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// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
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// All rights reserved.
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// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
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// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
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// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
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// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
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// this software without specific prior written permission.
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// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
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// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
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// This file implements death tests.
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#include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
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#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
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#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
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# include <crt_externs.h>
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# endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
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# endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
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# include <sys/mman.h>
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# include <sys/wait.h>
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# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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# endif // GTEST_OS_QNX
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#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
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#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
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#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
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// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
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// implementation. It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
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// included, or there will be a compiler error. This trick is to
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// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
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#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
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#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
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#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
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// The default death test style.
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static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";
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internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
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"Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
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"\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
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"from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
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"\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
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internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
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"Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
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"Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
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"implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
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"those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
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"it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
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"It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
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"work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
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"most likely be removed.");
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GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
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internal_run_death_test, "",
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"Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
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"the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
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"which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
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"the '|' characters. This flag is specified if and only if the current "
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"process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
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"death test. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
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} // namespace internal
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#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
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// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
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// child process of a fast style death test.
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static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
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// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
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// executing in the context of the death test child process. Tools such as
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// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
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// tests. IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility. Using it may break the
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// implementation of death tests. User code MUST NOT use it.
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bool InDeathTestChild() {
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# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
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// death_test_style flag.
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return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
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if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
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return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
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return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
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} // namespace internal
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// ExitedWithCode constructor.
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ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
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// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
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bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
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# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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return exit_status == exit_code_;
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return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
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# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// KilledBySignal constructor.
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KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
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// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
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bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
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return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
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# endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// Utilities needed for death tests.
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// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
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// specified by wait(2).
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static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
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# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
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if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
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m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
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} else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
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m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
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if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
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m << " (core dumped)";
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# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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return m.GetString();
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// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
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// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
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bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
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return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
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# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
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// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
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// to executing the given statement. It is the responsibility of the
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// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
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static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
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msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
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<< " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
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if (thread_count == 0)
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msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
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msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
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return msg.GetString();
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# endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
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static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
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static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
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static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
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static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
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// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
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// conclude. DIED means that the process died while executing the test
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// code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
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// RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
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// statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
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// returned control by throwing an exception. IN_PROGRESS means the test
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// has not yet concluded.
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// TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
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// AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
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enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
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// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
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// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
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// message is propagated back to the parent process. Otherwise, the
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// message is simply printed to stderr. In either case, the program
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// then exits with status 1.
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void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
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// On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
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// death test child process, which operates on a very small stack. Use
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// the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
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const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
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GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
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FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
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fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
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fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
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fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
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// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
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# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
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if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
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::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
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+ ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
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} while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
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// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
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// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
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// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
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// should be tried again. The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
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// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
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// errno to EINTR. If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
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// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
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# define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
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gtest_retval = (expression); \
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} while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
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if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
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::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
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+ ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
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+ #expression + " != -1"); \
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} while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
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// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
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std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
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return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
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// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
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// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
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// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
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// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
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static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
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while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
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buffer[num_read] = '\0';
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} while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
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GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
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const int last_error = errno;
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GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
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<< GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
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// Death test constructor. Increments the running death test count
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// for the current test.
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DeathTest::DeathTest() {
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TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
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DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
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// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
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// death test factory.
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bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
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const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) {
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return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
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statement, regex, file, line, test);
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const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
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return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
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void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
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last_death_test_message_ = message;
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std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
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// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
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class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
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DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
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: statement_(a_statement),
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outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
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// read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
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~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }
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void Abort(AbortReason reason);
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virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);
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const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
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const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
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bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
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void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
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int status() const { return status_; }
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void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
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DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
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void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
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int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
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void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
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int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
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void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }
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// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
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// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
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// member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
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// case of unexpected codes.
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void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
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// The textual content of the code this object is testing. This class
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// doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
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const char* const statement_;
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// The regular expression which test output must match. DeathTestImpl
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// doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
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const RE* const regex_;
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// True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
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// The exit status of the child process.
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// How the death test concluded.
