~mnordhoff/pytz/pytz-2008c : revision 143.1.7

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content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">

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<body>

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<h1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</h1>

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@(#)tz-link.htm 8.14

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@(#)tz-link.htm 8.15

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</address>

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<p>

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Please send corrections to this web page to the

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C Library</a> used in

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<a href="http://www.linux.org/"><abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux</a>,

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<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>,

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<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,

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<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,

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<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,

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<a href="http://netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,

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<a href="http://openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,

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<a href="http://cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,

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<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr

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title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>,

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<a href="http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/">AIX</a>,

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<a href="http://ibm.com/aix">AIX</a>,

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<a href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Mac OS X</a>,

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<a href="http://h71000.www7.hp.com/">OpenVMS</a>,

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<a href="http://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>,

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<a href="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/">Solaris</a>,

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<a href="http://oracle.com/database">Oracle Database</a>,

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<a href="http://sun.com/software/solaris">Solaris</a>,

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<a href="http://h30097.www3.hp.com/">Tru64</a>, and

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<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p>

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<a href="http://sco.com/products/unixware">UnixWare</a>.</p>

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<p>

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Each location in the database represents a national region where all

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clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970.

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the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p>

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<p>

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In the <code>tz</code> database's

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<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/"><abbr

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<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub"><abbr

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title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr> distribution</a>

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the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</code>,

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where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version;

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similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>,

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where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version.

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The following shell commands download

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The following <a

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href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell">shell</a> commands download

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these files to a <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux or similar host;

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see the downloaded

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<code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p>

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The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please

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send changes to the <a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone

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mailing list</a>. You can also <a

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href="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/">browse recent

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href="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz">browse recent

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messages</a> sent to the mailing list, <a

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href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to it,

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retrieve the <a

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href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">full archive of old

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messages</a> (in gzip compressed format), or retrieve <a

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href="ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz/">archived older versions of code

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href="ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz">archived older versions of code

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and data</a>; there is also a smaller <a

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href="http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/timezone/"><abbr

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href="http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/timezone"><abbr

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title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr>

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mirror</a>.</p>

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<p>

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Here are some recent links that may be of interest.

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</p>

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<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <code>tz</code> database</h2>

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<p>

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These are listed roughly in ascending order of complexity and fanciness.

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</p>

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<ul>

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<li><a href="http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/xtra/tzdatepick.html">Date and Time Gateway</a>

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is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time

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throughout the world.</li>

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<li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include:

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<ul>

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lets you see the <code>TZ</code> values directly.</li>

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<li><a

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href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current

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Time in 1000 Places</a></li>

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<li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li>

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href="http://convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current

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Time in 1000 Places</a> uses descriptions of the values.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a>

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uses a pulldown menu.</li>

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<li><a href="http://home.tiscali.nl/~t876506/TZworld.html">Complete

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timezone information for all countries</a></li>

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</ul></li>

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<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock -

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Time Zones</a>

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is a web interface to a time zone database derived from

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timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules.

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<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock -

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Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li>

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<li>The <a href="http://worldtimeengine.com/">World Time Engine</a>

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also contains data about time zone boundaries; it supports queries via place

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names and shows location maps.</li>

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</ul>

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<h2>Other time zone database formats</h2>

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<ul>

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Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification

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(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the (now-concluded) <a

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href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/OLD/calsch-charter.html"><abbr

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(iCalendar)</a>, Internet <abbr title="Request For

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Comments">RFC</abbr> 2445, published by the (now-concluded) <a

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href="http://ietf.org/html.charters/OLD/calsch-charter.html"><abbr

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title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>

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Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (<abbr

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title="Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group">calsch</abbr>)</a>

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covers time zone

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data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.

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The <a href="http://www.calconnect.org/">Calendaring and Scheduling

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The <a href="http://calconnect.org/">Calendaring and Scheduling

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Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area. <a

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href="http://www.calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf">iCalendar

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href="http://calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf">iCalendar

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TIMEZONE Problems and Recommendations</a> offers guidelines and

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recommendations for the use of VTIMEZONE and <code>tz</code>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.calconnect.org/dstlinks.shtml">Extended Daylight

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<li><a href="http://calconnect.org/dstlinks.shtml">Extended Daylight

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Saving Time Links, Advisories and Changes</a> lists vendor material on recent

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daylight saving time changes.</li>

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<li><a

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href="http://www.calconnect.org/publications/timezoneregistryandservicerecommendationsv1.0.pdf">Timezone

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href="http://calconnect.org/publications/timezoneregistryandservicerecommendationsv1.0.pdf">Timezone

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Registry and Service Recommendations</a> discusses a

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strategy for defining and deploying a time zone

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registration process that would establish unique names for each

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href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"><abbr>GNU</abbr>

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General Public License (<abbr

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title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>)</a>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical/">tziCal - tz

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<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical">tziCal - tz

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database conversion utility</a> is like Vzic, except for the <a

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href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/">.NET framework</a>.</li>

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href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework">.NET framework</a>.</li>

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<li><a

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href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a>

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contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles

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<code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles

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<code>tz</code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time

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is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>

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<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/">PyTZ - Python Time

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<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz">PyTZ - Python Time

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Zone Library</a> compiles <code>tz</code> source into

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<a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a>.

