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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test -*-
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# Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
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# See LICENSE for details.
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Interface definitions for L{twisted.web}.
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@var UNKNOWN_LENGTH: An opaque object which may be used as the value of
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L{IBodyProducer.length} to indicate that the length of the entity
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body is not known in advance.
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from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute
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from twisted.internet.interfaces import IPushProducer
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from twisted.cred.credentials import IUsernameDigestHash
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class IRequest(Interface):
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method = Attribute("A C{str} giving the HTTP method that was used.")
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"A C{str} giving the full encoded URI which was requested (including "
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"A C{str} giving the encoded query path of the request URI.")
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"A mapping of decoded query argument names as C{str} to "
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"corresponding query argument values as C{list}s of C{str}. "
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"For example, for a URI with C{'foo=bar&foo=baz&quux=spam'} "
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"for its query part, C{args} will be C{{'foo': ['bar', 'baz'], "
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"'quux': ['spam']}}.")
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received_headers = Attribute(
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"Backwards-compatibility access to C{requestHeaders}. Use "
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"C{requestHeaders} instead. C{received_headers} behaves mostly "
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"like a C{dict} and does not provide access to all header values.")
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requestHeaders = Attribute(
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"A L{http_headers.Headers} instance giving all received HTTP request "
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"Backwards-compatibility access to C{responseHeaders}. Use"
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"C{responseHeaders} instead. C{headers} behaves mostly like a "
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"C{dict} and does not provide access to all header values nor "
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"does it allow multiple values for one header to be set.")
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responseHeaders = Attribute(
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"A L{http_headers.Headers} instance holding all HTTP response "
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"headers to be sent.")
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Get an HTTP request header.
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@param key: The name of the header to get the value of.
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@rtype: C{str} or C{NoneType}
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@return: The value of the specified header, or C{None} if that header
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was not present in the request.
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Get a cookie that was sent from the network.
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Return dictionary mapping the names of all received headers to the last
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value received for each.
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Since this method does not return all header information,
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C{requestHeaders.getAllRawHeaders()} may be preferred.
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def getRequestHostname():
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Get the hostname that the user passed in to the request.
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This will either use the Host: header (if it is available) or the
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host we are listening on if the header is unavailable.
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@returns: the requested hostname
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Get my originally requesting transport's host.
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@return: An L{IAddress}.
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Return the IP address of the client who submitted this request.
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@returns: the client IP address or C{None} if the request was submitted
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over a transport where IP addresses do not make sense.
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@rtype: C{str} or L{NoneType}
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Return the hostname of the IP address of the client who submitted this
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request, if possible.
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This method is B{deprecated}. See L{getClientIP} instead.
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@rtype: L{NoneType} or L{str}
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@return: The canonical hostname of the client, as determined by
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performing a name lookup on the IP address of the client.
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Return the HTTP user sent with this request, if any.
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If no user was supplied, return the empty string.
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@returns: the HTTP user, if any
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Return the HTTP password sent with this request, if any.
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If no password was supplied, return the empty string.
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@returns: the HTTP password, if any
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Return True if this request is using a secure transport.
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Normally this method returns True if this request's HTTPChannel
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instance is using a transport that implements ISSLTransport.
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This will also return True if setHost() has been called
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@returns: True if this request is secure
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def getSession(sessionInterface=None):
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Look up the session associated with this request or create a new one if
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@return: The L{Session} instance identified by the session cookie in
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the request, or the C{sessionInterface} component of that session
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if C{sessionInterface} is specified.
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@return: A L{URLPath} instance which identifies the URL for which this
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@return: At any time during resource traversal, a L{str} giving an
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absolute URL to the most nested resource which has yet been
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def rememberRootURL():
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Remember the currently-processed part of the URL for later
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Get a previously-remembered URL.
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# Methods for outgoing response
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Indicate that the response to this request is complete.
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Write some data to the body of the response to this request. Response
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headers are written the first time this method is called, after which
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new response headers may not be added.
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def addCookie(k, v, expires=None, domain=None, path=None, max_age=None, comment=None, secure=None):
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Set an outgoing HTTP cookie.
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In general, you should consider using sessions instead of cookies, see
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L{twisted.web.server.Request.getSession} and the
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L{twisted.web.server.Session} class for details.
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def setResponseCode(code, message=None):
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Set the HTTP response code.
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Set an HTTP response header. Overrides any previously set values for
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@param name: The name of the header for which to set the value.
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@param value: The value to set for the named header.
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Utility function that does a redirect.
