yours to design
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                        and personalise. You can have different flavours of Ubuntu running parallel, for
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                        example, you can install the Kubuntu (KDE) desktop together with Ubuntu (GNOME) and then
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                        select the desktop environment you want to use. All flavours of Ubuntu share the same
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                        software repositories and applications. More than 17000 packages are available and easily accessible through the Internet. As a result, you are not stuck with using one version because it was the first you installed.</para>
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                        <para>Microsoft Windows on the other hand provides standard OS with few options
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                        for customization. While many applications are available, most are proprietary software which incur a license fee.</para>
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                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Desktop Customisation</emphasis></title>
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                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
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                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_004.png" format="PNG"/>
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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
293
 
                        </figure>
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                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Data Storage</emphasis></para>
296
 
                        <para>User data is often scattered in multiple locations on Microsoft Windows,
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                        which makes backing up and migrating from one computer to another difficult.
298
 
                        Ubuntu saves user information in one place - the home directory. This makes the migration of data from an old computer to a new
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                        one easy, as well as keeping user specific backup data separate.</para>
300
 
                        <para>If Ubuntu was installed with user home directories on a separate partition,
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                        then it is easy to migrate from one version of Ubuntu to another - even downgrade
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                        - with no danger of data loss. In addition, with Ubuntu it's possible to easily
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                        copy a user's home directory from one computer to another which will replicate all
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                   user data and application configuration in one go.</para>
305
 
                        <sect2>
306
 
                                <title>Installation</title>
307
 
                                <table>
308
 
                                <title>Key Differences</title>
309
 
                                        <tgroup cols="3">
310
 
                                                <thead>
311
 
                                                        <row>
312
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
313
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
314
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
315
 
                                                        </row>
316
 
                                                </thead>
317
 
                                                <tbody>
318
 
                                                        <row>
319
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
320
 
                                                                <entry><para>
321
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
322
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Freely downloadable from the Internet or using
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                                                                                a free CD</para></listitem>
324
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>OS can be used directly from the
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                                                                                live-CD</para></listitem>
326
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
327
 
                                                                </para></entry>
328
 
                                                                <entry><para>
329
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
330
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Needs to be purchased</para></listitem>
331
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Has to be installed on computer harddrive</para></listitem>
332
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
333
 
                                                                </para></entry>
334
 
                                                        </row>
335
 
                                                        <row>
336
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Software Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
337
 
                                                                <entry><para>
338
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
339
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Variety of applications are available by
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                                                                                default</para></listitem>
341
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Allows users to add software using the
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                                                                                Add/Remove Applications</para></listitem>
343
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Many freely downloadable from the Internet.</para></listitem>
344
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
345
 
                                                                </para></entry>
346
 
                                                                <entry><para>
347
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
348
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Limited selection of software available
349
 
                                                                                by default</para></listitem>
350
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Additional software needs to be
351
 
                                                                                purchased</para></listitem>
352
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Users can purchase and download
353
 
                                                                                software online</para></listitem>
354
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
355
 
                                                                </para></entry>
356
 
                                                        </row>
357
 
                                                </tbody>
358
 
                                        </tgroup>
359
 
                                </table>
360
 
                                <itemizedlist>
361
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Installation</emphasis></para>
362
 
                                                <para>Both Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu come as pre-installed OSs on computers.
363
 
                                                However, to install after purchase, Ubuntu can be freely downloaded from the
364
 
                                                Internet or a free CD can be requested. Any Microsoft Windows version
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                                                will need to be purchased.</para>
366
 
                                                <para>Ubuntu comes in live-CD mode which means you can use the OS directly from
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                                                the CD without installing it on a host computer. If you like what you see, install it. If you don't,
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                                                pass it on to a friend. The live-CD option is also useful for system recovery.</para>
369
 
                                                <para>The installation of Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu is easy and conducted by running
370
 
                                                the installation CD and booting the computer. While in Microsoft Windows the installer starts
371
 
                                                right away, Ubuntu presents you with the option to explore it via a live-CD. On
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                                                the Ubuntu live-CD desktop the installer can be started and after answering seven
373
 
                                                questions, Ubuntu will be installed. Both installations vary in length according
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                                                to the computer specifications.</para>
375
 
                                                <para>In both OSs, you can select disk partitioning schemes for an existing disk
376
 
                                                and manually edit partitions. Therefore, you can install Ubuntu on a computer on
377
 
                                                which Microsoft Windows XP is already installed. Ubuntu Migration Assistant
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                                                imports your files and documents from your XP installation. The Internet Explorer
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                                                (IE) settings, wallpapers, user avatars and contents of the My Documents, Music and Pictures
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                                                folders can also be imported using this application.</para>
381
 
                                                </listitem>
382
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Software Installation</emphasis></para>
383
 
                                        <para>You can add software on Ubuntu by using the Add/Remove Applications and
384
 
                                        Synaptic Package Manager. The Add/Remove Applications allows you to search the
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                                        entire directory of free applications. These applications are recommended for
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                                        Ubuntu, and you can install them with little effort. Compare this with Vista's
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                                        Digital Locker feature that allows users to purchase software online and download
388
 
                                        it in a protected manner.</para>
389
 
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Installing Software Applications</emphasis></title>
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                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
391
 
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_006.png" format="PNG"/>
392
 
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
393
 
                                        </figure>
394
 
                                        </listitem>
395
 
                                </itemizedlist>
396
 
                        </sect2>
397
 
                        <sect2>
398
 
                                <title>Applications</title>
399
 
                                <para>The table below displays a comparison between Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows applications:</para>
400
 
