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## Copyright (C) 2009 Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
##
## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
## the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
## Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
## version.
##
## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
## details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
## this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
## -*- texinfo -*-
## @deftypefn{Function File} [@var{x}, @var{ntrial}] = solvesudoku (@var{s})
## Solves a classical 9x9 sudoku. @var{s} should be a 9x9 array with
## numbers from 0:9. 0 indicates empty field.
## Returns the filled table or empty matrix if no solution exists.
## If requested, @var{ntrial} returns the number of trial-and-error steps needed.
## @end deftypefn
## This uses a recursive backtracking technique combined with revealing new singleton
## fields by logic. The beauty of it is that it is completely vectorized.
function [x, ntrial] = solvesudoku (s)
if (nargin != 1)
print_usage ();
endif
if (! (ismatrix (s) && ndims (s) == 2 && all (size (s) == [9, 9])))
error ("needs a 9x9 matrix");
endif
if (! ismember (unique (s(:)), 0:9))
error ("matrix must contain values from 0:9");
endif
if (! verifysudoku (s))
error ("matrix is not a valid sudoku grid");
endif
[x, ntrial] = solvesudoku_rec (s);
endfunction
function ok = verifysudoku (s)
[i, j, k] = find (s);
b = false (9, 9, 9);
b(sub2ind ([9, 9, 9], i, j, k)) = true;
okc = sum (b, 1) <= 1;
okr = sum (b, 2) <= 1;
b = reshape (b, [3, 3, 3, 3, 9]);
ok3 = sum (sum (b, 1), 3) <= 1;
ok = all (okc(:) & okr(:) & ok3(:));
endfunction
function [x, ntrial] = solvesudoku_rec (s)
x = s;
ntrial = 0;
## Run until the logic is exhausted.
do
b = getoptions (x);
s = x;
x = getsingletons (b, x);
finished = isempty (x) || all (x(:));
until (finished || all ((x == s)(:)));
if (! finished)
x = [];
## Find the field with minimum possibilities.
sb = sum (b, 3);
sb(s != 0) = 10;
[msb, i] = min (sb(:));
[i, j] = ind2sub ([9, 9], i);
## Try all guesses.
for k = find (b(i,j,:))'
s(i,j) = k;
[x, ntrial1] = solvesudoku_rec (s);
ntrial += 1 + ntrial1;
if (! isempty (x))
## Found solutions.
break;
endif
s(i,j) = 0;
endfor
endif
endfunction
## Given a 9x9x9 logical array of allowed values, get the logical singletons.
function s = getsingletons (b, s)
n0 = sum (s(:) != 0);
## Check for fields with only one option.
sb = sum (b, 3);
if (any (sb(:) == 0))
s = [];
return;
else
s1 = sb == 1;
## We want to return as soon as some new singletons are found.
[s(s1), xx] = find (reshape (b, [], 9)(s1, :).');
if (sum (s(:) != 0) > n0)
return;
endif
endif
## Check for columns where a number has only one field left.
sb = squeeze (sum (b, 1));
if (any (sb(:) == 0))
s = [];
return;
else
s1 = sb == 1;
[j, k] = find (s1);
[i, xx] = find (b(:, s1));
s(sub2ind ([9, 9], i, j)) = k;
if (sum (s(:) != 0) > n0)
return;
endif
endif
## Ditto for rows.
sb = squeeze (sum (b, 2));
if (any (sb(:) == 0))
s = [];
return;
else
s1 = sb == 1;
[i, k] = find (s1);
[j, xx] = find (permute (b, [2, 1, 3])(:, s1));
s(sub2ind ([9, 9], i, j)) = k;
if (sum (s(:) != 0) > n0)
return;
endif
endif
## 3x3 tiles.
bb = reshape (b, [3, 3, 3, 3, 9]);
sb = squeeze (sum (sum (bb, 1), 3));
if (any (sb(:) == 0))
s = [];
return;
else
s1 = reshape (sb == 1, 9, 9);
[j, k] = find (s1);
[i, xx] = find (reshape (permute (bb, [1, 3, 2, 4, 5]), 9, 9*9)(:, s1));
[i1, i2] = ind2sub ([3, 3], i);
[j1, j2] = ind2sub ([3, 3], j);
s(sub2ind ([3, 3, 3, 3], i1, j1, i2, j2)) = k;
if (sum (s(:) != 0) > n0)
return;
endif
endif
endfunction
## Given known values (singletons), calculate options.
function b = getoptions (s)
## Find true values.
[i, j, s] = find (s);
## Columns.
bc = true (9, 9, 9);
bc(:, sub2ind ([9, 9], j, s)) = false;
## Rows.
br = true (9, 9, 9);
br(:, sub2ind ([9, 9], i, s)) = false;
## 3x3 tiles.
b3 = true (3, 3, 3, 3, 9);
b3(:, :, sub2ind ([3, 3, 9], ceil (i/3), ceil (j/3), s)) = false;
## Permute elements to correct order.
br = permute (br, [2, 1, 3]);
b3 = reshape (permute (b3, [1, 3, 2, 4, 5]), [9, 9, 9]);
## The singleton fields themselves.
bb = true (9*9, 9);
bb(sub2ind ([9, 9], i, j), :) = false;
bb = reshape (bb, [9, 9, 9]);
## Form result.
b = bc & br & b3 & bb;
## Correct singleton fields.
b = reshape (b, 9, 9, 9);
b(sub2ind ([9, 9, 9], i, j, s)) = true;
endfunction
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