~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/wily/grub2/wily

-*- Text -*-

This is the GRUB.  Welcome.

This file contains instructions for compiling and installing the GRUB.

The Requirements

================

GRUB depends on some software packages installed into your system. If

you don't have any of them, please obtain and install them before

configuring the GRUB.

* GCC 4.1.3 or later

  Note: older versions may work but support is limited

  Note: clang 3.2 or later works for i386 and x86_64 targets but results in

        much bigger binaries.

	earlier versions not tested

  Note: clang 3.2 or later works for arm

	None of tested clang versions generated usable thumb code

	earlier versions not tested

  Note: clang 3.3 or later works for arm64

	earlier versions have no arm64 support

  Note: clang 3.3 or later works for mips(el)

	earlier versions fail to generate .reginfo and hence gprel relocations

	fail.

  Note: clang 3.2 or later works for powerpc

	earlier versions not tested

  Note: clang doesn't support -mno-app-regs and so can't be used for sparc64

  Note: clang has no support for ia64 and hence you can't compile GRUB

	for ia64 with clang

* GNU Make

* GNU Bison 2.3 or later

* GNU gettext 0.17 or later

* GNU binutils 2.9.1.0.23 or later

* Flex 2.5.35 or later

* Other standard GNU/Unix tools

On GNU/Linux, you also need:

* libdevmapper 1.02.34 or later (recommended)

For optional grub-emu features, you need:

* SDL (recommended)

* libpciaccess (optional)

* libusb (optional)

To build GRUB's graphical terminal (gfxterm), you need:

* FreeType 2 or later

* GNU Unifont

If you use a development snapshot or want to hack on GRUB you may

need the following.

* Python 2.6 or later

* Autoconf 2.60 or later

* Automake 1.10.1 or later

Prerequisites for make-check:

* qemu, specifically the binary 'qemu-system-i386'

* xorriso 1.2.9 or later, for grub-mkrescue and grub-shell

Configuring the GRUB

====================

The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for

various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses

those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.

It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent

definitions.  Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that

you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a

file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up

reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing compiler output

(useful mainly for debugging `configure').

If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try to

figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail

diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can

be considered for the next release.  If at some point `config.cache'

contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.

The file `configure.ac' is used to create `configure' by a program

called `autoconf'.  You only need `configure.in' if you want to change

it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'.

Building the GRUB

=================

The simplest way to compile this package is:

  1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code.

  2. Skip this and following step if you use release tarball and proceed to

     step 4. If you want translations type `./linguas.sh'.

  3. Type `./autogen.sh'.

  4. Type `./configure' to configure the package for your system.

     If you're using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might

     need to type `sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying

     to execute `configure' itself.

     Running `configure' takes awhile.  While running, it prints some

     messages telling which features it is checking for.

  6. Type `make' to compile the package.

  7. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with

     the package.

  8. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and

     documentation.

  9. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the

     source code directory by typing `make clean'.  To also remove the

     files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for

     a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.  There is

     also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly

     for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get

     all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came

     with the distribution.

Cross-compiling the GRUB

========================

GRUB defines 3 platforms:

  - "Build" is the one which build systems runs on.

  - "Host" is where you execute GRUB utils.

  - "Target" is where GRUB itself runs.

For grub-emu host and target must be the same but may differ from build.

If build and host are different make check isn't available.

If build and host are different man pages are not generated.

As an example imagine you have a build system running on FreeBSD on sparc

which prepares packages for developpers running amd64 GNU/Linux laptop and

they need to make images for ARM board running U-boot. In this case:

build=sparc64-freebsd

host=amd64-linux-gnu

target=arm-uboot

For this example the configure line might look like (more details below)

(some options are optional and included here for completeness but some rarely

used options are omited):

./configure BUILD_CC=gcc BUILD_FREETYPE=freetype-config --host=amd64-linux-gnu

CC=amd64-linux-gnu-gcc CFLAGS="-g -O2" FREETYPE=amd64-linux-gnu-freetype-config

--target=arm --with-platform=uboot TARGET_CC=arm-elf-gcc

TARGET_CFLAGS="-Os -march=armv6" TARGET_CCASFLAGS="-march=armv6"

TARGET_OBJCOPY="arm-elf-objcopy" TARGET_STRIP="arm-elf-strip"

TARGET_NM=arm-elf-nm TARGET_RANLIB=arm-elf-ranlib LEX=gflex

You need to use following options to specify tools and platforms. For minimum

version look at prerequisites. All tools not mentioned in this section under

corresponding platform are not needed for the platform in question.