                                <table>
401
 
                                <title>Application Based Differences</title>
402
 
                                        <tgroup cols="3">
403
 
                                                <thead>
404
 
                                                        <row>
405
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis></para></entry>
406
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
407
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
408
 
                                                        </row>
409
 
                                                </thead>
410
 
                                                <tbody>
411
 
                                                        <row>
412
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Networking, Web browsing and
413
 
                                                                E-mail</emphasis></para></entry>
414
 
                                                                <entry><para>
415
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
416
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Firefox Web browser by default</para></listitem>
417
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Evolution e-mail client by default</para></listitem>
418
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
419
 
                                                                </para></entry>
420
 
                                                                <entry><para>
421
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
422
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Internet Explorer Web browser by default</para></listitem>
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                                                                                <listitem><para>Outlook e-mail client by default</para></listitem>
424
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
425
 
                                                                </para></entry>
426
 
                                                        </row>
427
 
                                                        <row>
428
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Word Processing</emphasis></para></entry>
429
 
                                                                <entry><para>
430
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
431
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>OpenOffice.org suite</para></listitem>
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433
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
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                                                                </para></entry>
435
 
                                                                <entry><para>
436
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
437
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>WordPad by default</para></listitem>
438
 
                                                                
439
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
440
 
                                                                </para></entry>
441
 
                                                        </row>
442
 
                                                        <row>
443
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Multimedia</emphasis></para></entry>
444
 
                                                                <entry><para>
445
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
446
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Includes several default multimedia programs,
447
 
                                                                                such as Sound Juicer, Rythmbox, Serpentine, Movie Player and
448
 
                                                                                Sound Recorder</para></listitem>
449
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
450
 
                                                                </para></entry>
451
 
                                                                <entry><para>
452
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
453
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Includes Microsoft Windows Media Player
454
 
                                                                                11 (WMP) and Microsoft Windows Media Center (WMC)</para></listitem>
455
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
456
 
                                                                </para></entry>
457
 
                                                        </row>
458
 
                                                        <row>
459
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Image Editing and Picture
460
 
                                                                Management</emphasis></para></entry>
461
 
                                                                <entry><para>
462
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
463
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>F-Spot photo manager</para></listitem>
464
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Gimp for image editing</para></listitem>
465
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
466
 
                                                                </para></entry>
467
 
                                                                <entry><para>
468
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
469
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Picture Gallery application </para></listitem>
470
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Paint</para></listitem>
471
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
472
 
                                                                </para></entry>
473
 
                                                        </row>
474
 
                                                        <row>
475
 
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Backup/Restore</emphasis></para></entry>
476
 
                                                                <entry><para>
477
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
478
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Provides Konserve to backup a directory in the
479
 
                                                                                form of an industry standard compressed archive</para></listitem>
480
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Allows setting up multiple backup profiles and
481
 
                                                                                executing them on schedule or demand</para></listitem>
482
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
483
 
                                                                </para></entry>
484
 
                                                                <entry><para>
485
 
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
486
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Provides a backup tool to backup files of a
487
 
                                                                                specific type only</para></listitem>
488
 
                                                                                <listitem><para>Requires booting the Vista CD and plug in
489
 
                                                                                whatever media you backed up the data to</para></listitem>
490
 
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
491
 
                                                                </para></entry>
492
 
                                                        </row>
493
 
                                                </tbody>
494
 
                                        </tgroup>
495
 
                                </table>
496
 
 
497
 
                                <para>Looking at each element outlined in the table in greater detail:</para>
498
 
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Networking, Web browsing and
499
 
                                        E-mail</emphasis></para>
500
 
                                        <para>Network setup on both Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows is easy. Web
501
 
                                        browsing features are relatively the same on both OSs.</para>
502
 
                                        <para>Mozilla Firefox is loaded as the default browser on Ubuntu, and
503
 
                                        Internet Explorer is the default browser on Vista. You can also install Firefox on
504
 
                                        Microsoft Windows.</para>
505
 
                                        <para>Evolution is the default e-mail client on Ubuntu. It connects
506
 
                                        to POP accounts, conventional UNIX mailboxes and Exchange servers
507
 
                                        via Outlook Web Access. Evolution also has a built-in Personal
508
 
                                        Information Manager (PIM) and a calendaring and appointment system.
509
 
                                        The Microsoft Windows Mail application in Vista is a rewritten
510
 
                                        version of Outlook Express, with a stripped down calendar or appointment
511
 
                                        application, Microsoft Windows Calendar. An upgrade to Outlook is suggested if you
512
 
                                        use the calendar often or if you have a full PIM. An Ubuntu user is able
513
 
                                        to use a full-feature e-mail application from the start. Ubuntu users
514
 
                                        enjoy the out-of-the-box mail client setup facility.</para>
515
 
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Evolution E-mail Client</emphasis></title>
516
 
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
517
 
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_008.png" format="PNG"/>
518
 
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
519
 
                                        </figure>
520
 
                                                                
521
 
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Word Processing</emphasis></para>
522
 
                                        <para>The OpenOffice.org suite is installed on Ubuntu by default and
523
 
                                        provides many features of Microsoft Office but is free and open sourced software.</para>
524
 
                                        <para>Vista comes with WordPad, a simple word-processing program that has not
525
 
                                        been significantly modified for years. Microsoft offers the full version of
526
 
                                        Microsoft Word (or Office) for Microsoft Windows, but this is an additional cost.</para>
527
 
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">OpenOffice.org Writer</emphasis></title>
528
 
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
529
 
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_009.png" format="PNG"/>
530
 
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
531
 
                                        </figure>
532
 
                                        
533
 
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Multimedia</emphasis></para>
534
 
