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SENDMAIL(1)                                                        SENDMAIL(1)

<b>NAME</b>
       sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface

<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
       <b>sendmail</b> [<i>option ...</i>] [<i>recipient ...</i>]

       <b>mailq</b>
       <b>sendmail -bp</b>

       <b>newaliases</b>
       <b>sendmail -I</b>

<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
       The Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command implements the Postfix to Sendmail com-
       patibility interface.  For the  sake  of  compatibility  with  existing
       applications,  some  Sendmail  command-line  options are recognized but
       silently ignored.

       By default, Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> reads a  message  from  standard  input
       until  EOF  or  until  it  reads  a  line  with only a <b>.</b> character, and
       arranges for delivery.  Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> relies on  the  <a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a>
       command to create a queue file in the <b>maildrop</b> directory.

       Specific  command aliases are provided for other common modes of opera-
       tion:

       <b>mailq</b>  List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message
              size,  arrival  time, sender, and the recipients that still need
              to be delivered.  If mail could not be delivered upon  the  last
              attempt, the reason for failure is shown. The queue ID string is
              followed by an optional status character:

              <b>*</b>      The message is in the <b>active</b> queue, i.e. the  message  is
                     selected for delivery.

              <b>!</b>      The  message is in the <b>hold</b> queue, i.e. no further deliv-
                     ery attempt will be made until  the  mail  is  taken  off
                     hold.

              This   mode   of  operation  is  implemented  by  executing  the
              <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command.

       <b>newaliases</b>
              Initialize the alias database.  If no input  file  is  specified
              (with  the  <b>-oA</b>  option,  see  below), the program processes the
              file(s) specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a></b> configuration  parame-
              ter.   If  no alias database type is specified, the program uses
              the type specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a></b>  configuration
              parameter.  This mode of operation is implemented by running the
              <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command.

              Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update
              becomes  visible.  Use the "<b>postfix reload</b>" command to eliminate
              this delay.

       These and other features can be selected by specifying the  appropriate
       combination  of  command-line  options. Some features are controlled by
       parameters in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration file.

       The following options are recognized:

       <b>-Am</b> (ignored)

       <b>-Ac</b> (ignored)
              Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless  of
              whether or not a message is an initial submission.

       <b>-B</b> <i>body</i><b>_</b><i>type</i>
              The message body MIME type: <b>7BIT</b> or <b>8BITMIME</b>.

       <b>-bd</b>    Go  into  daemon  mode. This mode of operation is implemented by
              executing the "<b>postfix start</b>" command.

       <b>-bh</b> (ignored)

       <b>-bH</b> (ignored)
              Postfix has no persistent host status database.

       <b>-bi</b>    Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> command above.

       <b>-bl</b>    Go into daemon mode. To accept only local  connections  as  with
              Sendmail's  <b>-bl</b>  option, specify "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> = loopback</b>" in
              the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration file.

       <b>-bm</b>    Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery.  This is
              the default mode of operation.

       <b>-bp</b>    List the mail queue. See the <b>mailq</b> command above.

       <b>-bs</b>    Stand-alone  SMTP  server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard
              input, and write responses to standard output.   In  stand-alone
              SMTP  server  mode,  mail relaying and other access controls are
              disabled by default. To enable them,  run  the  process  as  the
              <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> user.

              This  mode  of  operation is implemented by running the <a href="smtpd.8.html"><b>smtpd</b>(8)</a>
              daemon.

       <b>-bv</b>    Do not collect or deliver a  message.  Instead,  send  an  email
              report  after  verifying each recipient address.  This is useful
              for testing address rewriting and routing configurations.

              This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later.

       <b>-C</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>file</i>

       <b>-C</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>
              The path name of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a>  file,  or  of  its  parent
              directory.  This  information  is  ignored with Postfix versions
              before 2.3.

              With all Postfix versions, you can specify a directory  pathname
              with  the MAIL_CONFIG environment variable to override the loca-
              tion of configuration files.

       <b>-F</b> <i>full</i><b>_</b><i>name</i>
              Set the sender full name. This overrides  the  NAME  environment
              variable, and is used only with messages that have no <b>From:</b> mes-
              sage header.

       <b>-f</b> <i>sender</i>
              Set the envelope sender  address.  This  is  the  address  where
              delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1,
              the  <b>Errors-To:</b>  message  header  overrides  the  error   return
              address.

       <b>-G</b>     Gateway  (relay)  submission, as opposed to initial user submis-
              sion.  Either do not rewrite addresses at all, or update  incom-
              plete  addresses  with  the  domain  information  specified with
              <b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a></b>.

              This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.3.

       <b>-h</b> <i>hop</i><b>_</b><i>count</i> (ignored)
              Hop count limit. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a></b> configuration  parameter
              instead.

       <b>-I</b>     Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> command above.

