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.\" GNU glibc-2 source code and manual
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.\" OpenGroup's Single Unix specification http://www.UNIX-systems.org/online.html
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.TH ICONV 3 "September 7, 2008" "GNU"
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.TH ICONV 3 "May 24, 2023" "GNU"
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iconv \- perform character set conversion
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If the character encoding of the input is stateful, the \fBiconv\fP function
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can also convert a sequence of input bytes to an update of the conversion state
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without producing any output bytes; such input is called a \fIshift sequence\fP.
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The conversion can stop for four reasons:
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The conversion can stop for five reasons:
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1. An invalid multibyte sequence is encountered in the input. In this case
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it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1). \fI*inbuf\fP
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\fBEINVAL\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1). \fI*inbuf\fP is left pointing to the
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beginning of the incomplete multibyte sequence.
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4. The output buffer has no more room for the next converted character. In
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4. A multibyte sequence is encountered that is valid but that cannot be
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translated to the character encoding of the output.
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This condition depends on the implementation and on the conversion
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In the GNU C library and GNU libiconv, if \fIcd\fP was created without the
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suffix \fB//TRANSLIT\fP or \fB//IGNORE\fP, the conversion is strict: lossy
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conversions produce this condition.
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If the suffix \fB//TRANSLIT\fP was specified, transliteration can avoid this
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condition in some cases.
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In the musl C library, this condition cannot occur because a conversion to
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\fB\[aq]*\[aq]\fP is used as a fallback.
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In the FreeBSD, NetBSD, and Solaris implementations of \fBiconv\fP, this
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condition cannot occur either, because a conversion to \fB\[aq]?\[aq]\fP is
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When this condition is met, the \fBiconv\fP function sets \fBerrno\fP to
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\fBEILSEQ\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1).
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\fI*inbuf\fP is left pointing to the beginning of the unconvertible multibyte
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5. The output buffer has no more room for the next converted character. In
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this case it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBE2BIG\fP and returns (size_t)(\-1).
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A different case is when \fIinbuf\fP is NULL or \fI*inbuf\fP is NULL, but
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man/iconv.3
