~james-w/ubuntu/lucid/psycopg2/precise-backport

Committer: Bazaar Package Importer
Author(s): Fabio Tranchitella, Jakub Wilk, Fabio Tranchitella
Date: 2011-06-19 18:25:53 UTC
mfrom: (5.1.10 sid)
Revision ID: james.westby@ubuntu.com-20110619182553-uye7z0g5ewab98px

Tags: 2.4.2-1

[ Jakub Wilk ]
* Add Debian Python Modules Team to Uploaders.

[ Fabio Tranchitella ]
* New upstream release.
* debian/watch: updated, use pypi.
* debian/control, debian/rules: switched to dh_python2.
* debian/control: bumped Standard-Version to 3.9.2, no changes required.

files added:
Makefile

NEWS

ZPsycopgDA/icons/DBAdapterFolder_icon.gif

doc/html/_static/sidebar.js

doc/html/_static/underscore.js

doc/html/py-modindex.html

psycopg/_psycopg.vc9.amd64.manifest

psycopg/_psycopg.vc9.x86.manifest

psycopg/adapter_pint.c

psycopg/adapter_pint.h

psycopg/bytes_format.c

psycopg/notify.h

psycopg/notify_type.c

psycopg/xid.h

psycopg/xid_type.c

scripts/fix_b.py

scripts/refcounter.py

scripts/ticket58.py

tests/dbapi20_tpc.py

tests/test_cancel.py

tests/test_cursor.py

tests/testconfig.py

tests/testutils.py

files removed:
NEWS-2.0

NEWS-2.2

doc/html/modindex.html

psycopg/pgversion.h

files modified:
AUTHORS

ChangeLog

INSTALL

MANIFEST

MANIFEST.in

PKG-INFO

README

ZPsycopgDA/DA.py

ZPsycopgDA/__init__.py

debian/changelog

debian/control

debian/rules

debian/watch

doc/html/.buildinfo

doc/html/_sources/advanced.txt

doc/html/_sources/connection.txt

doc/html/_sources/cursor.txt

doc/html/_sources/errorcodes.txt

doc/html/_sources/extensions.txt

doc/html/_sources/extras.txt

doc/html/_sources/faq.txt

doc/html/_sources/index.txt

doc/html/_sources/module.txt

doc/html/_sources/pool.txt

doc/html/_sources/tz.txt

doc/html/_sources/usage.txt

doc/html/_static/basic.css

doc/html/_static/default.css

doc/html/_static/doctools.js

doc/html/_static/jquery.js

doc/html/_static/pygments.css

doc/html/_static/searchtools.js

doc/html/advanced.html

doc/html/connection.html

doc/html/cursor.html

doc/html/errorcodes.html

doc/html/extensions.html

doc/html/extras.html

doc/html/faq.html

doc/html/genindex.html

doc/html/index.html

doc/html/module.html

doc/html/objects.inv

doc/html/pool.html

doc/html/search.html

doc/html/searchindex.js

doc/html/tz.html

doc/html/usage.html

doc/psycopg2.txt

doc/src/advanced.rst

doc/src/conf.py

doc/src/connection.rst

doc/src/cursor.rst

doc/src/errorcodes.rst

doc/src/extensions.rst

doc/src/extras.rst

doc/src/faq.rst

doc/src/index.rst

doc/src/module.rst

doc/src/pool.rst

doc/src/tools/lib/dbapi_extension.py

doc/src/tz.rst

doc/src/usage.rst

lib/__init__.py

lib/errorcodes.py

lib/extensions.py

lib/extras.py

lib/pool.py

psycopg/adapter_asis.c

psycopg/adapter_asis.h

psycopg/adapter_binary.c

psycopg/adapter_binary.h

psycopg/adapter_datetime.c

psycopg/adapter_datetime.h

psycopg/adapter_list.c

psycopg/adapter_list.h

psycopg/adapter_mxdatetime.c

psycopg/adapter_mxdatetime.h

psycopg/adapter_pboolean.c

psycopg/adapter_pboolean.h

psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.c

psycopg/adapter_pdecimal.h

psycopg/adapter_pfloat.c

psycopg/adapter_pfloat.h

psycopg/adapter_qstring.c

psycopg/adapter_qstring.h

psycopg/config.h

psycopg/connection.h

psycopg/connection_int.c

psycopg/connection_type.c

psycopg/cursor.h

psycopg/cursor_int.c

psycopg/cursor_type.c

psycopg/green.c

psycopg/green.h

psycopg/lobject.h

psycopg/lobject_int.c

psycopg/lobject_type.c

psycopg/microprotocols.c

psycopg/microprotocols.h

psycopg/microprotocols_proto.c

psycopg/microprotocols_proto.h

psycopg/pqpath.c

psycopg/pqpath.h

psycopg/psycopg.h

psycopg/psycopgmodule.c

psycopg/python.h

psycopg/typecast.c

psycopg/typecast.h

psycopg/typecast_array.c

psycopg/typecast_basic.c

psycopg/typecast_binary.c

psycopg/typecast_binary.h

psycopg/typecast_builtins.c

psycopg/typecast_datetime.c

psycopg/typecast_mxdatetime.c

psycopg/utils.c

scripts/make_errorcodes.py

setup.cfg

setup.py

tests/__init__.py

tests/bugX000.py

tests/bug_gc.py

tests/dbapi20.py

tests/extras_dictcursor.py *

tests/test_async.py

tests/test_connection.py *

tests/test_copy.py *

tests/test_dates.py *

tests/test_green.py *

tests/test_lobject.py *

tests/test_notify.py

