~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/quantal/python-django/quantal-security

.. _ref-gis-install:

======================
GeoDjango Installation
======================

Overview
========
In general, GeoDjango installation requires:

1. :ref:`python24` and :ref:`django`
2. :ref:`spatial_database`
3. :ref:`geospatial_libs`

Details for each of the requirements and installation instructions
are provided in the sections below.   In addition, platform-specific
instructions are available for:

* :ref:`macosx`
* :ref:`ubuntudebian`
* :ref:`windows`

.. admonition:: Use the Source

    Because GeoDjango takes advantage of the latest in the open source geospatial
    software technology, recent versions of the libraries are necessary.
    If binary packages aren't available for your platform,
    :ref:`installation from source <build_from_source>`
    may be required. When compiling the libraries from source, please follow the
    directions closely, especially if you're a beginner.

Requirements
============

.. _python24:

Python 2.4+
-----------
Because of heavy use of the decorator syntax, Python 2.4 is minimum
version supported by GeoDjango. Python 2.5+ is recommended because the
`ctypes`__ module comes included; otherwise, 2.4 users will need to
`download and install ctypes`__.

__ http://docs.python.org/lib/module-ctypes.html
__ http://sourceforge.net/projects/ctypes/files/

.. _django:

Django
------

Because GeoDjango is included with Django, please refer to Django's
:doc:`installation instructions </intro/install>` for details on how to install.

.. _spatial_database:

Spatial Database
----------------
PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are
the spatial databases currently supported.

.. note::

    PostGIS is recommended, because it is the most mature and feature-rich
    open source spatial database.

The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends
on the spatial database used.  The following lists the library requirements,
supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:

==================  ==============================  ==================  ==========================================================
Database            Library Requirements            Supported Versions  Notes
==================  ==============================  ==================  ==========================================================
PostgreSQL          GEOS, PROJ.4, PostGIS           8.1+                Requires PostGIS.
MySQL               GEOS                            5.x                 Not OGC-compliant; limited functionality.
Oracle              GEOS                            10.2, 11            XE not supported; not tested with 9.
SQLite              GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, SpatiaLite  3.6.+               Requires SpatiaLite 2.3+, pysqlite2 2.5+, and Django 1.1.
==================  ==============================  ==================  ==========================================================

.. _geospatial_libs:

Geospatial Libraries
--------------------
GeoDjango uses and/or provides interfaces for the the following open source
geospatial libraries:

========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================
Program                   Description                           Required                          Supported Versions
========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================
:ref:`GEOS <ref-geos>`    Geometry Engine Open Source           Yes                               3.2, 3.1, 3.0
`PROJ.4`_                 Cartographic Projections library      Yes (PostgreSQL and SQLite only)  4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4
:ref:`GDAL <ref-gdal>`    Geospatial Data Abstraction Library   No (but, required for SQLite)     1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4
:ref:`GeoIP <ref-geoip>`  IP-based geolocation library          No                                1.4
`PostGIS`__               Spatial extensions for PostgreSQL     Yes (PostgreSQL only)             1.5, 1.4, 1.3
`SpatiaLite`__            Spatial extensions for SQLite         Yes (SQLite only)                 2.4, 2.3
========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================

.. admonition::  Install GDAL

    While :ref:`gdalbuild` is technically not required, it is *recommended*.
    Some features of GeoDjango (including the :ref:`ref-layermapping` and the geographic
    admin) depend on its functionality.

.. note::

    The GeoDjango interfaces to GEOS, GDAL, and GeoIP may be used
    independently of Django.  In other words, no database or settings file
    required -- just import them as normal from :mod:`django.contrib.gis`.

.. _PROJ.4: http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/
__ http://postgis.refractions.net/
__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/index.html

.. _build_from_source:

Building from Source
====================

When installing from source on UNIX and GNU/Linux systems, please follow
the installation instructions carefully, and install the libraries in the
given order.  If using MySQL or Oracle as the spatial database, only GEOS
is required.

.. note::

   On Linux platforms, it may be necessarry to run the ``ldconfig``
   command after installing each library.  For example::

       $ sudo make install
       $ sudo ldconfig

.. note::

    OS X users are required to install `Apple Developer Tools`_ in order
    to compile software from source.  This is typically included on your
    OS X installation DVDs.

.. _Apple Developer Tools: http://developer.apple.com/tools/xcode/

.. _geosbuild:

GEOS
----

GEOS is a C++ library for performing geometric operations, and is the default
internal geometry representation used by GeoDjango (it's behind the "lazy"
geometries).  Specifically, the C API library is called (e.g., ``libgeos_c.so``)
directly from Python using ctypes.