                                        <para>Several multimedia programs are configured by default on Ubuntu,
535
 
                                        such as Sound Juicer, Rythmbox, Serpentine, Movie Player and Sound
536
 
                                        Recorder. Sound Juicer is the default application for playing audio
537
 
                                        CDs; it can rip audio tracks from CDs to your home directory. If you
538
 
                                        plug-in an iPod on Ubuntu, Rhythmbox organises music and creates
539
 
                                        playlists for you.  This is similar to Microsoft Windows Media Player. You can use
540
 
                                        Serpentine to author audio CDs. </para>
541
 
                                        <para>To play the mp3 format on Ubuntu, you need to install a codec pack. This is because Ubuntu is not distributed with mp3 codecs due to licensing restrictions. Playback of mp3 files is enabled by default on some versions of Microsoft Windows, but not on all versions.</para>
542
 
                                        <para>Vista has two multimedia programmes, WMP11 and WMC. WMP is best
543
 
                                        for playing music, and WMC is useful if you are using the computer as
544
 
                                        the centre of your entertainment system. WMP can contain a large music
545
 
                                        library. With the index search system of WMP, you can search music
546
 
                                        numbers by a particular artist or search for specific numbers. WMP can
547
 
                                        rip to Microsoft's own formats such as WMA, WAV or MP3. The patent-free
548
 
                                        AAc and OGG Vorbis formats are not supported for ripping.</para>
549
 
                                        
550
 
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Image Editing and Picture
551
 
                                        Management</emphasis></para>
552
 
                                        <para>With the Picture Gallery application of Microsoft Vista, you can
553
 
                                        upload thousands of images and add tags. You can also organise the images
554
 
                                        quickly and work on them easily because you can tag them with one click.
555
 
                                        Ubuntu's F-Spot photo manager organises your personal photos on Ubuntu.
556
 
                                        It integrates seamlessly with popular Web based image databases, such as
557
 
                                        Flickr and Picasa Web.</para>
558
 
                                        <para>Ubuntu provides Gimp for image editing which is a powerful Photoshop-like application. 
559
 
                                        Microsoft Windows Vista provides 'Paint' which offers basic image editing capabilities.</para>
560
 
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">GIMP</emphasis></title>
561
 
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
562
 
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_010.png" format="PNG"/>
563
 
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
564
 
                                        </figure>
565
 
                                        
566
 
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Backup/Restore</emphasis></para>
567
 
                                        <para>It is always advisable to backup your data. There are different
568
 
                                        ways in which Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows Vista handle the backup process.</para>
569
 
                                        <para>Ubuntu provides several backup tools as part of its software
570
 
                                        library. Vista also has a native file-and-whole-system backup tool. The
571
 
                                        easiest way to create a backup on Ubuntu is to select the directory to
572
 
                                        be saved from the file browser and select create archive and then store
573
 
                                        this archive on a backup media. Additionally dedicated backup tools exist,
574
 
                                        such as HUBackup that specialized on creating backups for a home user's
575
 
                                        files.</para>
576
 
                                        <para>The backup tool for Vista is not as flexible when it comes to
577
 
                                        defining backup sets. You can backup files of a specific type but not
578
 
                                        everything on your computer's hard disk. Vista now has a feature of
579
 
                                        full-system backup and restore utility. When using this feature, you
580
 
                                        need to boot the Vista CD and plug in whatever media you backed up
581
 
                                        the data to.</para>
582
 
                                                                        
583
 
                        </sect2>
584
 
                </sect1>                
 
153
                
585
154
                <sect1>         
586
155
                        <title>About Ubuntu</title>
587
156
                        <instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title><para><emphasis role="italic">The focus of this topic is to make the students
590
159
                        </instructornote>
591
160
                        <para>Ubuntu is a community developed, Linux-based operating system
592
161
                        that is perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. It contains all the
593
 
                        applications you need - a Web browser, presentation, document and
594
 
                        spreadsheet software, instant messaging and many more.</para>
 
162
                        applications you need - including a Web browser, presentation, document and
 
163
                        spreadsheet software, instant messaging and much more.</para>
595
164
                        <tip><title><emphasis role="strong">Nice to Know:</emphasis></title>
596
 
                        <para>Ubuntu derives its name from a South African saying, 'Umuntu
597
 
                        ngumuntu ngamuntu', which means humanity towards others.</para></tip>
598
 
                        <para>The history of Ubuntu dates back to 2004 when Mark Shuttleworth
 
165
                        <para>Ubuntu is an African word meaning 'Humanity to others', or 'I am what I am because of who we all are'.</para></tip>
 
166
                        <para>The history of Ubuntu dates back to April 2004 when Mark Shuttleworth
599
167
                        formed a group of open source developers to create a new Linux OS.
600
 
                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">EEEK - picture change</emphasis></title>
 
168
                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Mark Shuttleworth</emphasis></title>
601
169
                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
602
170
                                        <imagedata fileref="images/chapter1_img_04.png" format="PNG" />
603
171
                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
604
172
                        </figure>
605
 
                        Shuttleworth had envisaged an OS that combines the GNOME desktop
606
 
                        and a derivative of Debian. To achieve his vision, he created
607
 
                        Web site <ulink url="http://no-name-yet.com">http://no-name-yet.com</ulink>
608
 
                        and founded the Ubuntu community and project, which is sponsored by
609
 
                        Canonical Ltd.</para>
610
 
                        <para>Ubuntu consists of over 12,000 community members and some estimated 8 million
 
173
                        Based on the principles of time-based releases, a strong Debian foundation, the GNOME desktop, and a strong commitment 
 
174
                        to freedom, this group operated initially under the auspices of http://no-name-yet.com.</para>
 