tests/test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py

tests/test_quote.py

tests/test_transaction.py

tests/types_basic.py

tests/types_extras.py *

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doc/html/cursor.html

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<title>The cursor class — Psycopg v2.2.1 documentation</title>

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class <tt class="descname">cursor</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Allows Python code to execute PostgreSQL command in a database session.

Cursors are created by the <a title="connection.cursor" class="reference external" href="connection.html#connection.cursor"><tt class="xref docutils literal">connection.cursor()</tt></a> method: they are

Cursors are created by the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.cursor" title="connection.cursor"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">connection.cursor()</tt></a> method: they are

bound to the connection for the entire lifetime and all the commands are

executed in the context of the database session wrapped by the connection.

Cursors created from the same connection are not isolated, i.e., any

changes done to the database by a cursor are immediately visible by the

other cursors. Cursors created from different connections can or can not

be isolated, depending on the connections’ <a class="reference external" href="usage.html#transactions-control">isolation level</a>. See also <a title="connection.rollback" class="reference external" href="connection.html#connection.rollback"><tt class="xref docutils literal">rollback()</tt></a> and

<a title="connection.commit" class="reference external" href="connection.html#connection.commit"><tt class="xref docutils literal">commit()</tt></a> methods.

be isolated, depending on the connections’ <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#transactions-control">isolation level</a>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.rollback" title="connection.rollback"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">rollback()</tt></a> and

<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.commit" title="connection.commit"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">commit()</tt></a> methods.

Cursors are not thread safe: a multithread application can create

many cursors from the same connection and should use each cursor from

a single thread. See <a class="reference external" href="usage.html#thread-safety">Thread safety</a> for details.

a single thread. See <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#thread-safety">Thread and process safety</a> for details.

<tt class="descname">description</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>This read-only attribute is a sequence of 7-item sequences.

Each of these sequences contains information describing one result

column:

<li><tt class="docutils literal">display_size</tt></li>

<li><tt class="docutils literal">internal_size</tt></li>

<li><tt class="docutils literal">precision</tt></li>

<li><tt class="docutils literal">scale</tt></li>

</ul>

The first two items (<tt class="docutils literal">name</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">type_code</tt>) are always specified,

the other five are optional and are set to <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> if no meaningful

values can be provided.

This attribute will be <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> for operations that do not return rows

Each of these sequences is a named tuple (a regular tuple if

<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple" title="(in Python v3.2)"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">collections.namedtuple()</tt></a> is not available) containing information

describing one result column:

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">name</tt>: the name of the column returned.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">type_code</tt>: the PostgreSQL OID of the column. You can use the

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/catalog-pg-type.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">pg_type</tt></a> system table to get more informations about the type.