First, download GEOS 3.2 from the refractions website and untar the source
archive::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.2.2.tar.bz2
    $ tar xjf geos-3.2.2.tar.bz2

Next, change into the directory where GEOS was unpacked, run the configure
script, compile, and install::

    $ cd geos-3.2.2
    $ ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

Troubleshooting
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Can't find GEOS Library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When GeoDjango can't find GEOS, this error is raised::

    ImportError: Could not find the GEOS library (tried "geos_c"). Try setting GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.

The most common solution is to properly configure your :ref:`libsettings` *or* set
:ref:`geoslibrarypath` in your settings.

If using a binary package of GEOS (e.g., on Ubuntu 8.10), you may need to :ref:`binutils`.

.. _geoslibrarypath:

``GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If your GEOS library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to
modify the system's library path then the :setting:`GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH`  setting
may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to the GEOS
C library.  For example::

    GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/bob/local/lib/libgeos_c.so'

.. note::

    The setting must be the *full* path to the **C** shared library; in
    other words you want to use ``libgeos_c.so``, not ``libgeos.so``.

.. _proj4:

PROJ.4
------

`PROJ.4`_ is a library for converting geospatial data to different coordinate
reference systems.

First, download the PROJ.4 source code and datum shifting files [#]_::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.7.0.tar.gz
    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip

Next, untar the source code archive, and extract the datum shifting files in the
``nad`` subdirectory.  This must be done *prior* to configuration::

    $ tar xzf proj-4.7.0.tar.gz
    $ cd proj-4.7.0/nad
    $ unzip ../../proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip
    $ cd ..

Finally, configure, make and install PROJ.4::

    $ ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. _postgis:

PostGIS
-------

`PostGIS`__ adds geographic object support to PostgreSQL, turning it
into a spatial database. :ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be
installed prior to building PostGIS.

.. note::

    The `psycopg2`_ module is required for use as the database adaptor
    when using GeoDjango with PostGIS.

.. _psycopg2: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg2

First download the source archive, and extract::

    $ wget http://postgis.refractions.net/download/postgis-1.5.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf postgis-1.5.1.tar.gz
    $ cd postgis-1.5.1

Next, configure, make and install PostGIS::

    $ ./configure

Finally, make and install::

    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    GeoDjango does not automatically create a spatial database.  Please
    consult the section on :ref:`spatialdb_template` for more information.

__ http://postgis.refractions.net/

.. _gdalbuild:

GDAL
----

`GDAL`__ is an excellent open source geospatial library that has support for
reading most vector and raster spatial data formats.  Currently, GeoDjango only
supports :ref:`GDAL's vector data <ref-gdal>` capabilities [#]_.
:ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be installed prior to building GDAL.

First download the latest GDAL release version and untar the archive::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-1.7.2.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf gdal-1.7.2.tar.gz
    $ cd gdal-1.7.2

Configure, make and install::

    $ ./configure
    $ make # Go get some coffee, this takes a while.
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

   Because GeoDjango has it's own Python interface, the preceding instructions
   do not build GDAL's own Python bindings.  The bindings may be built by
   adding the ``--with-python`` flag when running ``configure``.  See
   `GDAL/OGR In Python`__ for more information on GDAL's bindings.

If you have any problems, please see the troubleshooting section below for
suggestions and solutions.

__ http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/
__ http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/GdalOgrInPython

.. _gdaltrouble:

Troubleshooting
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Can't find GDAL Library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When GeoDjango can't find the GDAL library, the ``HAS_GDAL`` flag
will be false::

    >>> from django.contrib.gis import gdal
    >>> gdal.HAS_GDAL
    False

The solution is to properly configure your :ref:`libsettings` *or* set
:ref:`gdallibrarypath` in your settings.

.. _gdallibrarypath:

``GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If your GDAL library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to
modify the system's library path then the :setting:`GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH`
setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to
the GDAL library.  For example::

    GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/sue/local/lib/libgdal.so'

.. _gdaldata:

Can't find GDAL data files (``GDAL_DATA``)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When installed from source, GDAL versions 1.5.1 and below have an autoconf bug
that places data in the wrong location. [#]_   This can lead to error messages
like this::

    ERROR 4: Unable to open EPSG support file gcs.csv.
    ...
    OGRException: OGR failure.