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<a href="http://python.org/">Python</a>.

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It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>

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<li><a href="http://tzinfo.rubyforge.org/">TZInfo - Ruby Timezone Library</a>

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compiles <code>tz</code> source into

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<a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/">Ruby</a>.

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<a href="http://ruby-lang.org">Ruby</a>.

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It is freely available under the <abbr

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title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> license.</li>

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<li>The <a href="http://www.chronos-st.org/">Chronos Date/Time

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Library</a> is a <a href="http://smalltalk.org/">Smalltalk</a> class

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<li>The <a href="http://chronos-st.org/">Chronos Date/Time

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Library</a> is a <a href="http://smalltalk.org">Smalltalk</a> class

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library that compiles <code>tz</code> source into a <a

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href="http://date-time-zone.com/">time zone repository</a> whose format

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is either proprietary or an <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/"><abbr

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title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a>-encoded

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representation.</li>

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<li>Starting with version 8.5, <a href="http://www.tcl.tk/">Tcl</a>

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<li>Starting with version 8.5, <a href="http://tcl.tk/">Tcl</a>

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contains a developer-oriented parser that compiles <samp>tz</samp>

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source into text files, along with a runtime that can read those

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files. Tcl is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style

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<abbr>GNU</abbr> Lesser General Public License

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(<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>,

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and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>

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<li><a href="http://bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>

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is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java.

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It is freely available under the <abbr>LGPL</abbr>.</li>

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<li>Tcl, mentioned above, also contains a

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</ul>

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<h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone software</h2>

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<ul>

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<li><a href="http://www.stemhaus.com/firefox/foxclocks/">FoxClocks</a>

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<li><a href="http://stemhaus.com/firefox/foxclocks/">FoxClocks</a>

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is an extension for <a

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href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Toolkit_API">Mozilla

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Toolkit</a> applications like <a

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href="http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/">Firefox</a>, <a

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href="http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/thunderbird/">Thunderbird</a>, and

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href="http://mozilla.com/firefox">Firefox</a>, <a

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href="http://mozilla.com/thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>, and

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<a

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href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar/sunbird/">Sunbird</a>.

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It displays multiple clocks in the application window, and has a mapping

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clock (intclock)</a> is a multi-timezone clock for

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<abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux and similar systems. It is freely available

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under the <abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.codeplex.com/publicdomain">PublicDomain</a>

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<li><a href="http://codeplex.com/publicdomain">PublicDomain</a>

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has a copy of a recent <code>tz</code> database, accessed via a <a

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href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp">C#</a> library. As its

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name suggests, it is in the public domain. Only current time stamps

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a <a href="http://wordpress.org/">WordPress</a> plugin. It is freely

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available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>

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<li><a

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href="http://www.veladg.com/velaterra.html">VelaTerra</a> is

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href="http://veladg.com/velaterra.html">VelaTerra</a> is

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a Mac OS X program. Its developers

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<a href="http://www.veladg.com/tzoffer.html">offer free

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<a href="http://veladg.com/tzoffer.html">offer free

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licenses</a> to <code>tz</code> contributors.</li>

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<li><a

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href="http://www.worldtimeexplorer.com/index.html">World Time Explorer</a> is a

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href="http://worldtimeexplorer.com/">World Time Explorer</a> is a

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Microsoft Windows program.</li>

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</ul>

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<h2>Other time zone databases</h2>

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time info, public holidays</a>

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contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,

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and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>

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<li><a href="http://worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>

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is another time zone database.</li>

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<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>

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contains data from the Time Service Department of the

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<abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory, used as the source

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for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li>

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<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9179.htm">Standard

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<li>The <a href="http://iata.org/ps/publications/SSIM.htm">Standard

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Schedules Information Manual</a> of the

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<a href="http://www.iata.org/index.htm">International Air Transport

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<a href="http://iata.org/index.htm">International Air Transport

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Association</a>

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gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>

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<li>Some Microsoft Windows versions contain time zone information in

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</ul>

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<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>

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<ul>

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<li><a href="http://www.efele.net/maps/">A map of the TZ timezones in

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<li><a href="http://efele.net/maps/">A map of the TZ timezones in

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the US</a> contains a <a

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href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">shapefile</a> of the

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<code>tz</code> regions in the US.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative Divisions

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<li><a href="http://statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative Divisions

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of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains detailed lists of

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<code>tz</code>-related zone subdivision data.</li>

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<li><a href="http://home.tiscali.nl/~t876506/Multizones.html">Time

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<li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight

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Saving Time - History, rationale, laws & dates</a>

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is an overall history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Saving Time,

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<li><a href="http://energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Saving Time,

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Saving Energy</a> discusses a primary justification for <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.seizethedaylight.com/dst/">Who Knew? A Brief

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<li><a href="http://seizethedaylight.com/dst/">Who Knew? A Brief

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History of Daylight Saving Time</a> summarizes some of the contentious

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history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li>

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<li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The

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<li><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm">A History of

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the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important

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time zone boundary.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.statoids.com/tconcept.html">Basic Time

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<li><a href="http://statoids.com/tconcept.html">Basic Time

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Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminological issues behind time zones.</li>

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</ul>

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<h2>National histories of legal time</h2>

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<dd>The Institute for National Measurement Standards publishes current

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and some older information about <a

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href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/time_services/daylight_saving_e.html">Time

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Zones & Daylight Saving Time</a>.

