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# (c) 2008-2014 Chris Dent.
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# Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without
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# fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear
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# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
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# SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
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# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
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# Original work found at: http://www.indented.co.uk/2010/01/23/powershell-subnet-math/
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function ConvertTo-DecimalIP {
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Converts a Decimal IP address into a 32-bit unsigned integer.
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ConvertTo-DecimalIP takes a decimal IP, uses a shift-like operation on each octet and returns a single UInt32 value.
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An IP Address to convert.
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
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[Net.IPAddress]$IPAddress
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$i = 3; $DecimalIP = 0;
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$IPAddress.GetAddressBytes() | ForEach-Object { $DecimalIP += $_ * [Math]::Pow(256, $i); $i-- }
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return [UInt32]$DecimalIP
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# Original work found at: http://www.indented.co.uk/2010/01/23/powershell-subnet-math/
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function ConvertTo-MaskLength {
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Returns the length of a subnet mask.
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ConvertTo-MaskLength accepts any IPv4 address as input, however the output value
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only makes sense when using a subnet mask.
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A subnet mask to convert into length
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
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[Net.IPAddress]$SubnetMask
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$Bits = "$( $SubnetMask.GetAddressBytes() | ForEach-Object { [Convert]::ToString($_, 2) } )" -replace '[\s0]'
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# Original work found at: http://www.indented.co.uk/2010/01/23/powershell-subnet-math/
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function ConvertTo-DottedDecimalIP {
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Returns a dotted decimal IP address from either an unsigned 32-bit integer or a dotted binary string.
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ConvertTo-DottedDecimalIP uses a regular expression match on the input string to convert to an IP address.
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A string representation of an IP address from either UInt32 or dotted binary.
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
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Switch -RegEx ($IPAddress) {
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"([01]{8}.){3}[01]{8}" {
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return [String]::Join('.', $( $IPAddress.Split('.') | ForEach-Object { [Convert]::ToUInt32($_, 2) } ))
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$IPAddress = [UInt32]$IPAddress
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$DottedIP = $( For ($i = 3; $i -gt -1; $i--) {
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$Remainder = $IPAddress % [Math]::Pow(256, $i)
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($IPAddress - $Remainder) / [Math]::Pow(256, $i)
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$IPAddress = $Remainder
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return [String]::Join('.', $DottedIP)
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Write-Error "Cannot convert this format"
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# Original work found at: http://www.indented.co.uk/2010/01/23/powershell-subnet-math/
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function ConvertTo-Mask {
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Returns a dotted decimal subnet mask from a mask length.
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ConvertTo-Mask returns a subnet mask in dotted decimal format from an integer value ranging
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between 0 and 32. ConvertTo-Mask first creates a binary string from the length, converts
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that to an unsigned 32-bit integer then calls ConvertTo-DottedDecimalIP to complete the operation.
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.Parameter MaskLength
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The number of bits which must be masked.
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
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[ValidateRange(0, 32)]
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return ConvertTo-DottedDecimalIP ([Convert]::ToUInt32($(("1" * $MaskLength).PadRight(32, "0")), 2))
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# Original work found at: http://www.indented.co.uk/2010/01/23/powershell-subnet-math/
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function Get-NetworkAddress {
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Takes an IP address and subnet mask then calculates the network address for the range.
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Get-NetworkAddress returns the network address for a subnet by performing a bitwise AND
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operation against the decimal forms of the IP address and subnet mask. Get-NetworkAddress
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expects both the IP address and subnet mask in dotted decimal format.
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Any IP address within the network range.
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.Parameter SubnetMask
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The subnet mask for the network.
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
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[Net.IPAddress]$IPAddress,
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[Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 1)]
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[Net.IPAddress]$SubnetMask
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return ConvertTo-DottedDecimalIP ((ConvertTo-DecimalIP $IPAddress) -band (ConvertTo-DecimalIP $SubnetMask))
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Export-ModuleMember -Function * -Alias *
b'\\ No newline at end of file'
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lib/Modules/Networking/IPOperations.psm1