This is the value used by Psycopg to decide what Python type use

to represent the value. See also

<a class="reference internal" href="advanced.html#type-casting-from-sql-to-python">Type casting of SQL types into Python objects</a>.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">display_size</tt>: the actual length of the column in bytes.

Obtaining this value is computationally intensive, so it is

always <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> unless the <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">PSYCOPG_DISPLAY_SIZE</tt> parameter

is set at compile time. See also <a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQGETLENGTH">PQgetlength</a>.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">internal_size</tt>: the size in bytes of the column associated to

this column on the server. Set to a negative value for

variable-size types See also <a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQFSIZE">PQfsize</a>.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">precision</tt>: total number of significant digits in columns of

type <a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL"><tt class="sql docutils literal">NUMERIC</tt></a>. <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> for other types.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">scale</tt>: count of decimal digits in the fractional part in

columns of type <tt class="sql docutils literal">NUMERIC</tt>. <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> for other types.</li>

<li><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">null_ok</tt>: always <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> as not easy to retrieve from the libpq.</li>

</ol>

This attribute will be <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> for operations that do not return rows

or if the cursor has not had an operation invoked via the

<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> methods yet.

The <tt class="docutils literal">type_code</tt> can be interpreted by comparing it to the Type

Objects specified in the section <a class="reference external" href="module.html#type-objects-and-constructors">Type Objects and Constructors</a>.

It is also used to register typecasters to convert PostgreSQL types to

Python objects: see <a class="reference external" href="advanced.html#type-casting-from-sql-to-python">Type casting of SQL types into Python objects</a>.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> methods yet.

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Changed in version 2.4: if possible, columns descriptions are named tuple instead of

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regular tuples.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

<dd>Close the cursor now (rather than whenever <tt class="xref docutils literal">__del__()</tt> is

called). The cursor will be unusable from this point forward; an

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<a title="psycopg2.InterfaceError" class="reference external" href="module.html#psycopg2.InterfaceError"><tt class="xref docutils literal">InterfaceError</tt></a> will be raised if any operation is

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attempted with the cursor.</dd></dl>

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<dd>Close the cursor now (rather than whenever <tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">del</tt> is executed).

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The cursor will be unusable from this point forward; an

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<a class="reference internal" href="module.html#psycopg2.InterfaceError" title="psycopg2.InterfaceError"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">InterfaceError</tt></a> will be raised if any operation is

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attempted with the cursor.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">closed</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.closed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Read-only boolean attribute: specifies if the cursor is closed

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(<tt class="xref docutils literal">True</tt>) or not (<tt class="xref docutils literal">False</tt>).

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(<tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">True</tt>) or not (<tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">False</tt>).

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DB API extension

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The <a title="cursor.closed" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.closed"><tt class="xref docutils literal">closed</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the

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The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.closed" title="cursor.closed"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">closed</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the

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DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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New in version 2.0.7.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">connection</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Read-only attribute returning a reference to the <a title="connection" class="reference external" href="connection.html#connection"><tt class="xref docutils literal">connection</tt></a>

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object on which the cursor was created.</dd></dl>

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<dd>Read-only attribute returning a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection" title="connection"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">connection</tt></a>

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object on which the cursor was created.

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</dd></dl>

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<dd>Read-only attribute containing the name of the cursor if it was

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creates as named cursor by <a title="connection.cursor" class="reference external" href="connection.html#connection.cursor"><tt class="xref docutils literal">connection.cursor()</tt></a>, or <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> if

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it is a client side cursor. See <a class="reference external" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">Server side cursors</a>.

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creates as named cursor by <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.cursor" title="connection.cursor"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">connection.cursor()</tt></a>, or <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> if

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it is a client side cursor. See <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">Server side cursors</a>.

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DB API extension

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The <a title="cursor.name" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.name"><tt class="xref docutils literal">name</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.name" title="cursor.name"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">name</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<dd>Prepare and execute a database operation (query or command).

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Parameters may be provided as sequence or mapping and will be bound to

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variables in the operation. Variables are specified either with

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positional (<tt class="docutils literal">%s</tt>) or named (<tt class="docutils literal">%(name)s</tt>) placeholders. See

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<a class="reference external" href="usage.html#query-parameters">Passing parameters to SQL queries</a>.