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The request should have finish() called after this.
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def setLastModified(when):
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Set the C{Last-Modified} time for the response to this request.
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If I am called more than once, I ignore attempts to set Last-Modified
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earlier, only replacing the Last-Modified time if it is to a later
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If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to
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L{NOT_MODIFIED} if appropriate for the time given.
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@param when: The last time the resource being returned was modified, in
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seconds since the epoch.
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@type when: C{int}, C{long} or C{float}
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@return: If I am a C{If-Modified-Since} conditional request and the
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time given is not newer than the condition, I return
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L{http.CACHED<CACHED>} to indicate that you should write no body.
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Otherwise, I return a false value.
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Set an C{entity tag} for the outgoing response.
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That's "entity tag" as in the HTTP/1.1 C{ETag} header, "used for
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comparing two or more entities from the same requested resource."
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If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to
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L{NOT_MODIFIED} or L{PRECONDITION_FAILED}, if appropriate for the tag
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@param etag: The entity tag for the resource being returned.
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@return: If I am a C{If-None-Match} conditional request and the tag
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matches one in the request, I return L{http.CACHED<CACHED>} to
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indicate that you should write no body. Otherwise, I return a
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def setHost(host, port, ssl=0):
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Change the host and port the request thinks it's using.
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This method is useful for working with reverse HTTP proxies (e.g. both
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Squid and Apache's mod_proxy can do this), when the address the HTTP
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client is using is different than the one we're listening on.
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For example, Apache may be listening on https://www.example.com, and
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then forwarding requests to http://localhost:8080, but we don't want
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HTML produced by Twisted to say 'http://localhost:8080', they should
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say 'https://www.example.com', so we do::
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request.setHost('www.example.com', 443, ssl=1)
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class ICredentialFactory(Interface):
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A credential factory defines a way to generate a particular kind of
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authentication challenge and a way to interpret the responses to these
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challenges. It creates L{ICredentials} providers from responses. These
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objects will be used with L{twisted.cred} to authenticate an authorize
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"A C{str} giving the name of the authentication scheme with which "
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"this factory is associated. For example, C{'basic'} or C{'digest'}.")
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def getChallenge(request):
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Generate a new challenge to be sent to a client.
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@type peer: L{twisted.web.http.Request}
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@param peer: The request the response to which this challenge will be
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@return: A mapping from C{str} challenge fields to associated C{str}
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def decode(response, request):
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Create a credentials object from the given response.
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@type response: C{str}
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@param response: scheme specific response string
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@type request: L{twisted.web.http.Request}
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@param request: The request being processed (from which the response
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@raise twisted.cred.error.LoginFailed: If the response is invalid.
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@rtype: L{twisted.cred.credentials.ICredentials} provider
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@return: The credentials represented by the given response.
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class IBodyProducer(IPushProducer):
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Objects which provide L{IBodyProducer} write bytes to an object which
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provides L{IConsumer} by calling its C{write} method repeatedly.
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L{IBodyProducer} providers may start producing as soon as they have
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an L{IConsumer} provider. That is, they should not wait for a
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C{resumeProducing} call to begin writing data.
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L{IConsumer.unregisterProducer} must not be called. Instead, the
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L{Deferred} returned from C{startProducing} must be fired when all bytes
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L{IConsumer.write} may synchronously invoke any of C{pauseProducing},
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C{resumeProducing}, or C{stopProducing}. These methods must be implemented
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# Despite the restrictions above and the additional requirements of
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# stopProducing documented below, this interface still needs to be an
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# IPushProducer subclass. Providers of it will be passed to IConsumer
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# providers which only know about IPushProducer and IPullProducer, not
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# about this interface. This interface needs to remain close enough to one
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# of those interfaces for consumers to work with it.
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C{length} is a C{int} indicating how many bytes in total this
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L{IBodyProducer} will write to the consumer or L{UNKNOWN_LENGTH}
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if this is not known in advance.
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def startProducing(consumer):
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Start producing to the given L{IConsumer} provider.
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@return: A L{Deferred} which fires with C{None} when all bytes have
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been produced or with a L{Failure} if there is any problem before
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all bytes have been produced.
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In addition to the standard behavior of L{IProducer.stopProducing}
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(stop producing data), make sure the L{Deferred} returned by
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C{startProducing} is never fired.
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UNKNOWN_LENGTH = u"twisted.web.iweb.UNKNOWN_LENGTH"
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"IUsernameDigestHash", "ICredentialFactory", "IRequest",