The solution is to set the ``GDAL_DATA`` environment variable to the location of the
GDAL data files before invoking Python  (typically ``/usr/local/share``; use
``gdal-config --datadir`` to find out). For example::

    $ export GDAL_DATA=`gdal-config --datadir`
    $ python manage.py shell

If using Apache, you may need to add this environment variable to your configuration
file::

    SetEnv GDAL_DATA /usr/local/share

.. _spatialite:

SpatiaLite
----------
.. versionadded:: 1.1

.. note::

   Mac OS X users should follow the instructions in the :ref:`kyngchaos` section,
   as it is much easier than building from source.

`SpatiaLite`__ adds spatial support to SQLite, turning it into a full-featured
spatial database.  Because SpatiaLite has special requirements, it typically
requires SQLite and pysqlite2 (the Python SQLite DB-API adaptor) to be built from
source.  :ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be installed prior to building
SpatiaLite.

After installation is complete, don't forget to read the post-installation
docs on :ref:`create_spatialite_db`.

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/index.html

.. _sqlite:

SQLite
^^^^^^

Typically, SQLite packages are not compiled to include the `R*Tree module`__ --
thus it must be compiled from source.  First download the latest amalgamation
source archive from the `SQLite download page`__, and extract::

    $ wget http://sqlite.org/sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.23.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.23.1.tar.gz
    $ cd sqlite-3.6.23.1

Next, run the ``configure`` script -- however the ``CFLAGS`` environment variable
needs to be customized so that SQLite knows to build the R*Tree module::

    $ CFLAGS="-DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1" ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    If using Ubuntu, installing a newer SQLite from source can be very difficult
    because it links to the existing ``libsqlite3.so`` in ``/usr/lib`` which
    many other packages depend on.  Unfortunately, the best solution at this time
    is to overwrite the existing library by adding ``--prefix=/usr`` to the
    ``configure`` command.

__ http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html
__ http://www.sqlite.org/download.html

.. _spatialitebuild :

SpatiaLite Library (``libspatialite``) and Tools (``spatialite``)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

After SQLite has been built with the R*Tree module enabled, get the latest
SpatiaLite library source and tools bundle from the `download page`__::

    $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/spatialite-tools-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf spatialite-tools-2.3.1.tar.gz

Prior to attempting to build, please read the important notes below to see if
customization of the ``configure`` command is necessary.  If not, then run the
``configure`` script, make, and install for the SpatiaLite library::

    $ cd libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1
    $ ./configure # May need to modified, see notes below.
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

Finally, do the same for the SpatiaLite tools::

    $ cd spatialite-tools-2.3.1
    $ ./configure # May need to modified, see notes below.
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    If you've installed GEOS and PROJ.4 from binary packages, you will have to specify
    their paths when running the ``configure`` scripts for *both* the library and the
    tools (the configure scripts look, by default, in ``/usr/local``).  For example,
    on Debian/Ubuntu distributions that have GEOS and PROJ.4 packages, the command would be::

       $ ./configure --with-proj-include=/usr/include --with-proj-lib=/usr/lib --with-geos-include=/usr/include --with-geos-lib=/usr/lib

.. note::

    For Mac OS X users building from source, the SpatiaLite library *and* tools
    need to have their ``target`` configured::

        $ ./configure --target=macosx

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/sources.html

.. _pysqlite2:

pysqlite2
^^^^^^^^^

Because SpatiaLite must be loaded as an external extension, it requires the
``enable_load_extension`` method, which is only available in versions 2.5+.
Thus, download pysqlite2 2.6, and untar::

    $ wget http://pysqlite.googlecode.com/files/pysqlite-2.6.0.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf pysqlite-2.6.0.tar.gz
    $ cd pysqlite-2.6.0

Next, use a text editor (e.g., ``emacs`` or ``vi``) to edit the ``setup.cfg`` file
to look like the following::

    [build_ext]
    #define=
    include_dirs=/usr/local/include
    library_dirs=/usr/local/lib
    libraries=sqlite3
    #define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION

.. note::

    The important thing here is to make sure you comment out the the
    ``define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION`` flag and that the ``include_dirs``
    and ``library_dirs`` settings are uncommented and set to the appropriate
    path if the SQLite header files and libraries are not in ``/usr/include``
    and ``/usr/lib``, respectively.