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The method returns <tt class="xref xref docutils literal">None</tt>. If a query was executed, the returned

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values can be retrieved using <a class="reference internal" href="#fetch"><tt class="xref docutils literal">fetch*()</tt></a> methods.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">mogrify</tt><big>(</big>operation[, parameters]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.mogrify" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Return a query string after arguments binding. The string returned is

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exactly the one that would be sent to the database running the

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<a title="cursor.execute" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> method or similar.

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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.mogrify("INSERT INTO test (num, data) VALUES (%s, %s)", (42, 'bar'))

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"INSERT INTO test (num, data) VALUES (42, E'bar')"

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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DB API extension

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The <a title="cursor.mogrify" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.mogrify"><tt class="xref docutils literal">mogrify()</tt></a> method is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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positional (<tt class="docutils literal">%s</tt>) or named (<tt class="samp docutils literal">%(name)s</tt>) placeholders. See

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<a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#query-parameters">Passing parameters to SQL queries</a>.

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The method returns <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt>. If a query was executed, the returned

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values can be retrieved using <a class="reference internal" href="#fetch"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">fetch*()</tt></a> methods.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">executemany</tt><big>(</big>operation, seq_of_parameters<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.executemany" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Prepare a database operation (query or command) and then execute it

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against all parameter tuples or mappings found in the sequence

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<tt class="xref docutils literal">seq_of_parameters</tt>.

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<tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">seq_of_parameters</tt>.

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The function is mostly useful for commands that update the database:

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any result set returned by the query is discarded.

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Parameters are bounded to the query using the same rules described in

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the <a title="cursor.execute" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> method.

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the <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute" title="cursor.execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> method.

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</dd></dl>

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input sequence. Input parameters are left untouched, output and

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input/output parameters replaced with possibly new values.

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The procedure may also provide a result set as output. This must then

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be made available through the standard <a class="reference internal" href="#fetch"><tt class="xref docutils literal">fetch*()</tt></a> methods.

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be made available through the standard <a class="reference internal" href="#fetch"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">fetch*()</tt></a> methods.

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</dd></dl>

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<dd>Return a query string after arguments binding. The string returned is

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exactly the one that would be sent to the database running the

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute" title="cursor.execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> method or similar.

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"INSERT INTO test (num, data) VALUES (42, E'bar')"

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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DB API extension

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The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.mogrify" title="cursor.mogrify"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">mogrify()</tt></a> method is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">setinputsizes</tt><big>(</big>sizes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.setinputsizes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This method is exposed in compliance with the DB API 2.0. It currently

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does nothing but it is safe to call it.</dd></dl>

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<dd>This method is exposed in compliance with the DB API 2.0. It currently

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does nothing but it is safe to call it.

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</dd></dl>

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Results retrieval methods

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The following methods are used to read data from the database after an

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<a title="cursor.execute" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> call.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.execute" title="cursor.execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute()</tt></a> call.

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Note

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<a title="cursor" class="reference internal" href="#cursor"><tt class="xref docutils literal">cursor</tt></a> objects are iterable, so, instead of calling

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explicitly <a title="cursor.fetchone" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchone"><tt class="xref docutils literal">fetchone()</tt></a> in a loop, the object itself can

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor" title="cursor"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">cursor</tt></a> objects are iterable, so, instead of calling

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explicitly <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchone" title="cursor.fetchone"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">fetchone()</tt></a> in a loop, the object itself can

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be used:

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<div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.execute("SELECT * FROM test;")

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>>> for record in cur:

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... print record

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...

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(3, 42, 'bar')

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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Changed in version 2.4: iterating over a <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">named cursor</a>

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fetches <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.itersize" title="cursor.itersize"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">itersize</tt></a> records at time from the backend.

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Previously only one record was fetched per roundtrip, resulting

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in a large overhead.