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DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
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// Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process. It is
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// always -1 in the child process. The child keeps its write end of the
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// pipe in write_fd_.
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// Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
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// It is always -1 in the parent process. The parent keeps its end of the
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// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
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// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
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// member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
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// case of unexpected codes.
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void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
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// The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
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// failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
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// its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
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// the child process has exited.
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bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
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} while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
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if (bytes_read == 0) {
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} else if (bytes_read == 1) {
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case kDeathTestReturned:
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set_outcome(RETURNED);
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case kDeathTestThrew:
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case kDeathTestLived:
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case kDeathTestInternalError:
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FailFromInternalError(read_fd()); // Does not return.
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GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
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<< "unexpected status byte ("
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<< static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
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GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
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<< GetLastErrnoDescription();
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
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// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
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// Should be called only in a death test child process.
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// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
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void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
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// The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
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// it finds any data in our pipe. So, here we write a single flag byte
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// to the pipe, then exit.
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const char status_ch =
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reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
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reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
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// We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
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// when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
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// run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
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// indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
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// close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
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// may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
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// relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
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// when the destructors are not run.
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_exit(1); // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
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// Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
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// This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
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static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output) {
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for (size_t at = 0; ; ) {
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const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
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if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
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ret += output.substr(at);
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ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
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// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
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// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
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// Private data members:
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// outcome: An enumeration describing how the death test
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// concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED. The death test
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// fails in the latter three cases.
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// status: The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
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// in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
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// value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
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// of the exception that terminated the program.
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// regex: A regular expression object to be applied to
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// the test's captured standard error output; the death test
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// fails if it does not match.
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// status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
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// this particular death test, which fails if it is false
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// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met. Otherwise, the
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// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
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// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
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bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
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const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
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bool success = false;
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buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
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buffer << " Result: failed to die.\n"
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<< " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
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buffer << " Result: threw an exception.\n"
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<< " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
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buffer << " Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
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<< " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
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const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
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buffer << " Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
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<< " Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
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<< "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
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buffer << " Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
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<< " " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
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<< "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
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<< "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
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DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
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# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
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// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
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// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
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// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
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// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
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// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
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// A few implementation notes: Like the Linux version, the Windows
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// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
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// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
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// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
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// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
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// necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
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// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
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// using a Windows event.
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// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
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// this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
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// 0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
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// parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
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// the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
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// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
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// any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
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// determines whether to fail the test.
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// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
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// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
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class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
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WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
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: DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
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// All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
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virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
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// The name of the file in which the death test is located.
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const char* const file_;
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// The line number on which the death test is located.
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// Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
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AutoHandle write_handle_;
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// Child process handle.
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AutoHandle child_handle_;
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// Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
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// acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
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// event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
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// ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
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AutoHandle event_handle_;
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// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
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// status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
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// outcome data member.
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int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
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// Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
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// of the pipe or it dies.
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const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
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switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
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FALSE, // Waits for any of the handles.
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case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false); // Should not get here.
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// The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
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// We release the handle on our side and continue.
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write_handle_.Reset();
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event_handle_.Reset();
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ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
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// Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
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// returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
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// whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
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WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
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::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
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child_handle_.Reset();
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set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
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// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test. It creates a child
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// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
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// death test. The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
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// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
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// current death test only.
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DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
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const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
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const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
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impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
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const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
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const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
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// ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
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set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
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// WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
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SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
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sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
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HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
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::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
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0) // Default buffer size.
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set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
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write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
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event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
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&handles_are_inheritable,
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TRUE, // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
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FALSE, // The initial state is non-signalled.
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NULL)); // The even is unnamed.
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GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
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const std::string filter_flag =
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std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
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info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
719
const std::string internal_flag =
720
std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
721
"=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
722
StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
723
StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
724
// size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
725
// Windows platforms.
726
// See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
727
"|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
728
"|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
730
char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1]; // NOLINT
731
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
732
_MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
736
std::string command_line =
737
std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
738
internal_flag + "\"";
740
DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
743
// Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
746
// The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
747
STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
748
memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
749
startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
750
startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
751
startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
752
startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
754
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
755
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
757
const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
758
NULL, // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
759
NULL, // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
760
TRUE, // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
761
0x0, // Default creation flags.