175
                        <para>Within little over 2 years, Ubuntu has grown to consist over 12,000 community members and some estimated 8 million
611
176
                        users worldwide (as at June 2007).</para>
612
177
                        <instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title><para><emphasis role="italic">If the students are interested to know more
613
178
                        about Mark Shuttleworth, present the following content as a story.</emphasis></para>
644
209
                                <title>Ubuntu Versions</title>
645
210
                                <para>In October 2004, Ubuntu released its first version. A new version of
646
211
                                Ubuntu is released every six months and upgrades to new releases are
647
 
                                free of charge. Its versions are named using the Y.MM (name) scheme,
 
212
                                free of charge. Users are encouraged to upgrade with each new release in 
 
213
                                order to enjoy the latest features and applications. Its versions are named using the Y.MM (name) scheme,
648
214
                                where Y indicates the year and MM refers to the month of release. The
649
215
                                name in brackets is a code name given to the version pre-release.</para>
650
216
                                <para>Each release is supported for 18 months; Long Term Support
663
229
                                <tip><title><emphasis role="strong">Nice to Know:</emphasis></title>
664
230
                                <para>The early testing community of version 4.10 was called the Sounder,
665
231
                                named after the collective noun for warthogs. The Sounder mailing list
666
 
                                continues today as an open discussion forum for the community.</para></tip>
 
232
                                continues today as an open discussion forum for the community. Supported until April 2006.</para></tip>
667
233
                                        </listitem>
668
234
                                        <listitem>
669
235
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)</emphasis></para>
670
 
                                <para>Ubuntu 5.04 was the second release of Ubuntu in April 2005.</para>
 
236
                                <para>Ubuntu 5.04 was the second release of Ubuntu in April 2005. Supported until October 2006.</para>
671
237
                                        </listitem>
672
238
                                        <listitem>
673
239
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)</emphasis></para>
674
 
                                <para>Ubuntu 5.10 was the third release of Ubuntu in October 2005.</para>
 
240
                                <para>Ubuntu 5.10 was the third release of Ubuntu in October 2005. Supported until April 2007.</para>
675
241
                                        </listitem>
676
242
                                        <listitem>
677
243
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)</emphasis></para>
679
245
                                one with Long Term Support (LTS); it was released in June 2006.
680
246
                                Long-term support version refers to guaranteed three years of support on the
681
247
                                desktop and five years on the server. All other releases are provided with 18
682
 
                                month support for desktops and servers.</para>
 
248
                                month support for desktops and servers. The extended support period provides reassurance and makes it easier
 
249
                                and more practical for large deployments of Ubuntu. for Desktops supported until June 2009; servers supported until June 2011.</para>
683
250
                                        </listitem>
684
251
                                        <listitem>
685
252
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)</emphasis></para>
686
 
                                <para>Ubuntu 6.10 was the fifth release of Ubuntu in October 2006. This version guarantees a robust boot process.</para>
 
253
                                <para>Ubuntu 6.10 was the fifth release of Ubuntu in October 2006. This version guarantees a robust boot process.
 
254
                                Supported until April 2007.</para>
687
255
                                        </listitem>
688
256
                                        <listitem>
689
257
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)</emphasis></para>
690
 
                                <para>Ubuntu 7.04 was released in April 2007.  This version introduced dramatic improvements to network roaming.</para>
 
258
                                <para>Ubuntu 7.04 was released in April 2007.  This version introduced dramatic improvements to network roaming. Supported
 
259
                                until October 2008.</para>
691
260
                                        </listitem>
692
261
                                        <listitem>
693
262
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)</emphasis></para>
694
263
                                <para>The seventh iteration of Ubuntu was released in October
695
264
                                2007. The key features of this version are spectacular visual effects
696
265
                                by default, fast user switching for people using shared machines,
697
 
                                printer auto-detection and easier desktop file searching and tracking.</para>
 
266
                                printer auto-detection and easier desktop file searching and tracking. Supported until April 2009.</para>
698
267
                                        </listitem>
699
268
                                        <listitem>
700
269
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)</emphasis></para>
701
270
                                <para>The eighth release of Ubuntu is planned for
702
 
                                April 2008 and will form the second long term support release of Ubuntu.</para>
 
271
                                April 2008 and will form the second Long Term Support release of Ubuntu. Desktops will be supported until April 2011; Servers supported
 
272
                                until April 2013.</para>
703
273
                                        </listitem>
704
274
                                </itemizedlist>
705
275
                        </sect2>
729
299
                                and the mailing lists of Ubuntu. There are lots of ways and means for you to
730
300
                                get involved! The following graphic shows ways in which users can contribute
731
301
                                to the Ubuntu community.</para>
732
 
                                <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Ubuntu Community</emphasis></title>
733
 
                                        <mediaobject><imageobject>
734
 
                                                <imagedata fileref="images/chapter1_img_06.png" format="PNG" />
735
 
                                        </imageobject></mediaobject>
736
 
                                </figure>
737
302
                                <para><emphasis role="strong">Developer Zone</emphasis></para>
738
303
                                <para>The developer zone comprises developers who create and package software,
739
304
                                fix bugs and maintain Ubuntu. They are responsible for ensuring that Ubuntu operates smoothly.</para>
799
364
                                installation over the Internet. It is easy to install these packages because
800
365
                                they are specially built for Ubuntu. Ubuntu repositories are categorised into
801
366
                                four groups based on the level of support provided for their content /
802
 
                                applications and their source code components. These will be covered in more detail in lesson 3, 6 and 7.</para>
803
 
                                <itemizedlist>
804
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Main</emphasis></para></listitem>
805
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Restricted</emphasis></para></listitem>
806
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Universe</emphasis></para></listitem>
807
 