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</div>

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<tt class="descname">fetchone</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.fetchone" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Fetch the next row of a query result set, returning a single tuple,

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or <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> when no more data is available:

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or <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> when no more data is available:

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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.execute("SELECT * FROM test WHERE id = %s", (3,))

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>>> cur.fetchone()

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(3, 42, 'bar')

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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A <a title="psycopg2.ProgrammingError" class="reference external" href="module.html#psycopg2.ProgrammingError"><tt class="xref docutils literal">ProgrammingError</tt></a> is raised if the previous call

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to <a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued

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A <a class="reference internal" href="module.html#psycopg2.ProgrammingError" title="psycopg2.ProgrammingError"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">ProgrammingError</tt></a> is raised if the previous call

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to <a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued

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yet.

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</dd></dl>

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<dd>Fetch the next set of rows of a query result, returning a list of

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tuples. An empty list is returned when no more rows are available.

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The number of rows to fetch per call is specified by the parameter.

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If it is not given, the cursor’s <a title="cursor.arraysize" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.arraysize"><tt class="xref docutils literal">arraysize</tt></a> determines

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If it is not given, the cursor’s <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.arraysize" title="cursor.arraysize"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">arraysize</tt></a> determines

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the number of rows to be fetched. The method should try to fetch as

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many rows as indicated by the size parameter. If this is not possible

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due to the specified number of rows not being available, fewer rows

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[]

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.

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Note there are performance considerations involved with the size

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parameter. For optimal performance, it is usually best to use the

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<a title="cursor.arraysize" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.arraysize"><tt class="xref docutils literal">arraysize</tt></a> attribute. If the size parameter is used,

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.arraysize" title="cursor.arraysize"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">arraysize</tt></a> attribute. If the size parameter is used,

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then it is best for it to retain the same value from one

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<a title="cursor.fetchmany" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchmany"><tt class="xref docutils literal">fetchmany()</tt></a> call to the next.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchmany" title="cursor.fetchmany"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">fetchmany()</tt></a> call to the next.

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</dd></dl>

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[(1, 100, "abc'def"), (2, None, 'dada'), (3, 42, 'bar')]

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> did not produce any result set or no call was issued yet.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">scroll</tt><big>(</big>value[, mode='relative']<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.scroll" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Scroll the cursor in the result set to a new position according

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to mode.

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If <tt class="xref docutils literal">mode</tt> is <tt class="docutils literal">relative</tt> (default), value is taken as offset to

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If <tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">mode</tt> is <tt class="docutils literal">relative</tt> (default), value is taken as offset to

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the current position in the result set, if set to <tt class="docutils literal">absolute</tt>,

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value states an absolute target position.

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If the scroll operation would leave the result set, a

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<a title="psycopg2.ProgrammingError" class="reference external" href="module.html#psycopg2.ProgrammingError"><tt class="xref docutils literal">ProgrammingError</tt></a> is raised and the cursor position is

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<a class="reference internal" href="module.html#psycopg2.ProgrammingError" title="psycopg2.ProgrammingError"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">ProgrammingError</tt></a> is raised and the cursor position is

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not changed.

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The method can be used both for client-side cursors and

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<a class="reference external" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">server-side cursors</a>.

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<a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">server-side cursors</a>.

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Note

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According to the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/">DB API 2.0</a>, the exception raised for a cursor out

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of bound should have been <tt class="xref docutils literal">IndexError</tt>. The best option is

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of bound should have been <tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">IndexError</tt>. The best option is

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probably to catch both exceptions in your code:

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<div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>try:

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cur.scroll(1000 * 1000)

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<tt class="descname">arraysize</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.arraysize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This read/write attribute specifies the number of rows to fetch at a

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time with <a title="cursor.fetchmany" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchmany"><tt class="xref docutils literal">fetchmany()</tt></a>. It defaults to 1 meaning to fetch

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a single row at a time.</dd></dl>

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<dd>This read/write attribute specifies the number of rows to fetch at a

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time with <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.fetchmany" title="cursor.fetchmany"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">fetchmany()</tt></a>. It defaults to 1 meaning to fetch

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a single row at a time.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">itersize</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.itersize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Read/write attribute specifying the number of rows to fetch from the

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backend at each network roundtrip during <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor-iterable">iteration</a> on a <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#server-side-cursors">named cursor</a>. The

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default is 2000.