762
NULL, // Inherit the parent's environment.
763
UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
765
&process_info) != FALSE);
766
child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
767
::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
771
# else // We are not on Windows.
773
// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
774
// methods of the DeathTest interface. Only the AssumeRole method is
776
class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
778
ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);
780
// All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
784
void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }
787
// PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
791
// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
792
ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
793
: DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
796
// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
797
// status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
798
// outcome data member.
799
int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
803
ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
806
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
807
set_status(status_value);
811
// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
812
// in the child process.
813
class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
815
NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) :
816
ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) { }
817
virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
820
// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test. It implements a
821
// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
822
DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
823
const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
824
if (thread_count != 1) {
825
GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
829
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
831
DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
833
// When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
834
// file descriptors are shared. We flush all log files here so that closing
835
// the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
836
// synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
837
// This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
838
// there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
839
// thread writes to the log file.
842
const pid_t child_pid = fork();
843
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
844
set_child_pid(child_pid);
845
if (child_pid == 0) {
846
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
847
set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
848
// Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
849
// concurrent writes to the log files. We capture stderr in the parent
850
// process and append the child process' output to a log.
852
// Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
853
// down in death test subprocesses.
854
GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
855
g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
858
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
859
set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
865
// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
866
// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
867
// only this specific death test to be run.
868
class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
870
ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
871
const char* file, int line) :
872
ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
873
virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
875
static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
876
GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
877
::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
880
// The name of the file in which the death test is located.
881
const char* const file_;
882
// The line number on which the death test is located.
886
// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
890
args_.push_back(NULL);
894
for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
899
void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
900
args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
903
template <typename Str>
904
void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
905
for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
906
i != arguments.end();
908
args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
911
char* const* Argv() {
916
std::vector<char*> args_;
919
// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
920
// threadsafe-style death test process.
921
struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
922
char* const* argv; // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
923
int close_fd; // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
927
inline char** GetEnviron() {
928
// When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
929
// is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
930
// _NSGetEnviron() instead.
931
return *_NSGetEnviron();
934
// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
935
// it reside in the global namespace.
936
extern "C" char** environ;
937
inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
938
# endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
941
// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
942
// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
943
// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
944
static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
945
ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
946
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
948
// We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
949
// it was originally invoked. Therefore we change to the original
950
// working directory first.
951
const char* const original_dir =
952
UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
953
// We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
954
if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
955
DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
956
GetLastErrnoDescription());
960
// We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call. We
961
// cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
962
// unsafe. Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
963
// invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
964
// one path separator.
965
execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
966
DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
967
original_dir + " failed: " +
968
GetLastErrnoDescription());
971
# endif // !GTEST_OS_QNX
973
// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
975
// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
976
// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
977
// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
979
// GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
980
// StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
982
void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
983
void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
985
*result = (&dummy < ptr);
988
bool StackGrowsDown() {
991
StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
995
// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
996
// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test. The
997
// implementation uses fork(2) + exec. On systems where clone(2) is
998
// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe. On QNX,
999
// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
1000
// spawn(2) there instead. The function dies with an error message if
1001
// anything goes wrong.
1002
static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
1003
ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
1004
pid_t child_pid = -1;
1007
// Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
1009
const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
1010
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
1011
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
1012
// We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
1013
// it was originally invoked. Therefore we change to the original
1014
// working directory first.
1015
const char* const original_dir =
1016
UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
1017
// We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
1018
if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
1019
DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
1020
GetLastErrnoDescription());
1021
return EXIT_FAILURE;
1025
// Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
1026
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
1027
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
1028
fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
1029
struct inheritance inherit = {0};
1030
// spawn is a system call.
1031
child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
1032
// Restores the current working directory.