  - For build

    1. BUILD_CC= to gcc able to compile for build. This is used, for

       example, to compile build-gentrigtables which is then run to

       generate sin and cos tables.

    2. BUILD_CFLAGS= for C options for build.

    3. BUILD_CPPFLAGS= for C preprocessor options for build.

    4. BUILD_FREETYPE= for freetype-config for build (optional).

  - For host

    1. --host= to autoconf name of host.

    2. CC= for gcc able to compile for host

    3. CFLAGS= for C options for host.

    4. CPPFLAGS= for C preprocessor options for host.

    5. LDFLAGS= for linker options for host.

    6. FREETYPE= for freetype-config for host (optional).

    7. Libdevmapper if any must be in standard linker folders (-ldevmapper) (optional).

    8. Libfuse if any must be in standard linker folders (-lfuse) (optional).

    9. Libzfs if any must be in standard linker folders (-lzfs) (optional).

    10. Liblzma if any must be in standard linker folders (-llzma) (optional).

  - For target

    1. --target= to autoconf cpu name of target.

    2. --with-platform to choose firmware.

    3. TARGET_CC= for gcc able to compile for target

    4. TARGET_CFLAGS= for C options for target.

    5. TARGET_CPPFLAGS= for C preprocessor options for target.

    6. TARGET_CCASFLAGS= for assembler options for target.

    7. TARGET_LDFLAGS= for linker options for target.

    8. TARGET_OBJCOPY= for objcopy for target.

    9. TARGET_STRIP= for strip for target.

    10. TARGET_NM= for nm for target.

    11. TARGET_RANLIB= for ranlib for target.

  - Additionally for emu, for host and target.

    1. SDL is looked for in stadard linker directories (-lSDL) (optional)

    2. libpciaccess is looked for in stadard linker directories (-lpciaccess) (optional)

    3. libusb is looked for in stadard linker directories (-lusb) (optional)

  - Platform-agnostic tools and data.

    1. make is the tool you execute after ./configure.

    2. Bison is specified in YACC= variable

    3. Flex is specified in LEX= variable

    4. GNU unifont and Djvu sans are looked for in standard directories.

Compiling For Multiple Architectures

====================================

You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the

same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their

own directory.  `cd' to the directory where you want the object files

and executables to go and run the `configure' script.  `configure'

automatically checks for the source code in the directory that

`configure' is in and in `..'.

Installation Names

==================

By default, `make install' will install the package's files in

`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc.  You can specify an

installation prefix by giving `configure' the option `--prefix=PATH'.

You can specify separate installation prefixes for

architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If

you give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will

use PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.

Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.

In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give

options like `--bindir=PATH' to specify different values for

particular kinds of files.  Run `configure --help' for a list of the

directories you can set and what kinds of files go in them.

If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed

with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure'

the option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.

Please note, however, that the GRUB knows where it is located in the

filesystem.  If you have installed it in an unusual location, the

system might not work properly, or at all.  The chief utility of these

options for the GRUB is to allow you to "install" in some alternate

location, and then copy these to the actual root filesystem later.

Sharing Defaults

================

If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,

you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives

default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.

`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then

`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the

`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.

A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.

Operation Controls

==================

   `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it

operates.

`--cache-file=FILE'

     Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of

     `./config.cache'.  Set FILE to `/dev/null' to disable caching, for

     debugging `configure'.

`--help'

     Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.

`--quiet'

`--silent'

`-q'

     Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.

`--srcdir=DIR'

     Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually

     `configure' can determine that directory automatically.

`--version'

     Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'

     script, and exit.