After modifying ``setup.cfg`` appropriately, then run the ``setup.py`` script
to build and install::

    $ sudo python setup.py install

Post-Installation
=================

.. _spatialdb_template:

Creating a Spatial Database Template for PostGIS
------------------------------------------------

Creating a spatial database with PostGIS is different than normal because
additional SQL must be loaded to enable spatial functionality.  Because of
the steps in this process, it's better to create a database template that
can be reused later.

First, you need to be able to execute the commands as a privileged database
user.  For example, you can use the following to become the ``postgres`` user::

    $ sudo su - postgres

.. note::

   The location *and* name of the PostGIS SQL files (e.g., from
   ``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` below) depends on the version of PostGIS.
   PostGIS versions 1.3 and below use ``<pg_sharedir>/contrib/lwpostgis.sql``;
   whereas version 1.4 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis.sql`` and
   version 1.5 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis-1.5/postgis.sql``.

   The example below assumes PostGIS 1.5, thus you may need to modify
   ``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` and the name of the SQL file for the specific
   version of PostGIS you are using.

Once you're a database super user, then you may execute the following commands
to create a PostGIS spatial database template.  If running Ubuntu :ref:`ibex`
or Debian :ref:`lenny`, please refer to their specific documentation for
modifications to these commands::

    $ POSTGIS_SQL_PATH=`pg_config --sharedir`/contrib/postgis-1.5
    # Creating the template spatial database.
    $ createdb -E UTF8 template_postgis
    $ createlang -d template_postgis plpgsql # Adding PLPGSQL language support.
    # Allows non-superusers the ability to create from this template
    $ psql -d postgres -c "UPDATE pg_database SET datistemplate='true' WHERE datname='template_postgis';"
    # Loading the PostGIS SQL routines
    $ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/postgis.sql
    $ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/spatial_ref_sys.sql
    # Enabling users to alter spatial tables.
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geometry_columns TO PUBLIC;"
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geography_columns TO PUBLIC;"
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON spatial_ref_sys TO PUBLIC;"

These commands may be placed in a shell script for later use; for convenience
the following scripts are available:

===============  ==========================================
PostGIS Version  Shell Script
===============  ==========================================
1.3              `create_template_postgis-1.3.sh`_
1.4              `create_template_postgis-1.4.sh`_
1.5              `create_template_postgis-1.5.sh`_
===============  ==========================================

Afterwards, you may create a spatial database by simply specifying
``template_postgis`` as the template to use (via the ``-T`` option)::

    $ createdb -T template_postgis <db name>

.. note::

    While the ``createdb`` command does not require database super-user privileges,
    it must be executed by a database user that has permissions to create databases.
    You can create such a user with the following command::

        $ createuser --createdb <user>

.. _create_template_postgis-1.3.sh: http://geodjango.org/docs/create_template_postgis-1.3.sh
.. _create_template_postgis-1.4.sh: http://geodjango.org/docs/create_template_postgis-1.4.sh
.. _create_template_postgis-1.5.sh: http://geodjango.org/docs/create_template_postgis-1.5.sh
.. _create_template_postgis-debian.sh: http://geodjango.org/docs/create_template_postgis-debian.sh

.. _create_spatialite_db:

Creating a Spatial Database for SpatiaLite
-------------------------------------------

After the SpatiaLite library and tools have been installed, it is now possible
to create spatial database for use with GeoDjango.  In order to do this, download
the spatial database initialization SQL from the `SpatiaLite Resources`__ page::

   $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/init_spatialite-2.3.sql.gz
   $ gunzip init_spatialite-2.3.sql.gz

Now, the ``spatialite`` command can be used to initialize a spatial database::

   $ spatialite geodjango.db < init_spatialite-2.3.sql

.. note::

    The parameter ``geodjango.db`` is the *filename* of the SQLite database
    you want to use.  Use the same in the :setting:`DATABASE_NAME`
    inside your ``settings.py``.


__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/resources.html


Add ``django.contrib.gis`` to ``INSTALLED_APPS``
------------------------------------------------

Like other Django contrib applications, you will *only* need to add
:mod:`django.contrib.gis` to :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` in your settings.
This is the so that ``gis`` templates can be located -- if not done, then
features such as the geographic admin or KML sitemaps will not function properly.

.. _addgoogleprojection:

Add Google Projection to ``spatial_ref_sys`` table
--------------------------------------------------

.. versionchanged:: 1.2

.. note::

    If running PostGIS 1.4 and above, the entry is already included in the
    default ``spatial_ref_sys`` table.  You can skip this step.