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Multiverse</emphasis></para></listitem>
808
 
                                </itemizedlist>
 
367
                                applications and their source code components. These will be covered in more detail in lessons 3, 6 and 7.</para>
 
368
                        The freedom to improve the programme and release your improvements to the public, so that everyone benefits.
809
369
<instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title><para><emphasis role="italic"> While explaining the software repository categories, demonstrate where the repositories can be found. These repositories can be accessed by clicking System &gt; Administration &gt; Software Sources.</emphasis></para>
810
370
</instructornote>
811
371
                                <note><title><emphasis role="strong">Note:</emphasis></title>
846
406
                                and comply with stated licensing terms. The packages in this component
847
407
                                do not come with any support or security updates. Examples of these
848
408
                                packages include VLC and the Adobe Flash plugin.</para>
849
 
                                <instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title><para><emphasis role="italic">Software from the multiverse component could be
850
 
                                hindered by patents or other forms of restriction on usage and distribution.
 
409
                                <instructornote><title>Instructor Notes:</title><para><emphasis role="italic">Software from the multiverse 
 
410
                                component could be restricted by patents or other forms of regulation on usage and distribution.
851
411
                                It is the responsibility of the user to determine if the software of question
852
412
                                can be used in its jurisdiction and to comply with local laws.</emphasis></para>
853
413
                </instructornote>
854
414
                                </sect1>
 
415
                                
 
416
                                        <sect1>
 
417
                        <title>Ubuntu Vs Microsoft Windows: Key Differences</title>
 
418
                        <para>Open source differs from the proprietary software model in that it:</para>
 
419
                                <itemizedlist>
 
420
                                                <listitem><para>Encourages customisation and variation as opposed to a one size fits many approach.</para></listitem>
 
421
                                                <listitem><para>Relies on a 'services attached' business model rather than per license and seat basis.</para></listitem>
 
422
                                                <listitem><para>Believes that the benefits of collaboration and multi-developer contribution outweigh those of 
 
423
                                                controlled project work of smaller paid developer teams.</para></listitem>
 
424
                                </itemizedlist>
 
425
                        <para>Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows can be differentiated by many characteristics. Elements of cost, release cycle, security, customisation and mobility are presented here.</para>
 
426
                        <table>
 
427
                                <title>Key Attributes</title>
 
428
                                <tgroup cols="3">
 
429
                                <thead>
 
430
                                        <row>
 
431
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Attribute</emphasis></para></entry>
 
432
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
 
433
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
 
434
                                        </row>
 
435
                                </thead>
 
436
                                <tbody>
 
437
                                        <row>
 
438
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Costs</emphasis></para></entry>
 
439
                                                <entry><para>
 
440
                                                <itemizedlist>
 
441
                                                        <listitem><para>Free of licensing charges</para></listitem>
 
442
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
443
                                                </para></entry>
 
444
                                                <entry><para>
 
445
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
446
                                                        <listitem><para>Charges per user license for fixed term</para></listitem>
 
447
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
448
                                                </para></entry>
 
449
                                        </row>
 
450
                                        <row>
 
451
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Versions Released</emphasis></para></entry>
 
452
                                                <entry><para>
 
453
                                                <itemizedlist>
 
454
                                                        <listitem><para>Same version and features for home and professional users</para></listitem>
 
455
                                                        <listitem><para>Six-monthly fully supported free release</para></listitem>
 
456
                                                </itemizedlist>
 
457
                                                </para></entry>
 
458
                                                <entry><para>
 
459
                                                <itemizedlist>
 
460
                                                        <listitem><para>Increased security for Professional editions Vs. Home editions</para></listitem>
 
461
                                                        <listitem><para>Unpredictable release schedule</para></listitem>
 
462
                                                </itemizedlist>
 
463
                                                </para></entry>
 
464
                                        </row>
 
465
                                        <row>
 
466
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Security</emphasis></para></entry>
 
467
                                                        <entry><para>
 
468
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
469
                                                                <listitem><para>Locked administrative user root</para></listitem>
 
470
                                                                <listitem><para>Rarely targeted by malware and viruses (?)</para></listitem>
 
471
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
472
                                                </para></entry>
 
473
                                                <entry><para>
 
474
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
475
                                                                <listitem><para>Enables easy access to administrative
 
476
                                                                user</para></listitem>
 
477
                                                                <listitem><para>Susceptible to malware and viruses (?)</para></listitem>
 
478
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
479
                                                </para></entry>
 
480
                                        </row>
 
481
                                        <row>
 
482
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Customisation</emphasis></para></entry>
 
483
                                                <entry><para>
 
484
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
485
                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to design and personalise</para></listitem>
 
486
                                                                <listitem><para>Runs different flavours of Ubuntu in
 
487
                                                                parallel</para></listitem>
 
488
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
489
                                                </para></entry>
 
490
                                                <entry><para>
 
491
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
492
                                                                <listitem><para>Standard OS with limited options to
 
493
                                                                personalise</para></listitem>
 
494
                                                                <listitem><para>Paid for additional applications</para></listitem>
 
495
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
496
                                                </para></entry>
 
497
                                        </row>
 
498
                                        <row>
 
499
                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Data Storage</emphasis></para></entry>
 
500
                                                <entry><para>
 
501
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
502
                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to upgrade and downgrade</para></listitem>
 
503
                                                                <listitem><para>User data stored in home directory</para></listitem>
 
504
                                                                <listitem><para>Easy to migrate and replicate user data and
 
505
                                                                configuration to another computer</para></listitem>
 
506
                                                                </itemizedlist>
 
507
                                                </para></entry>
 
508
                                                <entry><para>
 
509
                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
510
                                                                <listitem><para>User data saved in multiple
 
