~ricardo-cropalato/ubuntu-desktop-course/ubuntu-desktop-course-pt-br-ricardo-cropalato

<chapter>

        <title>Introducing Ubuntu</title>

                <para><emphasis role="strong">Objectives</emphasis></para>

                </para>

                <sect1>

                        <title>About Open Source</title>

                        understand the concept of open source, which is the underlying

                        foundation of Ubuntu. Briefly explain the dictionary meaning of 'open

                        source' in general and move on to establishing how the open source

                        spread over different phases: Free Software Movement, Open Source

                        Movement initiation and its formal launch. Explain the Ubuntu release schedule, naming 

                        convention and Ubuntu promise in detail.</emphasis></para>

                        <para>Ubuntu is a Linux-based open source operating system. The term 'open

                        source' can be defined as a set of principles and practices that promotes

                        access to the design and production of goods and knowledge. Open

                                free kernel was yet unavailable to build a free OS that would use these

                                tools.</para>

                        </sect2>

                        <sect2>

                                <title>The Open Source Movement and Linux</title>

                                <para>The difference between free software and open source can be defined

                                <para>In August 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds, a second-year Finnish

                                student of computer science at the University of Helsinki, started

                                working on Minix.</para>

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                                </figure>

                                <tip><title><emphasis role="strong">Nice to Know:</emphasis></title>

                                Bruce Perens et al formally launched the Open Source Movement. They

                                promoted open source software exclusively on the basis of technical

                                excellence.</para>

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                                </figure>

                                <para>The open source movement and the dot.com boom of the late 1990s

                        </sect1>

                        <sect1>         

                        <title>About Ubuntu</title>

                        understand the origins of Ubuntu, the development cycle, version releases

                        and the importance of community contributions towards its development.</emphasis></para>

                        <para>Ubuntu is a community developed, Linux-based operating system

                        that is perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. It contains all the

                        applications you need - including a Web browser, presentation, document and

                        <para>Ubuntu is an African word meaning 'Humanity to others', or 'I am what I am because of who we all are'.</para></tip>

                        <para>The history of Ubuntu dates back to April 2004 when Mark Shuttleworth

                        formed a group of open source developers to create a new Linux OS.

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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                        </figure>

                        Based on the principles of time-based releases, a strong Debian foundation, the GNOME desktop, and a strong commitment 

                        to freedom, this group operated initially under the auspices of http://no-name-yet.com.</para>

                        <para>In a little over three years, Ubuntu has grown to a community of over 12,000 members and an estimated user base of over 8 million

                        (as at June 2007).</para>

                        about Mark Shuttleworth, present the following content as a story.</emphasis></para>

                        <para><emphasis role="italic">Mark Shuttleworth is an African entrepreneur

                        with a love for technology, innovation, change and space flight. Shuttleworth

                        member of the cosmonaut crew of Soyuz Mission TM34 to the International Space

                        Station. In early 2004, he founded the Ubuntu project, which aims to produce a

                        free, high-quality, user friendly OS available for everybody.</emphasis></para>

                        <sect2>

                                <title>The Ubuntu Promise</title>

                                the very essence of the spirit and success of the software.</emphasis></para>

                                <itemizedlist>

                                        <listitem><para>Ubuntu will always be free of charge, including enterprise

                                        releases and security updates.</para></listitem>

                                <para>Each release is supported for 18 months; Long Term Support

                                releases (LTS) are supported for 3 years on the desktop and 5 years on

                                the server.</para>

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                                </figure>

                                <para>A brief history of releases:</para>

                        user root is locked in Ubuntu and only certain tasks are run with administrative

                        privileges. Microsoft Windows provides an environment where people

                        access administrative user directly.</para>

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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                        </figure>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Customisation:</emphasis>

                        As a result, you are not stuck with using one version because it was the first you installed.</para>

                        <para>Microsoft Windows is a standard OS with some options

                        for customization. While many applications are available, most are proprietary software which incur a license fee.</para>

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                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                        </figure>

                        

                                   In Microsoft Windows, each programme supplies its own installation method. Microsoft Vista has a

                                        Digital Locker feature enables users to purchase software online and download

                                        it in a protected manner.</para>

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                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                                        </figure>

                                        </listitem>

                                        version of Outlook Express, with a stripped down calendar or appointment

                                        application, Microsoft Windows Calendar. An upgrade to Outlook is suggested if you

                                        use the calendar often or if you have a full PIM. Ubuntu users enjoy the out-of-the-box mail client setup facility.</para>

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                                        </figure>

                                                                

                                        provides many features of Microsoft Office. 

                                        Vista comes with WordPad by default; the full version of Microsoft Word (or Office) for Microsoft Windows,

                                        is available at an additional cost.

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                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                                        </figure></para>

                                        

                                        your core entertainment system. WMP can contain a large music

                                        library. With the index search system of WMP, you can search music

                                        numbers by a particular artist or search for specific numbers.</para>

                                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Image Editing and Picture Management:</emphasis>

                                        With the Picture Gallery application of Microsoft Vista, you can

                                        upload thousands of images and add tags. You can also organise the images

                                        Flickr and Picasa Web.</para>

                                        <para>Ubuntu provides Gimp for image editing which is a powerful Photoshop-like application. 

                                        Microsoft Windows Vista provides 'Paint' for basic image editing.</para>

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                                                </imageobject></mediaobject>

                                        </figure>

                                        

                                <listitem><para>Key differences between Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows</para></listitem>

                        </itemizedlist>

                </sect1>

                <sect1>

                        <title>Review Exercise</title>

                        exercise when Exploring the GNOME Desktop in Lesson 3.</emphasis></para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 1</emphasis></para>

                        <para>What is meant by the term free software?</para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 1</emphasis></para>

                        <para>Quoting the Free Software Foundation's 'What is Free Software', the freedoms at the core of free software are defined as:</para>

                        <itemizedlist>

           <listitem><para>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others.</para></listitem>    

                        <listitem><para>The freedom to improve the programme and release your improvements to the public, so that everyone benefits.</para></listitem>

                        </itemizedlist>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 2</emphasis></para>

                        <para>What is the Ubuntu promise?</para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 2</emphasis></para>

                        <para>The Ubuntu promise is:

                                <itemizedlist>

                                        improve it and pass it on.</para></listitem>

                                </itemizedlist>

                        </para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 3</emphasis></para>

                        <para>Match the Ubuntu versions with the years in which they were

                        released.</para>

                        <table>

                        <tgroup cols="2">

                                <tbody>

                                        <row>

                                                <entry><para>1) 7.04</para></entry>

                                </tbody>

                        </tgroup>

                        </table>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Answer 3</emphasis></para>

                        <table>

                        <tgroup cols="2">

                                <tbody>

                                        <row>

                                                <entry><para>1) 7.04</para></entry>

                                </tbody>

                        </tgroup>

                        </table>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 4</emphasis></para>

                        <para>List three ways in which non-technical users can contribute

                        towards the development of Ubuntu.</para>

                        <para>The three ways in which non-technical users can contribute

                        towards Ubuntu development are artwork, translation and localisation and

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 5</emphasis></para>

                        <para>The default web browser on Ubuntu is _________________.</para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 6</emphasis></para>

                        <para>The default e-mail client on Ubuntu is __________________.</para>

                        <para><emphasis role="strong">Question 7</emphasis></para>

                        <para>What are the advantages of Ubuntu 6 monthly releases?</para>

                </sect1>

</chapter>