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</style><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../common/css/positioning.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../common/jquery/theme-redmond/jquery-ui-1.8.2.custom.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../common/jquery/treeview/jquery.treeview.css"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../common/jquery/jquery-1.4.2.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../common/jquery/jquery-ui-1.8.2.custom.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../common/jquery/jquery.cookie.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../common/jquery/treeview/jquery.treeview.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/htmlFileList.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/htmlFileInfoList.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/nwSearchFnt.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/stemmers/en_stemmer.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-1.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-2.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="search/index-3.js"></script></head><body><div xmlns="" id="header"><img src="../common/images/openstack-logo.png" alt="OpenStack Documentation" width="157" height="47"/><p class="breadcrumbs"><a href="http://docs.openstack.org/">OpenStack Manuals</a></p><h1>Networking Options</h1><div id="navheader" align="right"><table class="navLinks"><tr><td><a id="showHideButton" onclick="showHideToc();" class="pointLeft" title="Hide TOC tree">Sidebar

</a></td><td><a accesskey="p" class="navLinkPrevious" href="ch_networking.html">Prev</a>

<a accesskey="n" class="navLinkNext" href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html">Next</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="content"><div class="section" title="Networking Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d1139e894"/>Networking Options</h2></div></div></div><p>This section offers a brief overview of each concept in networking for Compute. </p><p>In Compute, users organize their cloud resources in projects. A Compute project

consists of a number of VM instances created by a user. For each VM instance, Compute

assigns to it a private IP address. (Currently, Nova only supports Linux bridge

networking that allows the virtual interfaces to connect to the outside network through

the physical interface.)</p><p>The Network Controller provides virtual networks to enable compute servers to interact

with each other and with the public network.</p><p>Currently, Nova supports three kinds of networks, implemented in three “Network

Manager” types respectively: Flat Network Manager, Flat DHCP Network Manager, and VLAN

Network Manager. The three kinds of networks can co-exist in a cloud system. However,

since you can't yet select the type of network for a given project, you cannot configure

more than one type of network in a given Compute installation.</p><p>Nova has a concept of Fixed IPs and Floating IPs. Fixed IPs are assigned to an

instance on creation and stay the same until the instance is explicitly terminated.

Floating IPs are IP addresses that can be dynamically associated with an instance. This

address can be disassociated and associated with another instance at any time. A user

can reserve a floating IP for their project. </p><p>In Flat Mode, a network administrator specifies a subnet. The IP addresses for VM

instances are grabbed from the subnet, and then injected into the image on launch. Each

instance receives a fixed IP address from the pool of available addresses. A network

administrator must configure the Linux networking bridge (named br100) both on the

network controller hosting the network and on the cloud controllers hosting the

instances. All instances of the system are attached to the same bridge, configured

manually by the network administrator.</p><p>

</p><div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>The configuration injection currently only works on Linux-style systems that

keep networking configuration in /etc/network/interfaces.</p></div><p>

</p><p>In Flat DHCP Mode, you start a DHCP server to pass out IP addresses to VM instances

from the specified subnet in addition to manually configuring the networking bridge. IP

addresses for VM instances are grabbed from a subnet specified by the network

administrator. Like Flat Mode, all instances are attached to a single bridge on the

compute node. In addition a DHCP server is running to configure instances. In this mode,

Compute does a bit more configuration in that it attempts to bridge into an ethernet

device (eth0 by default). It will also run dnsmasq as a dhcpserver listening on this

bridge. Instances receive their fixed IPs by doing a dhcpdiscover. </p><p>In both flat modes, the network nodes do not act as a default gateway. Instances are

given public IP addresses. Compute nodes have iptables/ebtables entries created per

project and instance to protect against IP/MAC address spoofing and ARP poisoning. </p><p>VLAN Network Mode is the default mode for OpenStack Compute. In this mode, Compute

creates a VLAN and bridge for each project. For multiple machine installation, the VLAN

Network Mode requires a switch that supports host-managed VLAN tagging. The project gets

a range of private IPs that are only accessible from inside the VLAN. In order for a

user to access the instances in their project, a special VPN instance (code named

cloudpipe) needs to be created. Compute generates a certificate and key for the user to

access the VPN and starts the VPN automatically. It provides a private network segment

for each project's instances that can be accessed via a dedicated VPN connection from

the Internet. In this mode, each project gets its own VLAN, Linux networking bridge, and

subnet. The subnets are specified by the network administrator, and are assigned

dynamically to a project when required. A DHCP Server is started for each VLAN to pass

out IP addresses to VM instances from the subnet assigned to the project. All instances

belonging to one project are bridged into the same VLAN for that project. OpenStack

Compute creates the Linux networking bridges and VLANs when required.</p></div><script xmlns="" type="text/javascript" src="../common/main.js"></script><hr xmlns=""/><h2 xmlns="" class="userNotes">User Notes On This Page</h2><div xmlns="" id="disqus_thread"><script type="text/javascript">