511
                                                                locations</para></listitem>
 
512
                                                                <listitem><para>Difficult to backup and migrate
 
513
                                                                to computer</para></listitem>
 
514
                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
515
                                                </para></entry>
 
516
                                        </row>
 
517
                                </tbody>
 
518
                                </tgroup>
 
519
                </table>
 
520
                        <para>Looking at each element outlined in the table in greater detail:</para>
 
521
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Associated Costs:</emphasis>
 
522
                        The Microsoft Windows OS is proprietary and price does increase with added functionality and applications. The 
 
523
                        associated price is sometimes a factor of using third party applications and not just a Microsoft decision. With Ubuntu 
 
524
                        new release versions and applications are free.</para>
 
525
                        
 
526
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">New version releases:</emphasis>
 
527
                        There is only one released version of Ubuntu and therefore features available
 
528
                        to home and professional users are the same. The Home and Professional editions of
 
529
                        Microsoft Windows are not the same. For example, Microsoft Windows Professional editions have
 
530
                        more security features than Home editions.</para>
 
531
                        <para>Ubuntu's 6 monthly release cycle also makes it very quick for users to have access to all the latest
 
532
                        applications. An upgrade from one release to the next is free and fully supported. Plans around Microsoft releases
 
533
                        are less frequent and less visible to the public.</para>
 
534
                                
 
535
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Security aspects:</emphasis>
 
536
                        Ubuntu is rarely targeted by malware and viruses. By default the administrative
 
537
                        user root is locked in Ubuntu and only certain tasks are run with administrative
 
538
                        privileges. Microsoft Windows provides an environment where people
 
539
                        access administrative user directly.</para>
 
540
                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Ubuntu Security</emphasis></title>
 
541
                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
542
                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_003.png" format="PNG"/>
 
543
                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
544
                        </figure>
 
545
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Customisation:</emphasis>
 
546
                        As you will discover throughout this course, Ubuntu desktop is yours to design
 
547
                        and personalise. You can have different flavours of Ubuntu running parallel, for
 
548
                        example, you can install the Kubuntu (KDE) desktop together with Ubuntu (GNOME) and then
 
549
                        select the desktop environment you want to use. More than 17000 packages are available and easily accessible through the Internet. As a result, you are not stuck with using one version because it was the first you installed.</para>
 
550
                        <para>Microsoft Windows is a standard OS with some options
 
551
                        for customization. While many applications are available, most are proprietary software which incur a license fee.</para>
 
552
                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Desktop Customisation</emphasis></title>
 
553
                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
554
                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_004.png" format="PNG"/>
 
555
                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
556
                        </figure>
 
557
                        
 
558
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Data Storage:</emphasis>
 
559
                        User data is often located in multiple locations in Microsoft Windows,
 
560
                        which makes backing up and migrating from one computer to another sometimes tricky.
 
561
                        Ubuntu saves user information in one place - the home directory. This makes the migration of data from an old computer to a new
 
562
                        one easy, as well as keeping user specific backup data separate.</para>
 
563
                        <sect2>
 
564
                                <title>Installation</title>
 
565
                                <table>
 
566
                                <title>Installation Differences</title>
 
567
                                        <tgroup cols="3">
 
568
                                                <thead>
 
569
                                                        <row>
 
570
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
 
571
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
 
572
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
 
573
                                                        </row>
 
574
                                                </thead>
 
575
                                                <tbody>
 
576
                                                        <row>
 
577
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">OS Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
 
578
                                                                <entry><para>
 
579
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
580
                                                                                <listitem><para>Freely downloadable from the Internet or using
 
581
                                                                                a free CD</para></listitem>
 
582
                                                                                <listitem><para>Can be used directly from the
 
583
                                                                                live-CD</para></listitem>
 
584
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
585
                                                                </para></entry>
 
586
                                                                <entry><para>
 
587
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
588
                                                                                <listitem><para>Purchase required</para></listitem>
 
589
                                                                                <listitem><para>OS must be installed on computer hard drive</para></listitem>
 
590
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
591
                                                                </para></entry>
 
592
                                                        </row>
 
593
                                                        <row>
 
594
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Software Installation</emphasis></para></entry>
 
595
                                                                <entry><para>
 
596
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
597
                                                                                <listitem><para>Variety of applications available by
 
598
                                                                                default</para></listitem>
 
599
                                                                                <listitem><para>Many freely downloadable from the Internet.</para></listitem>
 
600
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
601
                                                                </para></entry>
 
602
                                                                <entry><para>
 
603
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
604
                                                                                <listitem><para>Limited selection of software available
 
605
                                                                                by default</para></listitem>
 
606
                                                                                <listitem><para>Users can purchase and download
 
607
                                                                                software online</para></listitem>
 
608
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
609
                                                                </para></entry>
 
610
                                                        </row>
 
611
                                                </tbody>
 
612
                                        </tgroup>
 
613
                                </table>
 
614
                                <itemizedlist>
 
615
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Installation:</emphasis>
 
616
                                           Both Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu come as pre-installed OSs on computers.
 