In order to conduct database transformations to the so-called "Google"
projection (a spherical mercator projection used by Google Maps),
an entry must be added to your spatial database's ``spatial_ref_sys`` table.
Invoke the Django shell from your project and execute the
``add_srs_entry`` function::

    $ python manage shell
    >>> from django.contrib.gis.utils import add_srs_entry
    >>> add_srs_entry(900913)

.. note::

    In Django 1.1 the name of this function is ``add_postgis_srs``.

This adds an entry for the 900913 SRID to the ``spatial_ref_sys`` (or equivalent)
table, making it possible for the spatial database to transform coordinates in
this projection.  You only need to execute this command *once* per spatial database.

Troubleshooting
===============

If you can't find the solution to your problem here then participate in the
community!  You can:

* Join the ``#geodjango`` IRC channel on FreeNode (may be accessed on the
  web via `Mibbit`__).  Please be patient and polite -- while you may not
  get an immediate response, someone will attempt to answer your question
  as soon as they see it.
* Ask your question on the `GeoDjango`__ mailing list.
* File a ticket on the `Django trac`__ if you think there's a bug.  Make
  sure to provide a complete description of the problem, versions used,
  and specify the component as "GIS".

__ http://www.mibbit.com/?server=irc.freenode.net&channel=%23geodjango
__ http://groups.google.com/group/geodjango
__ http://code.djangoproject.com/simpleticket

.. _libsettings:

Library Environment Settings
----------------------------

By far, the most common problem when installing GeoDjango is that the
external shared libraries (e.g., for GEOS and GDAL) cannot be located. [#]_
Typically, the cause of this problem is that the operating system isn't aware
of the directory where the libraries built from source were installed.

In general, the library path may be set on a per-user basis by setting
an environment variable, or by configuring the library path for the entire
system.

``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` environment variable
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths
they want to use.  The typical library directory for software
built from source is ``/usr/local/lib``.  Thus, ``/usr/local/lib`` needs
to be included in the ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` variable.  For example, the user
could place the following in their bash profile::

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

Setting System Library Path
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in ``/etc/ld.so.conf``, which may include
additional paths from files in another directory, such as ``/etc/ld.so.conf.d``.
As the root user, add the custom library path (like ``/usr/local/lib``) on a
new line in ``ld.so.conf``.  This is *one* example of how to do so::

    $ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    $ sudo ldconfig

For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the
``crle`` utility.  Run ``crle`` with no options to see the current configuration
and use ``crle -l`` to set with the new library path.  Be *very* careful when
modifying the system library path::

    # crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib

.. _binutils:

Install ``binutils``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

GeoDjango uses the ``find_library`` function (from the ``ctypes.util`` Python
module) to discover libraries.  The ``find_library`` routine uses a program
called ``objdump`` (part of the ``binutils`` package) to verify a shared
library on GNU/Linux systems.  Thus, if ``binutils`` is not installed on your
Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if
your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.

The ``binutils`` package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the
following command::

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils

Similarly, on Red Hat and CentOS systems::

    $ sudo yum install binutils

Platform Specific Instructions
==============================

.. _macosx:

Mac OS X
--------

Because of the variety of packaging systems available for OS X, users have
several different options for installing GeoDjango.  These options are:

* :ref:`kyngchaos`
* :ref:`fink`
* :ref:`macports`
* :ref:`build_from_source`

.. note::

    Currently, the easiest and recommended approach for installing GeoDjango
    on OS X is to use the KyngChaos packages.

This section also includes instructions for installing an upgraded version
of :ref:`macosx_python` from packages provided by the Python Software
Foundation, however, this is not required.

.. _macosx_python:

Python
^^^^^^

Although OS X comes with Python installed, users can use framework
installers (`2.5`__ and `2.6`__ are available) provided by
the Python Software Foundation.  An advantage to using the installer is
that OS X's Python will remain "pristine" for internal operating system
use.

__ http://python.org/ftp/python/2.5.4/python-2.5.4-macosx.dmg
__ http://python.org/ftp/python/2.6.2/python-2.6.2-macosx2009-04-16.dmg

.. note::

    You will need to modify the ``PATH`` environment variable in your
    ``.profile`` file so that the new version of Python is used when
    ``python`` is entered at the command-line::

        export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH

.. _kyngchaos:

KyngChaos Packages
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

William Kyngesburye provides a number of `geospatial library binary packages`__
that make it simple to get GeoDjango installed on OS X without compiling
them from source.  However, the `Apple Developer Tools`_ are still necessary
for compiling the Python database adapters :ref:`psycopg2_kyngchaos` (for PostGIS)
and :ref:`pysqlite2_kyngchaos` (for SpatiaLite).

