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\documentclass{article}
%\url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/q/26866/86}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,decorations}
\usepackage{calligraphy}
\newlength\mtxrowsep
\setlength\mtxrowsep{1.5ex}
\newlength\mtxcolsep
\setlength\mtxcolsep{2\arraycolsep}
\makeatletter
\pgfdeclaredecoration{doubled lineto}{brace}
{
\state{brace}[width=+\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance,next state=final]
{
\pgfsyssoftpath@setcurrentpath{\pgfutil@empty}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointorigin}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{0pt}}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
}
\state{final}{}%
}
\pgfdeclaredecoration{bracket}{brace}
{
\state{brace}[width=+\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance,next state=final]
{
\pgfsyssoftpath@setcurrentpath{\pgfutil@empty}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointorigin}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{0pt}}
}
\state{final}{}%
}
\makeatother
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string\lbrace\endcsname{calligraphic brace}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string(\endcsname{calligraphic curved parenthesis}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string|\endcsname{lineto}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string\|\endcsname{doubled lineto}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string[\endcsname{bracket}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string\rbrace\endcsname{calligraphic brace}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string)\endcsname{calligraphic curved parenthesis}
\expandafter\def\csname delimiter \string]\endcsname{bracket}
\tikzset{
ams/.style={
baseline=-.7ex,
every delimiter/.style={yshift=-1pt},
every left delimiter/.style={xshift=2pt},
every right delimiter/.style={xshift=-2pt},
every node/.style={inner sep=0pt},
execute at end picture={
\path (current bounding box.east) ++(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ams matrix xsep},0) (current bounding box.west) ++(-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ams matrix xsep},0);
},
},
ams matrix xsep/.initial={.5ex},
ams matrix/.style={
inner sep=1pt,
column sep=\mtxcolsep,
row sep=\mtxrowsep,
% ampersand replacement=\&,
matrix of math nodes,
},
ams delimiters/.style args={#1,#2}{
left delimiter={#1},
right delimiter={#2},
},
delimiters/.style args={#1,#2}{
\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/matrix delimiter type} delimiters={{#1},{#2}},
},
matrix delimiter type/.initial={tikz},
tikz delimiter style/.style={
thick,
},
tikz delimiters/.style args={#1,#2}{
left tikz delimiter={#1},
right tikz delimiter={#2},
},
left tikz delimiter/.style={
render left tikz delimiter/.expand once={\csname delimiter \string#1\endcsname}
},
render left tikz delimiter/.style={
append after command={(\tikzlastnode.north west) edge[tikz delimiter style,decorate,decoration={mirror,#1}] (\tikzlastnode.south west)}
},
right tikz delimiter/.style={
render right tikz delimiter/.expand once={\csname delimiter \string#1\endcsname}
},
render right tikz delimiter/.style={
append after command={(\tikzlastnode.north east) edge[tikz delimiter style,decorate,decoration={#1}] (\tikzlastnode.south east)}
},
bmatrix/.style={
ams,
every matrix/.style={
ams matrix,
delimiters={[,]},
}
},
Bmatrix/.style={
ams,
every matrix/.style={
ams matrix,
delimiters={\lbrace,\rbrace},
}
},
pmatrix/.style={
ams,
every matrix/.style={
ams matrix,
delimiters={(,)},
}
},
vmatrix/.style={
ams,
every matrix/.style={
ams matrix,
delimiters={|,|},
}
},
Vmatrix/.style={
ams,
every matrix/.style={
ams matrix,
delimiters={\|,\|},
}
},
}
\let\matamp=&
\catcode`\&=13
\makeatletter
\def&{\iftikz@is@matrix
\pgfmatrixnextcell
\else
\matamp
\fi}
\makeatother
%\usepackage{environ}
\def\endtikzmatrix{\\\egroup;\end{tikzpicture}}
\foreach \mtype in {b,B,p,v,V} {
\expandafter\xdef\csname tikz\mtype matrix\endcsname{%
\noexpand\begin{tikzpicture}[\mtype matrix,matrix delimiter type={tikz}]
\noexpand\matrix \noexpand\bgroup}
\expandafter\xdef\csname ams\mtype matrix\endcsname{%
\noexpand\begin{tikzpicture}[\mtype matrix,matrix delimiter type={ams}]
\noexpand\matrix \noexpand\bgroup}
\expandafter\global\expandafter\let\csname endtikz\mtype matrix\endcsname=\endtikzmatrix
\expandafter\global\expandafter\let\csname endams\mtype matrix\endcsname=\endtikzmatrix
}
\begin{document}
\foreach \mtype in {b,B,p,v,V} {
\edef\metype{\mtype matrix}
\edef\tmetype{tikz\mtype matrix}
\edef\ametype{ams\mtype matrix}
\begin{gather*}
\begin{\tmetype} a & b \\ c & d \end{\tmetype}
\begin{\ametype} a & b \\ c & d \end{\ametype}
\begin{\metype} a & b \\ c & d \end{\metype}
\end{gather*}
}
\end{document}
\begin{gather*}
4 \times
\left[\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}\right]
\qquad
4 \times
\left[\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep]
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
\end{tikzpicture}\right]
\qquad
4 \times
\left[\begin{minipage}{1.7em}
{}\hfill\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep]
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
\end{tikzpicture}\hfill{}
\end{minipage}\right]
\qquad 4 \times
\begin{bmatrix}\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep]
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
\end{tikzpicture}\end{bmatrix}
\qquad 4 \times
\left[\vcenter{\hbox{\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep]
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
\end{tikzpicture}}}\right]
\\ 4 \times
\begin{tikzpicture}
%
\path[use as bounding box] (0,0) rectangle (1,1);
\fill[blue] (0,0) circle[radius=2pt];
%shift matrix with respect to bounding box
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep,
left delimiter={[},right delimiter={]},shift={(0,1)}] (m)
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
%
\end{tikzpicture}
\qquad 4 \times
\begin{tikzpicture}
%
%shift bounding box
\path[use as bounding box] (0,1) rectangle (1,2);
\fill[blue] (0,0) circle[radius=2pt];
%
\matrix [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
inner sep=0pt, column sep=\mtxcolsep, row sep=\mtxrowsep,
left delimiter={[},right delimiter={]}] (m)
{ a \& b \\ c \& d \\ };
%
\end{tikzpicture}
\qquad 4 \times
\begin{tikzpicture}[bmatrix]
\matrix (m) {
a \& b \\ c \& d \\};
\end{tikzpicture}
\qquad
4 \times
\left[\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}\right]
\end{gather*}
\end{document}
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