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# Copyright 2010 Jacob Kaplan-Moss
# Copyright 2011 OpenStack LLC.
# Copyright 2011 Piston Cloud Computing, Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
"""
OpenStack Client interface. Handles the REST calls and responses.
"""
import httplib2
import logging
import os
import urlparse
try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json
# Python 2.5 compat fix
if not hasattr(urlparse, 'parse_qsl'):
import cgi
urlparse.parse_qsl = cgi.parse_qsl
from novaclient import exceptions
from novaclient import service_catalog
from novaclient import utils
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class HTTPClient(httplib2.Http):
USER_AGENT = 'python-novaclient'
def __init__(self, user, password, projectid, auth_url, insecure=False,
timeout=None, proxy_tenant_id=None,
proxy_token=None, region_name=None,
endpoint_type='publicURL', service_type=None,
service_name=None):
super(HTTPClient, self).__init__(timeout=timeout)
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.projectid = projectid
self.auth_url = auth_url.rstrip('/')
self.version = 'v1.1'
self.region_name = region_name
self.endpoint_type = endpoint_type
self.service_type = service_type
self.service_name = service_name
self.management_url = None
self.auth_token = None
self.proxy_token = proxy_token
self.proxy_tenant_id = proxy_tenant_id
# httplib2 overrides
self.force_exception_to_status_code = True
self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = insecure
def http_log(self, args, kwargs, resp, body):
if 'NOVACLIENT_DEBUG' in os.environ and os.environ['NOVACLIENT_DEBUG']:
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
_logger.addHandler(ch)
elif not _logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
return
string_parts = ['curl -i']
for element in args:
if element in ('GET', 'POST'):
string_parts.append(' -X %s' % element)
else:
string_parts.append(' %s' % element)
for element in kwargs['headers']:
header = ' -H "%s: %s"' % (element, kwargs['headers'][element])
string_parts.append(header)
_logger.debug("REQ: %s\n" % "".join(string_parts))
if 'body' in kwargs:
_logger.debug("REQ BODY: %s\n" % (kwargs['body']))
_logger.debug("RESP:%s %s\n", resp, body)
def request(self, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault('headers', kwargs.get('headers', {}))
kwargs['headers']['User-Agent'] = self.USER_AGENT
kwargs['headers']['Accept'] = 'application/json'
if 'body' in kwargs:
kwargs['headers']['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
kwargs['body'] = json.dumps(kwargs['body'])
resp, body = super(HTTPClient, self).request(*args, **kwargs)
self.http_log(args, kwargs, resp, body)
if body:
try:
body = json.loads(body)
except ValueError, e:
pass
else:
body = None
if resp.status in (400, 401, 403, 404, 408, 409, 413, 500, 501):
raise exceptions.from_response(resp, body)
return resp, body
def _cs_request(self, url, method, **kwargs):
if not self.management_url:
self.authenticate()
# Perform the request once. If we get a 401 back then it
# might be because the auth token expired, so try to
# re-authenticate and try again. If it still fails, bail.
try:
kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})['X-Auth-Token'] = self.auth_token
if self.projectid:
kwargs['headers']['X-Auth-Project-Id'] = self.projectid
resp, body = self.request(self.management_url + url, method,
**kwargs)
return resp, body
except exceptions.Unauthorized, ex:
try:
self.authenticate()
resp, body = self.request(self.management_url + url, method,
**kwargs)
return resp, body
except exceptions.Unauthorized:
raise ex
def get(self, url, **kwargs):
return self._cs_request(url, 'GET', **kwargs)
def post(self, url, **kwargs):
return self._cs_request(url, 'POST', **kwargs)
def put(self, url, **kwargs):
return self._cs_request(url, 'PUT', **kwargs)
def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
return self._cs_request(url, 'DELETE', **kwargs)
def _extract_service_catalog(self, url, resp, body, extract_token=True):
"""See what the auth service told us and process the response.
We may get redirected to another site, fail or actually get
back a service catalog with a token and our endpoints."""
if resp.status == 200: # content must always present
try:
self.auth_url = url
self.service_catalog = \
service_catalog.ServiceCatalog(body)
if extract_token:
self.auth_token = self.service_catalog.get_token()
management_url = self.service_catalog.url_for(
attr='region',
filter_value=self.region_name,
endpoint_type=self.endpoint_type,
service_type=self.service_type,
service_name=self.service_name)
self.management_url = management_url.rstrip('/')
return None
except exceptions.AmbiguousEndpoints, exc:
print "Found more than one valid endpoint. Use a more " \
"restrictive filter"
raise
except KeyError:
raise exceptions.AuthorizationFailure()
except exceptions.EndpointNotFound:
print "Could not find any suitable endpoint. Correct region?"
raise
elif resp.status == 305:
return resp['location']
else:
raise exceptions.from_response(resp, body)
def _fetch_endpoints_from_auth(self, url):
"""We have a token, but don't know the final endpoint for
the region. We have to go back to the auth service and
ask again. This request requires an admin-level token
to work. The proxy token supplied could be from a low-level enduser.
