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* SSL utilities for Requests
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* @subpackage Utilities
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* SSL utilities for Requests
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* Collection of utilities for working with and verifying SSL certificates.
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* @subpackage Utilities
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* Verify the certificate against common name and subject alternative names
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* Unfortunately, PHP doesn't check the certificate against the alternative
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* names, leading things like 'https://www.github.com/' to be invalid.
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* @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818#section-3.1 RFC2818, Section 3.1
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* @throws Requests_Exception On not obtaining a match for the host (`fsockopen.ssl.no_match`)
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* @param string $host Host name to verify against
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* @param array $cert Certificate data from openssl_x509_parse()
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public static function verify_certificate($host, $cert) {
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// Calculate the valid wildcard match if the host is not an IP address
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$parts = explode('.', $host);
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if (ip2long($host) === false) {
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$wildcard = implode('.', $parts);
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// Check the subjectAltName
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if (!empty($cert['extensions']) && !empty($cert['extensions']['subjectAltName'])) {
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$altnames = explode(',', $cert['extensions']['subjectAltName']);
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foreach ($altnames as $altname) {
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$altname = trim($altname);
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if (strpos($altname, 'DNS:') !== 0) {
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// Strip the 'DNS:' prefix and trim whitespace
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$altname = trim(substr($altname, 4));
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if (self::match_domain($host, $altname) === true) {
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// Fall back to checking the common name if we didn't get any dNSName
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// alt names, as per RFC2818
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if (!$has_dns_alt && !empty($cert['subject']['CN'])) {
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if (self::match_domain($host, $cert['subject']['CN']) === true) {
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* Verify that a reference name is valid
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* Verifies a dNSName for HTTPS usage, (almost) as per Firefox's rules:
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* - Wildcards can only occur in a name with more than 3 components
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* - Wildcards can only occur as the last character in the first
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* - Wildcards may be preceded by additional characters
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* We modify these rules to be a bit stricter and only allow the wildcard
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* character to be the full first component; that is, with the exclusion of
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* @param string $reference Reference dNSName
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* @return boolean Is the name valid?
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public static function verify_reference_name($reference) {
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$parts = explode('.', $reference);
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// Check the first part of the name
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$first = array_shift($parts);
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if (strpos($first, '*') !== false) {
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// Check that the wildcard is the full part
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// Check that we have at least 3 components (including first)
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if (count($parts) < 2) {
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// Check the remaining parts
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foreach ($parts as $part) {
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if (strpos($part, '*') !== false) {
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// Nothing found, verified!
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* Match a hostname against a dNSName reference
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* @param string $host Requested host
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* @param string $reference dNSName to match against
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* @return boolean Does the domain match?
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public static function match_domain($host, $reference) {
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// Check if the reference is blacklisted first
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if (self::verify_reference_name($reference) !== true) {
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// Check for a direct match
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if ($host === $reference) {
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// Calculate the valid wildcard match if the host is not an IP address
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// Also validates that the host has 3 parts or more, as per Firefox's
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if (ip2long($host) === false) {
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$parts = explode('.', $host);
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$wildcard = implode('.', $parts);
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if ($wildcard === $reference) {
b'\\ No newline at end of file'