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<a href="http://www3.sympatico.ca/c.walton/canada_dst.html">Canadian

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Daylight Saving Regulations</a> summarizes changes for 2007.</dd>

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Zones & Daylight Saving Time</a>.</dd>

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<dt>Chile</dt>

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<dd>The Chilean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service publishes a <a

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href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm" hreflang="es"> history of

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Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd>

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<dt>Israel</dt>

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<dd>The Interior Ministry periodically issues <a

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href="ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/"

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href="ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements"

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hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd>

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<dt>Mexico</dt>

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<dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of

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covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd>

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<dt>New Zealand</dt>

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<dd>The Department of Internal Affairs maintains a brief history <a

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href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-Information-We-Provide-About-Daylight-Saving">About

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href="http://dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-Information-We-Provide-About-Daylight-Saving">About

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Daylight Saving</a>. The privately-maintained <a

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href="http://www.astrologyschool.com/nztime.html">History of New Zealand

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href="http://astrologyschool.com/nztime.html">History of New Zealand

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time</a> has more details.</dd>

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<dt>Norway</dt>

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<dd>The Norwegian Meteorological Institute lists

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discusses how to synchronize clocks of

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Internet hosts.</li>

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<li><a

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href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4833.txt">A

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Timezone Option for <abbr title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</abbr></a>

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href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4833.txt">Timezone

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Options for <abbr title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</abbr></a>

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(Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 4833)

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specifies a <a

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href="http://www.dhcp.org/">DHCP</a> option for a server to configure

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a client's time zone and daylight saving settings automatically.</li>

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<abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.

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<a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html">Time

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Scales</a> goes into more detail, particularly for historical variants.</li>

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<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/"><abbr

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<li>The <a href="http://iau.org/"><abbr

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title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a

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href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/"><abbr

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title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a>

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<abbr title="International Atomic Time">TAI</abbr>,

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<abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and

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<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of

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<li><a href="http://jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of

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Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a>

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briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>

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<li><a

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title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the

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diverse local time

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scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li>

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<li><a href="http://www.leapsecond.com/">LeapSecond.com</a> is

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<li><a href="http://leapsecond.com/">LeapSecond.com</a> is

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dedicated not only to leap seconds but to precise time and frequency

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in general. It covers the state of the art in amateur timekeeping, and

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how the art has progressed over the past few decades.</li>

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International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides

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when leap seconds occur.</li>

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<li>The <a

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href="http://www.mail-archive.com/leapsecs@rom.usno.navy.mil/">Leap

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Second Discussion List</a> and <a

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href="http://rom.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">archive</a> covers <a

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href="http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs">Leap

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Second Discussion List</a> covers <a

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href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy

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and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>,

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discussed further in

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<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The

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leap second: its history and possible future</a>.

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The <a href="http://www.aas.org/policy/LeapSecondCommittee.html"><abbr

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The <a href="http://aas.org/policy/LeapSecondCommittee.html"><abbr

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title="American Astronomical Society">AAS</abbr> Leap Second

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Committee</a> has solicited input on this proposal.

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<a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/">The

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Schema: Datatypes - dateTime</a> specifies a format inspired by

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<abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601 that is in common use in XML data.</li>

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<li>

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<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet <abbr

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title="Request For Comments">RFC</abbr> 2822</a> §3.3

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<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet

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Message Format</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 2822) §3.3

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specifies the time notation used in email and <a

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href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt"><abbr>HTTP</abbr></a>

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headers.</li>

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<li>

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<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet

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<abbr>RFC</abbr> 3339</a> specifies an <abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601

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<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Date and Time

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on the Internet: Timestamps</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 3339)

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specifies an <abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601

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profile for use in new Internet

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protocols.</li>

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<li>

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Formats on the Web</a> surveys web- and Internet-oriented date and time

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formats.</li>

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<li>

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<a href="http://www.exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The

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<a href="http://exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The

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Best of Dates, the Worst of Dates</a> covers many problems encountered

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by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li>

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<li>The <a

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French translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", "<abbr

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title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</abbr>", and

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"Bucharest". <a

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href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/by_type/names.metazone.html">By-Type

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href="http://unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/by_type/names.metazone.html">By-Type

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Chart: names.metazone</a> shows these values for many locales.

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<abbr>ICU</abbr> contains a mechanism for using this data.</li>

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<li>Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique

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<h2>Related indexes</h2>

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<ul>

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<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -

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<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -

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Reference: Time</a></li>

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<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google Directory

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- Reference > Time</a></li>

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<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo!

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<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time">Yahoo!

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Directory > Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li>

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</ul>

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</body>