We can't get this from the keystone service endpoint, we have to use
the admin endpoint.
This will overwrite our admin token with the user token.
"""
# GET ...:5001/v2.0/tokens/#####/endpoints
url = '/'.join([url, 'tokens', '%s?belongsTo=%s'
% (self.proxy_token, self.proxy_tenant_id)])
_logger.debug("Using Endpoint URL: %s" % url)
resp, body = self.request(url, "GET",
headers={'X-Auth_Token': self.auth_token})
return self._extract_service_catalog(url, resp, body,
extract_token=False)
def authenticate(self):
magic_tuple = urlparse.urlsplit(self.auth_url)
scheme, netloc, path, query, frag = magic_tuple
port = magic_tuple.port
if port is None:
port = 80
path_parts = path.split('/')
for part in path_parts:
if len(part) > 0 and part[0] == 'v':
self.version = part
break
# TODO(sandy): Assume admin endpoint is 35357 for now.
# Ideally this is going to have to be provided by the service catalog.
new_netloc = netloc.replace(':%d' % port, ':%d' % (35357,))
admin_url = urlparse.urlunsplit(
(scheme, new_netloc, path, query, frag))
auth_url = self.auth_url
if self.version == "v2.0": # FIXME(chris): This should be better.
while auth_url:
if "NOVA_RAX_AUTH" in os.environ:
auth_url = self._rax_auth(auth_url)
else:
auth_url = self._v2_auth(auth_url)
# Are we acting on behalf of another user via an
# existing token? If so, our actual endpoints may
# be different than that of the admin token.
if self.proxy_token:
self._fetch_endpoints_from_auth(admin_url)
# Since keystone no longer returns the user token
# with the endpoints any more, we need to replace
# our service account token with the user token.
self.auth_token = self.proxy_token
else:
try:
while auth_url:
auth_url = self._v1_auth(auth_url)
# In some configurations nova makes redirection to
# v2.0 keystone endpoint. Also, new location does not contain
# real endpoint, only hostname and port.
except exceptions.AuthorizationFailure:
if auth_url.find('v2.0') < 0:
auth_url = auth_url + '/v2.0'
self._v2_auth(auth_url)
def _v1_auth(self, url):
if self.proxy_token:
raise exceptions.NoTokenLookupException()
headers = {'X-Auth-User': self.user,
'X-Auth-Key': self.password}
if self.projectid:
headers['X-Auth-Project-Id'] = self.projectid
resp, body = self.request(url, 'GET', headers=headers)
if resp.status in (200, 204): # in some cases we get No Content
try:
mgmt_header = 'x-server-management-url'
self.management_url = resp[mgmt_header].rstrip('/')
self.auth_token = resp['x-auth-token']
self.auth_url = url
except KeyError:
raise exceptions.AuthorizationFailure()
elif resp.status == 305:
return resp['location']
else:
raise exceptions.from_response(resp, body)
def _v2_auth(self, url):
"""Authenticate against a v2.0 auth service."""
body = {"auth": {
"passwordCredentials": {"username": self.user,
"password": self.password}}}
if self.projectid:
body['auth']['tenantName'] = self.projectid
self._authenticate(url, body)
def _rax_auth(self, url):
"""Authenticate against the Rackspace auth service."""
body = {"auth": {
"RAX-KSKEY:apiKeyCredentials": {
"username": self.user,
"apiKey": self.password,
"tenantName": self.projectid}}}
self._authenticate(url, body)
def _authenticate(self, url, body):
"""Authenticate and extract the service catalog."""
token_url = url + "/tokens"
# Make sure we follow redirects when trying to reach Keystone
tmp_follow_all_redirects = self.follow_all_redirects
self.follow_all_redirects = True
try:
resp, body = self.request(token_url, "POST", body=body)
finally:
self.follow_all_redirects = tmp_follow_all_redirects
return self._extract_service_catalog(url, resp, body)
def get_client_class(version):
version_map = {
'1.1': 'novaclient.v1_1.client.Client',
'2': 'novaclient.v1_1.client.Client',
}
try:
client_path = version_map[str(version)]
except (KeyError, ValueError):
msg = "Invalid client version '%s'. must be one of: %s" % (
(version, ', '.join(version_map.keys())))
raise exceptions.UnsupportedVersion(msg)
return utils.import_class(client_path)
def Client(version, *args, **kwargs):
client_class = get_client_class(version)
return client_class(*args, **kwargs)
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