617
                                                However, to install post-purchase, Ubuntu can be freely downloaded from the
 
618
                                                Internet or a free CD can be requested. Any Microsoft Windows version
 
619
                                                will need to be purchased.</para>
 
620
                                                <para>Ubuntu comes in live-CD mode which means you can use the OS directly from
 
621
                                                the CD without installing it on a host computer. If you like what you see, install it. If you don't,
 
622
                                                pass it on to a friend. The live-CD option is also useful for system recovery.</para>
 
623
                                                <para>The installation of Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu is easy and conducted by running
 
624
                                                the installation CD and booting the computer.Both installations vary in length according
 
625
                                                </para></listitem>
 
626
                                        <listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Software Installation:</emphasis>
 
627
                                        You can add software on Ubuntu by using the Add/Remove Applications and
 
628
                                        Synaptic Package Manager. The Add/Remove Applications allows you to search the
 
629
                                        entire directory of free applications recommended for Ubuntu. Microsoft Vista's
 
630
                                        Digital Locker feature enables users to purchase software online and download
 
631
                                        it in a protected manner.</para>
 
632
                                        </listitem>
 
633
                                        <listitem>
 
634
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Installing Software Applications</emphasis></title>
 
635
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
636
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_006.png" format="PNG"/>
 
637
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
638
                                        </figure>
 
639
                                 </listitem>
 
640
                                </itemizedlist>
 
641
                        </sect2>
 
642
                        <sect2>
 
643
                                <title>Applications</title>
 
644
                                <para>The table below displays a comparison between Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows applications:</para>
 
645
                                <table>
 
646
                                <title>Application Based Differences</title>
 
647
                                        <tgroup cols="3">
 
648
                                                <thead>
 
649
                                                        <row>
 
650
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Applications</emphasis></para></entry>
 
651
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Ubuntu</emphasis></para></entry>
 
652
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows</emphasis></para></entry>
 
653
                                                        </row>
 
654
                                                </thead>
 
655
                                                <tbody>
 
656
                                                        <row>
 
657
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Web browsing and E-mail</emphasis></para></entry>
 
658
                                                                <entry><para>
 
659
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
660
                                                                                <listitem><para>Firefox Web browser by default</para></listitem>
 
661
                                                                                <listitem><para>Evolution e-mail client by default</para></listitem>
 
662
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
663
                                                                </para></entry>
 
664
                                                                <entry><para>
 
665
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
666
                                                                                <listitem><para>Internet Explorer Web browser by default</para></listitem>
 
667
                                                                                <listitem><para>Outlook e-mail client by default</para></listitem>
 
668
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
669
                                                                </para></entry>
 
670
                                                        </row>
 
671
                                                        <row>
 
672
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Word Processing</emphasis></para></entry>
 
673
                                                                <entry><para>
 
674
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
675
                                                                                <listitem><para>OpenOffice.org suite</para></listitem>
 
676
                                                                                
 
677
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
678
                                                                </para></entry>
 
679
                                                                <entry><para>
 
680
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
681
                                                                                <listitem><para>WordPad by default</para></listitem>
 
682
                                                                
 
683
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
684
                                                                </para></entry>
 
685
                                                        </row>
 
686
                                                        <row>
 
687
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Multimedia</emphasis></para></entry>
 
688
                                                                <entry><para>
 
689
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
690
                                                                                <listitem><para>Includes several default multimedia programmes,
 
691
                                                                                such as Sound Juicer, Rythmbox, Serpentine, Movie Player and
 
692
                                                                                Sound Recorder</para></listitem>
 
693
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
694
                                                                </para></entry>
 
695
                                                                <entry><para>
 
696
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
697
                                                                                <listitem><para>Includes Microsoft Windows Media Player
 
698
                                                                                11 (WMP) and Microsoft Windows Media Center (WMC)</para></listitem>
 
699
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
700
                                                                </para></entry>
 
701
                                                        </row>
 
702
                                                        <row>
 
703
                                                                <entry><para><emphasis role="strong">Image Editing and Picture
 
704
                                                                Management</emphasis></para></entry>
 
705
                                                                <entry><para>
 
706
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
707
                                                                                <listitem><para>F-Spot photo manager</para></listitem>
 
708
                                                                                <listitem><para>Gimp for image editing</para></listitem>
 
709
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
710
                                                                </para></entry>
 
711
                                                                <entry><para>
 
712
                                                                        <itemizedlist>
 
713
                                                                                <listitem><para>Picture Gallery application </para></listitem>
 
714
                                                                                <listitem><para>Paint</para></listitem>
 
715
                                                                        </itemizedlist>
 
716
                                                                </para></entry>
 
717
                                                        </row>
 
718
                                                </tbody>
 
719
                                        </tgroup>
 
720
                                </table>
 
721
 
 
722
                                <para>Looking at each element outlined in the table in greater detail:</para>
 
723
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Networking, Web browsing and
 
724
                                        E-mail</emphasis></para>
 
725
                                        <para>Network setup on both Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows is easy. Web
 
726
                                        browsing features are relatively the same on both OSs.</para>
 
727
                                        <para>Mozilla Firefox is loaded as the default browser on Ubuntu, and
 
728
                                        Internet Explorer is the default browser on Vista. You can also install Firefox on
 
729
                                        Microsoft Windows.</para>
 
730
                                        <para>Evolution is the default e-mail client on Ubuntu. It connects
 
731
                                        to POP accounts, conventional UNIX mailboxes and Exchange servers
 
732
                                        via Outlook Web Access. Evolution also has a built-in Personal
 
733
                                        Information Manager (PIM) and a calendaring and appointment system.
 
734
                                        The Microsoft Windows Mail application in Vista is a rewritten
 
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                                        version of Outlook Express, with a stripped down calendar or appointment
 
736
                                        application, Microsoft Windows Calendar. An upgrade to Outlook is suggested if you
 
737
                                        use the calendar often or if you have a full PIM. Ubuntu users enjoy the out-of-the-box mail client setup facility.</para>
 
738
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">Evolution E-mail Client</emphasis></title>
 
739
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
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                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_008.png" format="PNG"/>
 
741
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
742
                                        </figure>
 
743
                                                                
 
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                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Word Processing:</emphasis>
 
