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<title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
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<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
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<p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
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the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
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it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
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be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
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addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
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Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
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different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
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<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
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directive tells the server to accept
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incoming requests only on the specified port or
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address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
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specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
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listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
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is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
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port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
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specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
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server will respond to requests from any of the listed
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addresses and ports.</p>
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<p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
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port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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<p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
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interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
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Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
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<p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
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following example:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
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<p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
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<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
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allowing Apache to allocate IPv6 sockets and handle requests which
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were sent over IPv6.</p>
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<p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
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not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
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connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
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IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
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platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
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OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
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platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
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special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
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<p>On the other hand, on some platforms such as Linux and Tru64 the
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<strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
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mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
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with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
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addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
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<p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
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FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
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<p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
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what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
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following examples:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
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Listen 192.170.2.1:80
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<p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
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IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
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addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
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default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
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<p> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> does not implement
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Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
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main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
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directives are used, the server will behave
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the same for all accepted requests. However,
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
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can be used to specify a different behavior
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for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
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VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
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address and port to be used. Then a
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
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should be created for a specified address and port to set the
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behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
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is set for an address and port that the
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server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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