       <b>-i</b>     When  reading  a message from standard input, don't treat a line
              with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of input.

       <b>-L</b> <i>label</i> (ignored)
              The logging label. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a></b>  configuration  parameter
              instead.

       <b>-m</b> (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       <b>-N</b> <i>dsn</i> (default: 'delay, failure')
              Delivery  status  notification  control. Specify either a comma-
              separated list with one or more of  <b>failure</b>  (send  notification
              when  delivery fails), <b>delay</b> (send notification when delivery is
              delayed), or <b>success</b> (send  notification  when  the  message  is
              delivered);  or  specify  <b>never</b> (don't send any notifications at
              all).

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.

       <b>-n</b> (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       <b>-oA</b><i>alias</i><b>_</b><i>database</i>
              Non-default alias database. Specify <i>pathname</i>  or  <i>type</i>:<i>pathname</i>.
              See <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> for details.

       <b>-O</b> <i>option=value</i> (ignored)
              Set  the named <i>option</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configuration
              parameter in <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> instead.

       <b>-o7</b> (ignored)

       <b>-o8</b> (ignored)
              To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME  encap-
              sulation and specify the appropriate <b>-B</b> command-line option.

       <b>-oi</b>    When  reading  a message from standard input, don't treat a line
              with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of input.

       <b>-om</b> (ignored)
              The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions.

       <b>-o</b> <i>x value</i> (ignored)
              Set option <i>x</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configuration  parame-
              ter in <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> instead.

       <b>-r</b> <i>sender</i>
              Set  the  envelope  sender  address.  This  is the address where
              delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1,
              the   <b>Errors-To:</b>  message  header  overrides  the  error  return
              address.

       <b>-R</b> <i>return</i>
              Delivery status notification control.  Specify "hdrs" to  return
              only  the header when a message bounces, "full" to return a full
              copy (the default behavior).

              The <b>-R</b> option specifies an upper bound; Postfix will return only
              the  header, when a full copy would exceed the <a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a>
              setting.

              This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.10.

       <b>-q</b>     Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by  exe-
              cuting the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command.

              Warning:  flushing  undeliverable mail frequently will result in
              poor delivery performance of all other mail.

       <b>-q</b><i>interval</i> (ignored)
              The interval between queue runs. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a></b> config-
              uration parameter instead.

       <b>-qI</b><i>queueid</i>
              Schedule immediate delivery of mail with the specified queue ID.
              This option is implemented by executing  the  <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a>  com-
              mand, and is available with Postfix version 2.4 and later.

       <b>-qR</b><i>site</i>
              Schedule  immediate  delivery of all mail that is queued for the
              named <i>site</i>. This option accepts only <i>site</i> names that are  eligi-
              ble  for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by execut-
              ing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command.  See <a href="flush.8.html"><b>flush</b>(8)</a> for more information
              about the "fast flush" service.

       <b>-qS</b><i>site</i>
              This  command  is  not implemented. Use the slower "<b>sendmail -q</b>"
              command instead.

       <b>-t</b>     Extract recipients from message headers. These are added to  any
              recipients specified on the command line.

              With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that no
              recipient addresses are specified on the command line.

       <b>-U</b> (ignored)
              Initial user submission.

       <b>-V</b> <i>envid</i>
              Specify the envelope ID for notification by servers that support
              DSN.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.

       <b>-XV</b> (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: <b>-V</b>)
              Variable  Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address
              of the form <i>owner-listname</i>@<i>origin</i>,  each  recipient  <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>
              receives mail with a personalized envelope sender address.

              By  default,  the personalized envelope sender address is <i>owner-</i>
              <i>listname</i><b>+</b><i>user</i><b>=</b><i>domain</i>@<i>origin</i>. The default <b>+</b> and <b>=</b> characters  are
              configurable   with  the  <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a></b>  configuration
              parameter.

       <b>-XV</b><i>xy</i> (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: <b>-V</b><i>xy</i>)
              As <b>-XV</b>, but uses <i>x</i> and  <i>y</i>  as  the  VERP  delimiter  characters,
              instead of the characters specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delim</a>-</b>
              <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">iters</a></b> configuration parameter.

       <b>-v</b>     Send an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix ver-
              sions  2.1 and later). Mail delivery always happens in the back-
              ground. When multiple <b>-v</b> options are given, enable verbose  log-
              ging for debugging purposes.

       <b>-X</b> <i>log</i><b>_</b><i>file</i> (ignored)
              Log mailer traffic. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a></b> and <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a></b>
              configuration parameters instead.

<b>SECURITY</b>
       By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. However, it must
       handle  data  from  untrusted, possibly remote, users.  Thus, the usual
       precautions need to be taken against malicious inputs.

<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
       Problems are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8) and to the standard error stream.

