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NBD README
==========
Welcome to the NBD userland support files!
This package contains nbd-server and nbd-client. You'll want to run the
client on a machine where you want to use an NBD device, and the server
on a different machine; although it's technically possible to use
nbd-server and nbd-client on the same machine, you may run into some
deadlock issues if you do that[1].
To install the package, do the normal configure/make/make install dance.
You'll need to install it on both the client and the server.
Using NBD is quite easy. First, on the client, you need to create the
device nodes:
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV nbd0
(if you need more than one NBD device, repeat the above command for nbd1,
nbd2, ...)
Since there's a problem with nbd and the (default) cfq I/O scheduler,
you may want to set it to deadline:
echo 'deadline' > /sys/block/nbd0/queue/scheduler
(again, repeat the above for nbd1, nbd2, etc, if you need more than one
device)
Next, start the server. You can use a file or a block device for that:
nbd-server <port> <filename>
e.g.,
nbd-server 1234 /home/wouter/nbd-export
Note that the filename must be an absolute path; i.e., something like
/path/to/file, not ../file. See the nbd-server manpage for details on
any available options.
Finally, you'll be able to start the client:
nbd-client <hostname> <port> <nbd device>
e.g.,
nbd-client 10.0.0.1 1234 /dev/nbd0
nbd-client must be ran as root; the same is not true for nbd-server (but
do make sure that /var/run is writeable by the server that nbd-server
runs as; otherwise, you won't get a PID file, though the server will
keep running).
Starting with NBD 2.9, there is also support for a configuration file.
This configuration file is expected to be found at
<sysconfdir>/nbd-server/config, and should look something like this:
# This is a comment
[generic]
# The [generic] section is required, even if nothing is specified
# there.
# When either of these options are specified, nbd-server drops
# privileges to the given user and group after opening ports, but
# _before_ opening files.
user = nbd
group = nbd
# Since version 2.9.17, nbd-server will do exports on a name
# basis (the used name is the name of the section in which the
# export is specified). This however required an incompatible
# protocol change. To enable backwards-compatible port-based
# exports, uncomment the following line:
# oldstyle = true
[export1]
exportname = /export/nbd/export1-file
# The following line will be ignored unless the
# "oldstyle = true" line in the generic section above is
# enabled.
port = 12345
authfile = /export/nbd/export1-authfile
timeout = 30
filesize = 10000000
readonly = false
multifile = false
copyonwrite = false
prerun = dd if=/dev/zero of=%s bs=1k count=500
postrun = rm -f %s
[otherexport]
exportname = /export/nbd/experiment
# The other options are all optional, except this one in case
# the oldstyle option is used in [generic]:
# port = 12346
The configuration file is parsed with GLib's GKeyFile, which parses key
files as they are specified in the Freedesktop.org Desktop Entry
Specification, as can be found at
<http://freedesktop.org/Standards/desktop-entry-spec>. While this format
was not intended to be used for configuration files, the glib API is
flexible enough for it to be used as such.
The old command-line syntax is still supported, however.
There are packages (or similar) available for the following operating
systems:
Debian (and derivatives, like Ubuntu): "nbd-client" and "nbd-server",
since Debian woody.
Gentoo: the "nbd" ebuild in the "sys-block" category, available in
Portage since 2002.
FreeBSD: "net/nbd-server", available in the ports tree since 2003.
FreeBSD doesn't have kernel support for NBD, so obviously the
client isn't built there.
SuSE: "nbd", since SuSE 10.0
Fedora: "nbd", since Fedora 7
uClibc's "buildroot" script also seems to have support for NBD.
If you're packaging NBD for a different operating system that isn't in
the above list, I'd like to know about it.
[1] When you write something to a block device, the kernel will not
immediately write that to the physical block device; instead, your
changes are written to a cache, which is periodically flushed by a
kernel thread, 'kblockd'. If you're using a single-processor system,
then you'll have only one kblockd, meaning, the kernel can't write to
more than one block device at the same time.
If, while your kblockd is emptying the NBD buffer cache, the kernel
decides that the cache of the block device your nbd-server is writing to
needs to be emptied, then you've got a deadlock.
A kernel patch exists to create a separate kernel thread for NBD writes
which woul fix this problem; however, it has not made it into mainline
yet.
BUILDING THE SERVER FOR NON-LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMS
===================================================
Since the client requires kernel-side support, you can't just compile
nbd-client on a non-Linux kernel and hope it'll work; you'd have to
write a kernel-space driver before that would be possible.
However, nbd-server assumes nothing more than POSIX and one headerfile
from the Linux kernel. Compiling it can be done as follows:
- Fetch the nbd userland sources, and unpack them. Since you're reading
this README file, you have already done this step.
- Fetch the "nbd.h" file from /usr/include/linux on a Linux system, or
from include/linux in the Linux source tree, and store it in the
toplevel directory of the nbd userland sources
- Edit the headerfile, and remove the line that says '#include
<linux/types.h>' (on non-Linux systems, the userland source is smart
enough to figure out how this works by itself)
- now it's just a regular './configure && make && sudo make install'
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