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New in version 2.4.

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DB API extension

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The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.itersize" title="cursor.itersize"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">itersize</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">rowcount</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.rowcount" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This read-only attribute specifies the number of rows that the last

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> produced (for <abbr title="Data Query Language">DQL</abbr> statements

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<a class="reference internal" href="#execute"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt></a> produced (for <abbr title="Data Query Language">DQL</abbr> statements

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like <tt class="sql docutils literal">SELECT</tt>) or affected (for

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<abbr title="Data Manipulation Language">DML</abbr> statements like <tt class="sql docutils literal">UPDATE</tt>

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or <tt class="sql docutils literal">INSERT</tt>).

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The attribute is -1 in case no <tt class="xref docutils literal">execute*()</tt> has been performed on

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The attribute is -1 in case no <tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">execute*()</tt> has been performed on

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the cursor or the row count of the last operation if it can’t be

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determined by the interface.

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Note

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The <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/">DB API 2.0</a> interface reserves to redefine the latter case to

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have the object return <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> instead of -1 in future versions

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have the object return <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> instead of -1 in future versions

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of the specification.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">rownumber</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.rownumber" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This read-only attribute provides the current 0-based index of the

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cursor in the result set or <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> if the index cannot be

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cursor in the result set or <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> if the index cannot be

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determined.

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The index can be seen as index of the cursor in a sequence (the result

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set). The next fetch operation will fetch the row indexed by

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<a title="cursor.rownumber" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.rownumber"><tt class="xref docutils literal">rownumber</tt></a> in that sequence.

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<a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.rownumber" title="cursor.rownumber"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">rownumber</tt></a> in that sequence.

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">lastrowid</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.lastrowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This read-only attribute provides the OID of the last row inserted

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by the cursor. If the table wasn’t created with OID support or the

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last operation is not a single record insert, the attribute is set to

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<tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt>.

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PostgreSQL currently advices to not create OIDs on the tables and the

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default for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/sql-createtable.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">CREATE TABLE</tt></a> is to not support them. The

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<a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/sql-insert.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">INSERT ... RETURNING</tt></a> syntax available from PostgreSQL 8.3 allows more

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flexibility.

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<tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt>.

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Note

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PostgreSQL currently advices to not create OIDs on the tables and

379

the default for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-createtable.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">CREATE TABLE</tt></a> is to not support them. The

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<a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-insert.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">INSERT ... RETURNING</tt></a> syntax available from PostgreSQL 8.3 allows

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more flexibility.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">nextset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.nextset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>This method is not supported (PostgreSQL does not have multiple data

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sets) and will raise a <a title="psycopg2.NotSupportedError" class="reference external" href="module.html#psycopg2.NotSupportedError"><tt class="xref docutils literal">NotSupportedError</tt></a> exception.</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">setoutputsize</tt><big>(</big>size[, column]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.setoutputsize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

357

<dd>This method is exposed in compliance with the DB API 2.0. It currently

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does nothing but it is safe to call it.</dd></dl>

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<tt class="descname">query</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

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<dd>Read-only attribute containing the body of the last query sent to the

364

backend (including bound arguments). <tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> if no query has been

389

backend (including bound arguments). <tt class="xref py py-obj xref docutils literal">None</tt> if no query has been

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executed yet:

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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.execute("INSERT INTO test (num, data) VALUES (%s, %s)", (42, 'bar'))

367

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>>> cur.query

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</div>

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DB API extension

373

The <a title="cursor.query" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.query"><tt class="xref docutils literal">query</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.query" title="cursor.query"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">query</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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</div>

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DB API extension

389

The <a title="cursor.statusmessage" class="reference internal" href="#cursor.statusmessage"><tt class="xref docutils literal">statusmessage</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the

414

The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.statusmessage" title="cursor.statusmessage"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">statusmessage</tt></a> attribute is a Psycopg extension to the

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DB API 2.0.

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</div>

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</dd></dl>

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<dd>Convert a value from the PostgreSQL string representation to a Python

423

object.

424

Use the most specific of the typecasters registered by

425

<a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#psycopg2.extensions.register_type" title="psycopg2.extensions.register_type"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">register_type()</tt></a>.