.. note::

    SpatiaLite users should consult the :ref:`spatialite_kyngchaos` section
    after installing the packages for additional instructions.

Download the framework packages for:

* UnixImageIO
* PROJ
* GEOS
* SQLite3 (includes the SpatiaLite library)
* GDAL

Install the packages in the order they are listed above, as the GDAL and SQLite
packages require the packages listed before them.  Afterwards, you can also
install the KyngChaos binary packages for `PostgreSQL and PostGIS`__.

After installing the binary packages, you'll want to add the following to
your ``.profile`` to be able to run the package programs from the command-line::

    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/UnixImageIO.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/PROJ.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH

__ http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks
__ http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/postgres

.. note::

    Use of these binaries requires Django 1.0.3 and above.  If you are
    using a previous version of Django (like 1.0.2), then you will have
    to add the the following in your settings::

        GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH='/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/GEOS'
        GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH='/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/GDAL'

.. _psycopg2_kyngchaos:

psycopg2
~~~~~~~~

After you've installed the KyngChaos binaries and modified your ``PATH``, as
described above, ``psycopg2`` may be installed using the following command::

    $ sudo python easy_install psycopg2

.. note::

   To use ``easy_install`` you'll need to install Python's `setuptools`_.

.. _setuptools: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

.. _pysqlite2_kyngchaos:

pysqlite2
~~~~~~~~~

Follow the :ref:`pysqlite2` source install instructions, however,
when editing the ``setup.cfg`` use the following instead::

    [build_ext]
    #define=
    include_dirs=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/unix/include
    library_dirs=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/unix/lib
    libraries=sqlite3
    #define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION

.. _spatialite_kyngchaos:

SpatiaLite
~~~~~~~~~~

When :ref:`create_spatialite_db`, the ``spatialite`` program is required.
However, instead of attempting to compile the SpatiaLite tools from source,
download the `SpatiaLite Binaries`__ for OS X, and install ``spatialite`` in a
location available in your ``PATH``.  For example::

    $ curl -O http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ cd spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1/bin
    $ sudo cp spatialite /Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs

Finally, for GeoDjango to be able to find the KyngChaos SpatiaLite library,
add the following to your ``settings.py``::

    SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH='/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/SQLite3'

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/binaries.html

.. _fink:

Fink
^^^^

`Kurt Schwehr`__ has been gracious enough to create GeoDjango packages for users
of the `Fink`__ package system.  The following packages are available, depending
on which version of Python you want to use:

* ``django-gis-py26``
* ``django-gis-py25``
* ``django-gis-py24``

__ http://schwehr.org/blog/
__ http://www.finkproject.org/

.. _macports:

MacPorts
^^^^^^^^

`MacPorts`__ may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh
computers running OS X.  Because MacPorts still builds the software from source,
the `Apple Developer Tools`_ are required.

Summary::

    $ sudo port install postgresql83-server
    $ sudo port install geos
    $ sudo port install proj
    $ sudo port install postgis
    $ sudo port install gdal
    $ sudo port install libgeoip

.. note::

    You will also have to modify the ``PATH`` in your ``.profile`` so
    that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line::

        export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql83/bin

    In addition, add the ``FALLBACK_DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH`` setting so that
    the libraries can be found by Python::

        export FALLBACK_DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql83

__ http://www.macports.org/

.. _ubuntudebian:

Ubuntu & Debian GNU/Linux
-------------------------

.. _ubuntu:

Ubuntu
^^^^^^

.. _heron:

8.04 and lower
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The 8.04 (and lower) versions of Ubuntu use GEOS v2.2.3 in their binary packages,
which is incompatible with GeoDjango.  Thus, do *not* use the binary packages
for GEOS or PostGIS and build some prerequisites from source, per the instructions
in this document; however, it is okay to use the PostgreSQL binary packages.

For more details, please see the Debian instructions for :ref:`etch` below.

.. _ibex:

8.10
~~~~

Use the synaptic package manager to install the following packages::

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils libgdal1-1.5.0 postgresql-8.3-postgis postgresql-server-dev-8.3 python-psycopg2 python-setuptools

Afterwards, you may install Django with Python's ``easy_install`` script (the
Ubuntu package ``python-django`` uses an older version missing several
important bug fixes for GeoDjango)::