<b>ENVIRONMENT</b>
       <b>MAIL_CONFIG</b>
              Directory with Postfix configuration files.

       <b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b> (value does not matter)
              Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

       <b>MAIL_DEBUG</b> (value does not matter)
              Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with the
              <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration parameter.

       <b>NAME</b>   The  sender full name. This is used only with messages that have
              no <b>From:</b> message header. See also the <b>-F</b> option above.

<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
       The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> parameters are especially relevant to  this  pro-
       gram.   The  text  below  provides  only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>post-</b></a>
       <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>conf</b>(5)</a> for more details including examples.

<b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b>
       Available with Postfix 2.9 and later:

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_fix_line_endings">sendmail_fix_line_endings</a> (always)</b>
              Controls how the Postfix sendmail command converts email message
              line endings from &lt;CR&gt;&lt;LF&gt; into UNIX format (&lt;LF&gt;).

<b>TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS</b>
       The  <a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a> file gives examples of how to trouble shoot a Postfix
       system.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> (empty)</b>
              The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is
              invoked with the -D option.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a> (2)</b>
              The  increment  in verbose logging level when a remote client or
              server matches a pattern in the <a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> parameter.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> (empty)</b>
              Optional list of remote client or  server  hostname  or  network
              address  patterns  that  cause  the  verbose  logging  level  to
              increase by the amount specified in $<a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a>.

<b>ACCESS CONTROLS</b>
       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_flush_users">authorized_flush_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b>
              List of users who are authorized to flush the queue.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_mailq_users">authorized_mailq_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b>
              List of users who are authorized to view the queue.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#authorized_submit_users">authorized_submit_users</a> (<a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:anyone)</b>
              List of users who are authorized to submit mail with  the  <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>send-</b></a>
              <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>mail</b>(1)</a> command (and with the privileged <a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a> helper com-
              mand).

<b>RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b>
       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a> (50000)</b>
              The maximal amount of original message text that is  sent  in  a
              non-delivery notification.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_attempts">fork_attempts</a> (5)</b>
              The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child process.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_delay">fork_delay</a> (1s)</b>
              The delay between attempts to fork() a child process.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a> (50)</b>
              The maximal number of Received:  message headers that is allowed
              in the primary message headers.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b>
              The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a>  scans  by  the  queue  manager;
              prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s.

<b>FAST FLUSH CONTROLS</b>
       The  <a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a> file describes configuration and operation details for
       the Postfix "fast flush" service.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#fast_flush_domains">fast_flush_domains</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a>)</b>
              Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destina-
              tion logfiles with mail that is queued to those destinations.

<b>VERP CONTROLS</b>
       The  <a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a>  file describes configuration and operation details of
       Postfix support for variable envelope return path addresses.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a> (+=)</b>
              The two default VERP delimiter characters.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#verp_delimiter_filter">verp_delimiter_filter</a> (-=+)</b>
              The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter  characters  on
              the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command line and in SMTP commands.

<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The  alias databases for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery that are updated with
              "<b>newaliases</b>" or with "<b>sendmail -bi</b>".

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The location of all postfix administrative commands.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and  <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>  con-
              figuration files.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The default database type for use in <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a>, <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a>
              and <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> commands.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_warning_time">delay_warning_time</a> (0h)</b>
              The  time  after which the sender receives a copy of the message
              headers of mail that is still queued.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#enable_errors_to">enable_errors_to</a> (no)</b>
              Report mail delivery errors to the address  specified  with  the
              non-standard  Errors-To: message header, instead of the envelope
              sender address (this feature is  removed  with  Postfix  version
              2.2,  is  turned off by default with Postfix version 2.1, and is
              always turned on with older Postfix versions).

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b>
              The UNIX system account that owns the  Postfix  queue  and  most
              Postfix daemon processes.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a> (empty)</b>
              Don't  rewrite  message  headers from remote clients at all when
              this parameter is empty; otherwise, rewrite message headers  and
              append the specified domain name to incomplete addresses.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
              The  mail  system  name that is prepended to the process name in
              syslog records, so that "smtpd"  becomes,  for  example,  "post-
              fix/smtpd".

<b>FILES</b>
       /var/spool/postfix, mail queue
       /etc/postfix, configuration files

<b>SEE ALSO</b>
       <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, mail pickup daemon
       <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
       <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, SMTP server
       <a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, fast flush service
       <a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, queue maintenance
       <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database
       <a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, mail posting utility
       <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, mail system control
       <a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, mail queue control
       syslogd(8), system logging

<b>README_FILES</b>
       Use  "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a></b>" or "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a></b>" to locate
       this information.
       <a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a>, Postfix debugging howto
       <a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a>, Postfix ETRN howto
       <a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a>, Postfix VERP howto

<b>LICENSE</b>
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

                                                                   SENDMAIL(1)
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