426

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New in version 2.4.

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DB API extension

430

The <a class="reference internal" href="#cursor.cast" title="cursor.cast"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">cast()</tt></a> method is a Psycopg extension to the DB API 2.0.

431

</div>

432

</dd></dl>

433

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<tt class="descname">tzinfo_factory</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.tzinfo_factory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

397

<dd>The time zone factory used to handle data types such as

398

<tt class="sql docutils literal">TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>. It should be a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects"><tt class="xref docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> object.

399

See also the <a title="" class="reference external" href="tz.html#module-psycopg2.tz"><tt class="xref docutils literal">psycopg2.tz</tt></a> module.</dd></dl>

437

<dd>The time zone factory used to handle data types such as

438

<tt class="sql docutils literal">TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>. It should be a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/datetime.html#datetime.tzinfo" title="(in Python v3.2)"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a>

439

object. A few implementations are available in the <a class="reference internal" href="tz.html#module-psycopg2.tz" title="psycopg2.tz"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">psycopg2.tz</tt></a>

440

module.

441

</dd></dl>

442

443

444

445

<tt class="descname">nextset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.nextset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

446

<dd>This method is not supported (PostgreSQL does not have multiple data

447

sets) and will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="module.html#psycopg2.NotSupportedError" title="psycopg2.NotSupportedError"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">NotSupportedError</tt></a> exception.

448

</dd></dl>

449

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453

<dd>This method is exposed in compliance with the DB API 2.0. It currently

454

does nothing but it is safe to call it.

455

</dd></dl>

400

456

401

457

COPY-related methods

402

458

406

462

</div>

407

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408

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<tt class="descname">copy_from</tt><big>(</big>file, table, sep='\t', null='\N', columns=None<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.copy_from" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

410

<dd>Read data from the file-like object <tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt> appending them to

411

the table named <tt class="xref docutils literal">table</tt>. <tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt> must have both

412

<tt class="xref docutils literal">read()</tt> and <tt class="xref docutils literal">readline()</tt> method. See <a class="reference external" href="usage.html#copy">Using COPY TO and COPY FROM</a> for an

413

overview.

414

The optional argument <tt class="xref docutils literal">sep</tt> is the columns separator and

415

<tt class="xref docutils literal">null</tt> represents <tt class="sql docutils literal">NULL</tt> values in the file.

416

The <tt class="xref docutils literal">columns</tt> argument is a sequence containing the name of the

417

fields where the read data will be entered. Its length and column

418

type should match the content of the read file. If not specifies, it

419

is assumed that the entire table matches the file structure.

465

<tt class="descname">copy_from</tt><big>(</big>file, table, sep='\t', null='\N', size=8192, columns=None<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.copy_from" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

466

<dd>Read data from the file-like object file appending them to

467

the table named table. See <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#copy">Using COPY TO and COPY FROM</a> for an overview.

468

469

470

471

472

<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">

473

<li>file – file-like object to read data from. It must have both

474

<tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">read()</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">readline()</tt> methods.</li>

475

<li>table – name of the table to copy data into.</li>

476

<li>sep – columns separator expected in the file. Defaults to a tab.</li>

477

<li>null – textual representation of <tt class="sql docutils literal">NULL</tt> in the file.</li>

478

<li>size – size of the buffer used to read from the file.</li>

479

<li>columns – iterable with name of the columns to import.

480

The length and types should match the content of the file to read.

481

If not specified, it is assumed that the entire table matches the

482

file structure.</li>

483

</ul>

484

</td>

485

</tr>

486

</tbody>

487

</table>

488

Example:

420

489

<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> f = StringIO("42\tfoo\n74\tbar\n")

421

490

>>> cur.copy_from(f, 'test', columns=('num', 'data'))

422

491

>>> cur.execute("select * from test where id > 5;")

424

493

[(6, 42, 'foo'), (7, 74, 'bar')]

425

494

</pre></div>

426

495

</div>

427

428

Changed in version 2.0.6: added the <tt class="xref docutils literal">columns</tt> parameter.

496

497

Changed in version 2.0.6: added the columns parameter.