    $ sudo easy_install Django

That's it!  For the curious, the required binary prerequisites packages are:

* ``binutils``: for ctypes to find libraries
* ``postgresql-8.3``
* ``postgresql-server-dev-8.3``: for ``pg_config``
* ``postgresql-8.3-postgis``: for PostGIS 1.3.3
* ``libgeos-3.0.0``, and ``libgeos-c1``: for GEOS 3.0.0
* ``libgdal1-1.5.0``: for GDAL 1.5.0 library
* ``proj``: for PROJ 4.6.0 -- but no datum shifting files, see note below
* ``python-psycopg2``
* ``python-setuptools``: for ``easy_install``

Optional packages to consider:

* ``libgeoip1``: for :ref:`GeoIP <ref-geoip>` support
* ``gdal-bin``: for GDAL command line programs like ``ogr2ogr``
* ``python-gdal`` for GDAL's own Python bindings -- includes interfaces for raster manipulation

.. note::

    The Ubuntu ``proj`` package does not come with the datum shifting files
    installed, which will cause problems with the geographic admin because
    the ``null`` datum grid is not available for transforming geometries to the
    spherical mercator projection. A solution is to download the
    datum-shifting files, create the grid file, and install it yourself::

        $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.4.tar.gz
        $ mkdir nad
        $ cd nad
        $ tar xzf ../proj-datumgrid-1.4.tar.gz
        $ nad2bin null < null.lla
        $ sudo cp null /usr/share/proj

    Otherwise, the Ubuntu ``proj`` package is fine for general use as long as you
    do not plan on doing any database transformation of geometries to the
    Google projection (900913).

.. note::

    The PostGIS SQL files are not placed the PostgreSQL share directory in the
    Ubuntu packages.  Use the `create_template_postgis-debian.sh`_ script
    instead when :ref:`spatialdb_template`.

.. _debian:

Debian
------

.. _etch:

4.0 (Etch)
^^^^^^^^^^
The situation here is the same as that of Ubuntu :ref:`heron` -- in other words,
some packages must be built from source to work properly with GeoDjango.

Binary Packages
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The following command will install acceptable binary packages, as well as
the development tools necessary to build the rest of the requirements::

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils bzip2 gcc g++ flex make postgresql-8.1 postgresql-server-dev-8.1 python-ctypes python-psycopg2 python-setuptools

Required package information:

* ``binutils``: for ctypes to find libraries
* ``bzip2``: for decompressing the source packages
* ``gcc``, ``g++``, ``make``: GNU developer tools used to compile the libraries
* ``flex``: required to build PostGIS
* ``postgresql-8.1``
* ``postgresql-server-dev-8.1``: for ``pg_config``
* ``python-ctypes``: Python 2.4 needs to have ctypes installed separately
* ``python-psycopg2``
* ``python-setuptools``: for ``easy_install``

Optional packages:

* ``libgeoip``: for :ref:`GeoIP <ref-geoip>` support

Source Packages
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You will still have to install :ref:`geosbuild`, :ref:`proj4`,
:ref:`postgis`, and :ref:`gdalbuild` from source.  Please follow the
directions carefully.

.. _lenny:

5.0 (Lenny)
^^^^^^^^^^^
This version is comparable to Ubuntu :ref:`ibex`, so the command
is very similar::

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils libgdal1-1.5.0 postgresql-8.3 postgresql-8.3-postgis postgresql-server-dev-8.3 python-psycopg2 python-setuptools

This assumes that you are using PostgreSQL version 8.3. Else, replace ``8.3``
in the above command with the appropriate PostgreSQL version.

.. note::

   Please read the note in the Ubuntu :ref:`ibex` install documentation
   about the ``proj`` package -- it also applies here because the package does
   not include the datum shifting files.

.. _post_install:

Post-installation Notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If the PostgreSQL database cluster was not initiated after installing, then it
can be created (and started) with the following command::

    $ sudo pg_createcluster --start 8.3 main

Afterwards, the ``/etc/init.d/postgresql-8.3`` script should be used to manage
the starting and stopping of PostgreSQL.

In addition, the SQL files for PostGIS are placed in a different location on
Debian 5.0 . Thus when :ref:`spatialdb_template` either:

* Create a symbolic link to these files::

    $ sudo ln -s /usr/share/postgresql-8.3-postgis/{lwpostgis,spatial_ref_sys}.sql /usr/share/postgresql/8.3

  If not running PostgreSQL 8.3, then  replace ``8.3`` in the command above with the correct version.