1033
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
1034
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
1036
# else // GTEST_OS_QNX
1038
// When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
1039
// the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
1040
// it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
1041
struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
1042
struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
1043
memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
1044
sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
1045
ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1046
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
1047
SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
1048
# endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
1050
# if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
1051
const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
1054
static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
1055
const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
1056
// MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
1057
void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1058
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
1059
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
1061
// Maximum stack alignment in bytes: For a downward-growing stack, this
1062
// amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
1063
// that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
1064
// about. As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
1065
// than 64. We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
1066
// kMaxStackAlignment.
1067
const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
1068
void* const stack_top =
1069
static_cast<char*>(stack) +
1070
(stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
1071
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
1072
reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
1074
child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
1076
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
1079
const bool use_fork = true;
1080
# endif // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
1082
if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
1083
ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
1086
# endif // GTEST_OS_QNX
1088
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
1089
sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
1090
# endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
1092
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
1096
// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test. It re-executes the
1097
// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
1098
// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
1099
// death test to be re-run.
1100
DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
1101
const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
1102
const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
1103
impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
1104
const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
1105
const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
1108
set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
1109
return EXECUTE_TEST;
1113
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
1114
// Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
1115
// it be closed when the child process does an exec:
1116
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
1118
const std::string filter_flag =
1119
std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
1120
+ info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
1121
const std::string internal_flag =
1122
std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
1123
+ file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
1124
+ StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
1125
+ StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
1127
args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
1128
args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
1129
args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
1131
DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
1134
// See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
1138
const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
1139
GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
1140
set_child_pid(child_pid);
1141
set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
1143
return OVERSEE_TEST;
1146
# endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1148
// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
1149
// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
1150
// by the "test" argument to its address. If the test should be
1151
// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL. Returns true, unless the
1152
// flag is set to an invalid value.
1153
bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
1154
const char* file, int line,
1156
UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
1157
const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
1158
impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
1159
const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
1160
->increment_death_test_count();
1163
if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
1164
DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
1165
"Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
1166
+ ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
1167
+ StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
1171
if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
1172
flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
1178
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1180
if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
1181
GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
1182
*test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
1187
if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
1188
*test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
1189
} else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
1190
*test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
1193
# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1195
else { // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
1196
DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
1197
"Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
1198
+ "\" encountered");
1205
// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
1206
// vector with the fields. GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
1207
// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
1208
static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
1209
::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
1210
::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
1211
::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
1212
while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
1213
const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
1214
if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
1215
parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
1218
parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
1225
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1226
// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
1227
// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
1228
// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
1229
int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
1230
size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
1231
size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
1232
AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
1233
FALSE, // Non-inheritable.
1234
parent_process_id));
1235
if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1236
DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
1237
StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
1240
// TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
1241
// compile-time assertion when available.
1242
GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
1244
const HANDLE write_handle =
1245
reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
1246
HANDLE dup_write_handle;
1248
// The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
1249
// process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
1251
if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
1252
::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
1253
0x0, // Requested privileges ignored since
1254
// DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
1255
FALSE, // Request non-inheritable handler.
1256
DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
1257
DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
1258
StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
1259
" from the parent process " +
1260
StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
1263
const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
1264
HANDLE dup_event_handle;
1266
if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
1267
::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
1270
DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
1271
DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
1272
StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
1273
" from the parent process " +
1274
StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
1277
const int write_fd =
1278
::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
1279
if (write_fd == -1) {
1280
DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
1281
StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
1282
" to a file descriptor");
1285
// Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
1286
// so the parent can release its own write end.
1287
::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
1291
# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1293
// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
1294
// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
1295
// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
1296
InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
1297
if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;
1299
// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
1303
::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
1304
SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
1307
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1309
unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
1310
size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
1311
size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
1313
if (fields.size() != 6
1314
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
1315
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
1316
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
1317
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
1318
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
1319
DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
1320
GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
1322
write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
1323
write_handle_as_size_t,
1324
event_handle_as_size_t);
1327
if (fields.size() != 4
1328
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
1329
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
1330
|| !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
1331
DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
1332
+ GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
1335
# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1337
return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
1340
} // namespace internal
1342
#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
1344
} // namespace testing