498

499

Changed in version 2.4: data read from files implementing the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/io.html#io.TextIOBase" title="(in Python v3.2)"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">io.TextIOBase</tt></a> interface

500

are encoded in the connection <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.encoding" title="connection.encoding"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">encoding</tt></a> when sent to

501

the backend.

429

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</dd></dl>

430

503

431

504

432

505

433

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<tt class="descname">copy_to</tt><big>(</big>file, table, sep='\t', null='\N', columns=None<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.copy_to" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

434

<dd>Write the content of the table named <tt class="xref docutils literal">table</tt> to the file-like

435

object <tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt>. <tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt> must have a <tt class="xref docutils literal">write()</tt> method.

436

See <a class="reference external" href="usage.html#copy">Using COPY TO and COPY FROM</a> for an overview.

437

The optional argument <tt class="xref docutils literal">sep</tt> is the columns separator and

438

<tt class="xref docutils literal">null</tt> represents <tt class="sql docutils literal">NULL</tt> values in the file.

439

The <tt class="xref docutils literal">columns</tt> argument is a sequence of field names: if not

440

<tt class="xref docutils literal">None</tt> only the specified fields will be included in the dump.

507

<dd>Write the content of the table named table to the file-like

508

object file. See <a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#copy">Using COPY TO and COPY FROM</a> for an overview.

509

510

511

512

513

<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">

514

<li>file – file-like object to write data into. It must have a

515

<tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">write()</tt> method.</li>

516

<li>table – name of the table to copy data from.</li>

517

<li>sep – columns separator expected in the file. Defaults to a tab.</li>

518

<li>null – textual representation of <tt class="sql docutils literal">NULL</tt> in the file.</li>

519

<li>columns – iterable with name of the columns to export.

520

If not specified, export all the columns.</li>

521

</ul>

522

</td>

523

</tr>

524

</tbody>

525

</table>

526

Example:

441

527

<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.copy_to(sys.stdout, 'test', sep="|")

442

528

1|100|abc'def

443

529

2|\N|dada

444

530

...

445

531

</pre></div>

446

532

</div>

447

448

Changed in version 2.0.6: added the <tt class="xref docutils literal">columns</tt> parameter.

533

534

Changed in version 2.0.6: added the columns parameter.

535

536

Changed in version 2.4: data sent to files implementing the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/io.html#io.TextIOBase" title="(in Python v3.2)"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">io.TextIOBase</tt></a> interface

537

are decoded in the connection <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#connection.encoding" title="connection.encoding"><tt class="xref py py-obj docutils literal">encoding</tt></a> when read

538

from the backend.

449

539

</dd></dl>

450

540

451

541

452

542

453

<tt class="descname">copy_expert</tt><big>(</big>sql, file[, size]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.copy_expert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

543

<tt class="descname">copy_expert</tt><big>(</big>sql, file, size=8192<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#cursor.copy_expert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>

454

544

<dd>Submit a user-composed <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY</tt> statement. The method is useful to

455

545

handle all the parameters that PostgreSQL makes available (see

456

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/sql-copy.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY</tt></a> command documentation).

457

<tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt> must be an open, readable file for <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY FROM</tt> or an

458

open, writeable file for <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY TO</tt>. The optional <tt class="xref docutils literal">size</tt>

459

argument, when specified for a <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY FROM</tt> statement, will be

460

passed to <tt class="xref docutils literal">file</tt>‘s read method to control the read buffer

461

size.

546

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-copy.html"><tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY</tt></a> command documentation).

547

548

549

550

551

<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">

552

<li>sql – the <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY</tt> statement to execute.</li>

553

<li>file – a file-like object; must be a readable file for

554

<tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY FROM</tt> or an writeable file for <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY TO</tt>.</li>

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<li>size – size of the read buffer to be used in <tt class="sql docutils literal">COPY FROM</tt>.</li>

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</ul>

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</td>

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Example:

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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> cur.copy_expert("COPY test TO STDOUT WITH CSV HEADER", sys.stdout)

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id,num,data

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1,100,abc'def

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...

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</pre></div>

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</div>

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New in version 2.0.6.

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using Unicode data instead of bytes.

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