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                                        The OpenOffice.org suite is installed on Ubuntu by default and
 
746
                                        provides many features of Microsoft Office.</para>
 
747
                                        <para>Vista comes with WordPad by default; the full version of Microsoft Word (or Office) for Microsoft Windows,
 
748
                                        is available at an additional cost.</para>
 
749
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">OpenOffice.org Writer</emphasis></title>
 
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                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
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                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_009.png" format="PNG"/>
 
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                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
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                                        </figure>
 
754
                                        
 
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                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Multimedia:</emphasis>
 
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                                        Several multimedia programmes are configured by default on Ubuntu,
 
757
                                        such as Sound Juicer, Rythmbox, Serpentine, Movie Player and Sound
 
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                                        Recorder. Sound Juicer is the default application for playing audio
 
759
                                        CDs. If you plug-in an iPod on Ubuntu, Rhythmbox organises music and creates
 
760
                                        playlists for you.  This is similar to Microsoft Windows Media Player. You can use
 
761
                                        Serpentine to author audio CDs. </para>
 
762
                                        <para>To play the mp3 format on Ubuntu, you need to install a codec pack. This is because 
 
763
                                        Ubuntu is not distributed with mp3 codecs due to licensing restrictions. Playback of mp3 
 
764
                                        files is enabled by default on some versions of Microsoft Windows.</para>
 
765
                                        <para>Vista has two multimedia programmes, WMP11 and WMC. WMP is best
 
766
                                        for playing music, and WMC is useful if you are using the computer as
 
767
                                        your core entertainment system. WMP can contain a large music
 
768
                                        library. With the index search system of WMP, you can search music
 
769
                                        numbers by a particular artist or search for specific numbers.</para>
 
770
                                        
 
771
                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Image Editing and Picture Management:</emphasis>
 
772
                                        With the Picture Gallery application of Microsoft Vista, you can
 
773
                                        upload thousands of images and add tags. You can also organise the images
 
774
                                        quickly and work on them easily because you can tag them with one click.
 
775
                                        F-Spot photo manager organises your personal photos on Ubuntu.
 
776
                                        It integrates seamlessly with popular Web based image databases, such as
 
777
                                        Flickr and Picasa Web.</para>
 
778
                                        <para>Ubuntu provides Gimp for image editing which is a powerful Photoshop-like application. 
 
779
                                        Microsoft Windows Vista provides 'Paint' as its equivalent.</para>
 
780
                                        <figure><title><emphasis role="italic">GIMP</emphasis></title>
 
781
                                                <mediaobject><imageobject>
 
782
                                                        <imagedata fileref="images/Lesson02_images_010.png" format="PNG"/>
 
783
                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>
 
784
                                        </figure>
 
785
                                        
 
786
                                                                                
 
787
                        </sect2>
 
788
                </sect1>        
855
789
                <sect1>
856
790
                        <title>Lesson Summary</title>
857
791
                        <para>In this lesson, you learned:</para>
862
796
                                <listitem><para>How Ubuntu ties in with open source</para></listitem>
863
797
                                <listitem><para>How Ubuntu is developed</para></listitem>
864
798
                                <listitem><para>About Ubuntu versions</para></listitem>
 
799
                                <listitem><para>Key differences between Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows</para></listitem>
865
800
                        </itemizedlist>
866
801
                </sect1>
867
802
                   <questions>
874
809
                        <para>What is meant by the term free software?</para>
875
810
                        <answer>
876
811
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 1</emphasis></para>
877
 
                        <para>Free software is built in an open manner. Anyone can contribute
878
 
                        towards the software development and has access to the source code.</para>
 
812
                        <para>Quoting the Free Software Foundation's 'What is Free Software', the freedoms at the core of free software are defined as:</para>
 
813
                        <itemizedlist>
 
814
                        <listitem><para>The freedom to run the programme, for any purpose.</para></listitem>  
 
815
                        <listitem><para>The freedom to study how the programme works and adapt it to your needs.</para></listitem>    
 
816
           <listitem><para>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others.</para></listitem>    
 
817
                        <listitem><para>The freedom to improve the programme and release your improvements to the public, so that everyone benefits.</para></listitem>
 
818
                        </itemizedlist>
879
819
                        </answer>
880
820
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 2</emphasis></para>
881
821
                        <para>What is the Ubuntu promise?</para>
957
897
                        <para>The three ways in which non-technical users can contribute
958
898
                        towards Ubuntu development are artwork, translation and localisation and
959
899
                        document solutions.</para></answer>
 
900
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 5</emphasis></para>
 
901
                        <para>The default web browser on Ubuntu is _________________.</para>
 
902
                        <answer><para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 5</emphasis></para>
 
903
                        <para>The default web browser on Ubuntu is Mozilla Firefox.</para></answer>
 
904
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 6</emphasis></para>
 
905
                        <para>The default e-mail client on Ubuntu is __________________.</para>
 
906
                        <answer><para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 6</emphasis></para>
 
907
                        <para>The default e-mail client on Ubuntu is Evolution.</para></answer>
 
908
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 7</emphasis></para>
 
909
                        <para>What are the advantages of Ubuntu 6 monthly releases?</para>
 
910
                        <answer><para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 7</emphasis></para>
 
911
                        <para>Quicker upgrade and availability of new applications, as well as improved functionality.</para></answer>
 
912
                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 8</emphasis></para>
 
913
                        <para>The default e-mail client on Ubuntu is __________________.</para>
 
914
                        <answer><para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 8</emphasis></para>
 
915
                        <para>The default e-mail client on Ubuntu is Evolution.</para></answer>
 
916
        
 
917
        
960
918
                </sect1>
961
919
                    </questions>
962
920
</chapter>