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* Module written/ported by Xavier Noguer <xnoguer@php.net>
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* The majority of this is _NOT_ my code. I simply ported it from the
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* PERL Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
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* The author of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module is John McNamara
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* I _DO_ maintain this code, and John McNamara has nothing to do with the
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* porting of this code to PHP. Any questions directly related to this
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* class library should be directed to me.
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* License Information:
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* Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer: A library for generating Excel Spreadsheets
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* Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Xavier Noguer xnoguer@php.net
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* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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* Lesser General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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* Class for writing Excel BIFF records.
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* From "MICROSOFT EXCEL BINARY FILE FORMAT" by Mark O'Brien (Microsoft Corporation):
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* BIFF (BInary File Format) is the file format in which Excel documents are
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* saved on disk. A BIFF file is a complete description of an Excel document.
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* BIFF files consist of sequences of variable-length records. There are many
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* different types of BIFF records. For example, one record type describes a
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* formula entered into a cell; one describes the size and location of a
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* window into a document; another describes a picture format.
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* @author Xavier Noguer <xnoguer@php.net>
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* @category FileFormats
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* @package Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer
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class Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer_BIFFwriter extends PEAR
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* The BIFF/Excel version (5).
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var $_BIFF_version = 0x0500;
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* The byte order of this architecture. 0 => little endian, 1 => big endian
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* The string containing the data of the BIFF stream
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* The size of the data in bytes. Should be the same as strlen($this->_data)
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* The maximun length for a BIFF record. See _addContinue()
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function Spreadsheet_Excel_Writer_BIFFwriter()
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$this->_byte_order = '';
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$this->_setByteOrder();
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* Determine the byte order and store it as class data to avoid
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* recalculating it for each call to new().
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function _setByteOrder()
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// Check if "pack" gives the required IEEE 64bit float
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$teststr = pack("d", 1.2345);
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$number = pack("C8", 0x8D, 0x97, 0x6E, 0x12, 0x83, 0xC0, 0xF3, 0x3F);
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if ($number == $teststr) {
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$byte_order = 0; // Little Endian
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} elseif ($number == strrev($teststr)){
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$byte_order = 1; // Big Endian
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// Give up. I'll fix this in a later version.
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return $this->raiseError("Required floating point format ".
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"not supported on this platform.");
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$this->_byte_order = $byte_order;
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* General storage function
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* @param string $data binary data to prepend
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function _prepend($data)
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if (strlen($data) > $this->_limit) {
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$data = $this->_addContinue($data);
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$this->_data = $data.$this->_data;
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$this->_datasize += strlen($data);
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* General storage function
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* @param string $data binary data to append
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function _append($data)
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if (strlen($data) > $this->_limit) {
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$data = $this->_addContinue($data);
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$this->_data = $this->_data.$data;
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$this->_datasize += strlen($data);
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* Writes Excel BOF record to indicate the beginning of a stream or
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* sub-stream in the BIFF file.
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* @param integer $type Type of BIFF file to write: 0x0005 Workbook,
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function _storeBof($type)
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$record = 0x0809; // Record identifier
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// According to the SDK $build and $year should be set to zero.
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// However, this throws a warning in Excel 5. So, use magic numbers.
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if ($this->_BIFF_version == 0x0500) {
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} elseif ($this->_BIFF_version == 0x0600) {
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$unknown = pack("VV", 0x00000041, 0x00000006); //unknown last 8 bytes for BIFF8
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$version = $this->_BIFF_version;
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$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
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$data = pack("vvvv", $version, $type, $build, $year);
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$this->_prepend($header . $data . $unknown);
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* Writes Excel EOF record to indicate the end of a BIFF stream.
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$record = 0x000A; // Record identifier
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$length = 0x0000; // Number of bytes to follow
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$header = pack("vv", $record, $length);
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$this->_append($header);
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* Excel limits the size of BIFF records. In Excel 5 the limit is 2084 bytes. In
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* Excel 97 the limit is 8228 bytes. Records that are longer than these limits
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* must be split up into CONTINUE blocks.
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* This function takes a long BIFF record and inserts CONTINUE records as
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* @param string $data The original binary data to be written
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* @return string A very convenient string of continue blocks
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function _addContinue($data)
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$limit = $this->_limit;
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$record = 0x003C; // Record identifier
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// The first 2080/8224 bytes remain intact. However, we have to change
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// the length field of the record.
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$tmp = substr($data, 0, 2).pack("v", $limit-4).substr($data, 4, $limit - 4);
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$header = pack("vv", $record, $limit); // Headers for continue records
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// Retrieve chunks of 2080/8224 bytes +4 for the header.
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$data_length = strlen($data);
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for ($i = $limit; $i < ($data_length - $limit); $i += $limit) {
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$tmp .= substr($data, $i, $limit);
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// Retrieve the last chunk of data
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$header = pack("vv", $record, strlen($data) - $i);
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$tmp .= substr($data, $i, strlen($data) - $i);