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import curses
import errno
import locale
import optparse
import os
import pwd
import select
import struct
import sys
from iotop.data import find_uids, TaskStatsNetlink, ProcessList
from iotop.version import VERSION
#
# Utility functions for the UI
#
UNITS = ['B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E']
def human_bandwidth(size, duration):
bw = size and float(size) / duration
for i in xrange(len(UNITS) - 1, 0, -1):
base = 1 << (10 * i)
if 2 * base < size:
res = '%.2f %s' % ((float(bw) / base), UNITS[i])
break
else:
res = str(bw) + ' ' + UNITS[0]
return res + '/s'
def human_stats(stats, duration):
# Keep in sync with TaskStatsNetlink.members_offsets and
# IOTopUI.get_data(self)
def delay2percent(name): # delay in ns, duration in s
return '%.2f %%' % min(99.99, stats[name][1] / (duration * 10000000.0))
io_delay = delay2percent('blkio_delay_total')
swapin_delay = delay2percent('swapin_delay_total')
read_bytes = human_bandwidth(stats['read_bytes'][1], duration)
written_bytes = stats['write_bytes'][1] - stats['cancelled_write_bytes'][1]
written_bytes = max(0, written_bytes)
write_bytes = human_bandwidth(written_bytes, duration)
return io_delay, swapin_delay, read_bytes, write_bytes
#
# The UI
#
class IOTopUI(object):
# key, reverse
sorting_keys = [
(lambda p: p.pid, False),
(lambda p: p.user, False),
(lambda p: p.stats['read_bytes'][1], True),
(lambda p: p.stats['write_bytes'][1] -
p.stats['cancelled_write_bytes'][1], True),
(lambda p: p.stats['swapin_delay_total'][1], True),
# The default sorting (by I/O % time) should show processes doing
# only writes, without waiting on them
(lambda p: p.stats['blkio_delay_total'][1] or
int(not(not(p.stats['read_bytes'][1] or
p.stats['write_bytes'][1]))), True),
(lambda p: p.get_cmdline(), False),
]
def __init__(self, win, process_list, options):
self.process_list = process_list
self.options = options
self.sorting_key = 5
self.sorting_reverse = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[5][1]
if not self.options.batch:
self.win = win
self.resize()
try:
curses.use_default_colors()
curses.start_color()
curses.curs_set(0)
except curses.error:
# This call can fail with misconfigured terminals, for example
# TERM=xterm-color. This is harmless
pass
def resize(self):
self.height, self.width = self.win.getmaxyx()
def run(self):
iterations = 0
poll = select.poll()
if not self.options.batch:
poll.register(sys.stdin.fileno(), select.POLLIN|select.POLLPRI)
while self.options.iterations is None or \
iterations < self.options.iterations:
total = self.process_list.refresh_processes()
total_read, total_write = total
self.refresh_display(total_read, total_write,
self.process_list.duration)
if self.options.iterations is not None:
iterations += 1
if iterations >= self.options.iterations:
break
try:
events = poll.poll(self.options.delay_seconds * 1000.0)
except select.error, e:
if e.args and e.args[0] == errno.EINTR:
events = 0
else:
raise
if not self.options.batch:
self.resize()
if events:
key = self.win.getch()
self.handle_key(key)
def reverse_sorting(self):
self.sorting_reverse = not self.sorting_reverse
def adjust_sorting_key(self, delta):
orig_sorting_key = self.sorting_key
self.sorting_key += delta
self.sorting_key = max(0, self.sorting_key)
self.sorting_key = min(len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys) - 1, self.sorting_key)
if orig_sorting_key != self.sorting_key:
self.sorting_reverse = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[self.sorting_key][1]
def handle_key(self, key):
def toggle_only_io():
self.options.only ^= True
key_bindings = {
ord('q'):
lambda: sys.exit(0),
ord('Q'):
lambda: sys.exit(0),
ord('r'):
lambda: self.reverse_sorting(),
ord('R'):
lambda: self.reverse_sorting(),
ord('o'):
toggle_only_io,
curses.KEY_LEFT:
lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(-1),
curses.KEY_RIGHT:
lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(1),
curses.KEY_HOME:
lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(-len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys)),
curses.KEY_END:
lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys))
}
action = key_bindings.get(key, lambda: None)
action()
def get_data(self):
def format(p):
stats = human_stats(p.stats, self.process_list.duration)
io_delay, swapin_delay, read_bytes, write_bytes = stats
line = '%5d %-8s %11s %11s %7s %7s ' % (p.pid, p.user[:8],
read_bytes, write_bytes, swapin_delay, io_delay)
line += p.get_cmdline()
if not self.options.batch:
line = line[:self.width - 1]
return line
def should_format(p):
return not self.options.only or p.did_some_io()
processes = self.process_list.processes.values()
processes = filter(should_format, processes)
key = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[self.sorting_key][0]
processes.sort(key=key, reverse=self.sorting_reverse)
if not self.options.batch:
del processes[self.height - 2:]
return map(format, processes)
def refresh_display(self, total_read, total_write, duration):
summary = 'Total DISK READ: %s | Total DISK WRITE: %s' % (
human_bandwidth(total_read, duration),
human_bandwidth(total_write, duration))
titles = [' PID', ' USER', ' DISK READ', ' DISK WRITE',
' SWAPIN', ' IO', ' COMMAND']
lines = self.get_data()
if self.options.batch:
print summary
print ''.join(titles)
for l in lines:
print l
else:
self.win.erase()
self.win.addstr(summary)
self.win.hline(1, 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_REVERSE, self.width)
for i in xrange(len(titles)):
attr = curses.A_REVERSE
title = titles[i]
if i == self.sorting_key:
attr |= curses.A_BOLD
title += self.sorting_reverse and '>' or '<'
self.win.addstr(title, attr)
for i in xrange(len(lines)):
self.win.addstr(i + 2, 0, lines[i].encode('utf-8'))
self.win.refresh()
def run_iotop(win, options):
taskstats_connection = TaskStatsNetlink(options)
process_list = ProcessList(taskstats_connection, options)
ui = IOTopUI(win, process_list, options)
ui.run()
#
# Main program
#
USAGE = '''%s [OPTIONS]
DISK READ and DISK WRITE are the block I/O bandwidth used during the sampling
period. SWAPIN and IO are the percentages of time the thread spent respectively
while swapping in and waiting on I/O more generally.
Controls: left and right arrows to change the sorting column, r to invert the
sorting order, o to toggle the --only option, q to quit, any other key to force
a refresh''' % sys.argv[0]
def main():
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=USAGE, version='iotop ' + VERSION)
parser.add_option('-o', '--only', action='store_true',
dest='only', default=False,
help='only show processes or threads actually doing I/O')
parser.add_option('-b', '--batch', action='store_true', dest='batch',
help='non-interactive mode')
parser.add_option('-n', '--iter', type='int', dest='iterations',
metavar='NUM',
help='number of iterations before ending [infinite]')
parser.add_option('-d', '--delay', type='float', dest='delay_seconds',
help='delay between iterations [1 second]',
metavar='SEC', default=1)
parser.add_option('-p', '--pid', type='int', dest='pids', action='append',
help='processes to monitor [all]', metavar='PID')
parser.add_option('-u', '--user', type='str', dest='users', action='append',
help='users to monitor [all]', metavar='USER')
parser.add_option('-P', '--processes', action='store_true',
dest='processes',
help='only show processes, not all threads')
options, args = parser.parse_args()
if args:
parser.error('Unexpected arguments: ' + ' '.join(args))
find_uids(options)
options.pids = options.pids or []
if options.batch:
run_iotop(None, options)
else:
curses.wrapper(run_iotop, options)
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