* Or use the `create_template_postgis-debian.sh`_ to create the spatial database.

.. _windows:

Windows XP
----------

Python
^^^^^^

First, download the `Python 2.6 installer`__ from the Python website.  Next,
execute the installer and use defaults, e.g., keep 'Install for all users'
checked and the installation path set as ``C:\Python26``.

.. note::

    You may already have a version of Python installed in ``C:\python`` as ESRI
    products sometimes install a copy there.  *You should still install a
    fresh version of Python 2.6.*

__ http://python.org/ftp/python/2.6.2/python-2.6.2.msi

PostgreSQL
^^^^^^^^^^

First, select a mirror and download the latest `PostgreSQL 8.3 installer`__ from
the EnterpriseDB website.

.. note::

   PostgreSQL 8.3 is required because PostGIS is not available yet for 8.4.

After downloading, simply click on the installer, follow the
on-screen directions, and keep the default options (e.g., keep the installation
path as ``C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3``).

.. note::

    This PostgreSQL installation process will create both a new windows user to be the
    'postgres service account' and a special 'postgres superuser' to own the database
    cluster. You will be prompted to set a password for both users (make sure to write
    them down!). To see basic details on the 'service user' account right click on
    'My Computer' and select 'Manage' or go to: Control Panel -> Administrative Tools ->
    Computer Management -> System Tools -> Local Users and Groups.

If installed successfully, the PostgreSQL server will run in the background each time
the system as started as a Windows service.  When finished, the installer should launch
the Application Stack Builder (ASB) -- use this to install PostGIS, see instructions
below for more details.  A 'PostgreSQL 8.3' start menu group should be created that
contains shortcuts for the ASB and 'Command Prompt', which launches a terminal window
in the PostgreSQL directory.

__ http://www.enterprisedb.com/products/pgdownload.do#windows

PostGIS
^^^^^^^

From the Application Stack Builder (Programs -> PostgreSQL 8.3), select
'PostgreSQL Database Server 8.3 on port 5432' from the drop down menu.  Next,
select 'PostGIS 1.3.6 for PostgreSQL 8.3' from the 'Spatial Extensions' tree
in the list.  Select only the default options during install (do not uncheck
the option to create a default PostGIS database).

.. note::

    You will be prompted to enter your 'postgres superuser' password in the
    'Database Connection Information' dialog.

psycopg2
^^^^^^^^

The ``psycopg2`` Python module provides the interface between Python and the
PostgreSQL database.  Download the `Windows installer`__ (v2.0.10) and run
using the default settings. [#]_

__ http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/psycopg2-2.0.10.win32-py2.6-pg8.3.7-release.exe

GeoDjango Installer
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Download the `GeoDjango Installer`__; this was created [#]_ to simplify the rest
of the process for installing GeoDjango on Windows platforms.  The installer
automatically installs Django 1.1, GDAL 1.6.0, PROJ 4.6.1 (including datum grid
files), and configures the necessary environment variables.

Once the installer has completed, log out and log back in so that the
modifications to the system environment variables take effect, and you
should be good to go.

.. note::

    The installer modifies the system ``Path`` environment variable to
    include ``C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\bin`` and
    ``C:\Program Files\GeoDjango\bin``.  This is required so that Python
    may find the GEOS DLL provided by PostGIS and the GDAL DLL provided
    by the installer. The installer also sets the ``GDAL_DATA`` and
    ``PROJ_LIB`` environment variables.

__ http://geodjango.org/windows/GeoDjango_Installer.exe

.. rubric:: Footnotes
.. [#] The datum shifting files are needed for converting data to and from certain projections.
       For example, the PROJ.4 string for the `Google projection (900913) <http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/900913/proj4>`_
       requires the ``null`` grid file only included in the extra datum shifting files.
       It is easier to install the shifting files now, then to have debug a problem caused by their absence later.
.. [#] Specifically, GeoDjango provides support for the `OGR <http://gdal.org/ogr>`_ library, a component of GDAL.
.. [#] See `GDAL ticket #2382 <http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/2382>`_.
.. [#] GeoDjango uses the `find_library <http://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html#finding-shared-libraries>`_
       routine from ``ctypes.util`` to locate shared libraries.
.. [#] The ``psycopg2`` Windows installers are packaged and maintained by
       `Jason Erickson <http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/>`_.
.. [#] The source code for the installer is available in the `nsis_installer <http://geodjango.org/hg/nsis_installer/>`_
       GeoDjango mercurial repository.