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class="contentsTab">Contents</span></a></li><li><a href="#searchDiv"><span class="searchTab">Search</span></a></li></ul><div id="treeDiv"><img src="../../../common/images/loading.gif" alt="loading table of contents..." id="tocLoading" style="display:block;"/><div id="ulTreeDiv" style="display:none"><ul id="tree" class="filetree"><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_getting-started-with-openstack.html">Getting Started with OpenStack</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="what-is-openstack.html">What is OpenStack?</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="components-of-openstack.html">Components of OpenStack</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="why-cloud.html">Why Cloud?</a></span></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_introduction-to-openstack-compute.html">Introduction to OpenStack Compute</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="users-and-projects.html">Users and 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class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu.html#d1139e200">Manual Installation</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu.html#d1139e204">Installing the Cloud Controller</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu.html#d1139e220">Setting up the SQL Database (MySQL) on the Cloud Controller</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu.html#d1139e239">Installing the Compute Node</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-compute-on-ubuntu.html#d1139e250">Restart All Relevant Services on the Compute Node</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html">Post-Installation Configuration for OpenStack Compute</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#d1139e258">Setting Flags in the nova.conf File</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#d1139e314">Setting Up OpenStack Compute Environment on the Compute Node</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#d1139e325">Creating Certifications</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#d1139e333">Enabling Access to VMs on the Compute Node</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#d1139e339">Configuring Multiple Compute Nodes</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_configuring-openstack-compute.html">Configuring OpenStack Compute</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="general-compute-configuration-overview.html">General Compute Configuration Overview</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-logging.html">Configuring Logging</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-compute-to-use-ipv6-addresses.html">Configuring Compute to use IPv6 Addresses </a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-compute-to-use-the-image-service.html">Configuring Image Service and Storage for Compute</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-live-migrations.html">Configuring Live Migrations </a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-database-connections.html">Configuring Database Connections </a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-compute-messaging.html">Configuring the Compute Messaging System</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-authentication-authorization.html">Configuring Authentication and Authorization </a></span></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_openstack-compute-automated-installations.html">OpenStack Compute Automated Installations</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html">OpenStack Compute Deployment Tool with Puppet</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html#d1139e754">Prerequisites</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html#d1139e796">Installing the Deployment Tool</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html#d1139e800">Set permissions to the deployment 'user'</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html#d1139e806">Configure SSH</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-deployment-tool-with-puppet.html#d1139e817">Configuring the Deployment Tool</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html">OpenStack Compute Installation Using VirtualBox, Vagrant, And Chef</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e852">Installing VirtualBox</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e861">Get the Vagrant Pre-release</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e869">Get the Chef Recipes</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e872">Set Up Some Directories</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e875">Get the chef-solo Vagrant file</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-compute-installation-using-virtualbox-vagrant-and-chef.html#d1139e879">Running OpenStack Compute within a Vagrant Instance</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_networking.html">Networking</a></span><ul><li id="webhelp-currentid"><span class="file"><a href="networking-options.html">Networking Options</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html">Configuring Networking on the Compute Node</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html#d1139e931">Configuring Flat Networking</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html#d1139e943">Configuring Flat DHCP Networking</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html#d1139e950">Configuring VLAN Networking</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html#d1139e993">Enabling Ping and SSH on VMs</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="configuring-networking-on-the-compute-node.html#d1139e999">Allocating and Associating IP Addresses with Instances</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_running-openstack-compute.html">Running OpenStack Compute</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="starting-images.html">Starting Images</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="deleting-instances.html">Deleting Instances</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="creating-custom-images.html">Creating Custom Images</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html">Understanding the Compute Service Architecture</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html#d1139e1071">API Server</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html#d1139e1075">Message Queue</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html#d1139e1079">Compute Worker</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html#d1139e1095">Network Controller</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="understanding-the-compute-service-architecture.html#d1139e1105">Volume Workers</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-the-cloud.html">Managing the Cloud</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-the-cloud.html#d1139e1120">Using the nova-manage command</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-compute-users.html">Managing Compute Users</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-compute-users.html#d1139e1136">Credentials</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-compute-users.html#d1139e1142">Role Based Access Control</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-volumes.html">Managing Volumes</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-volumes.html#d1139e1167">Configure Volumes for use with nova-volume</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-volumes.html#d1139e1208">Configure iscsitarget</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-volumes.html#d1139e1214">Configure nova.conf Flag File</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="managing-volumes.html#d1139e1217">Start nova-volume and Create Volumes</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="reference-for-flags-in-nova-conf.html">Reference for Flags in nova.conf</a></span></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_introduction-to-openstack-imaging-service.html">Running Compute with the OpenStack Imaging Service</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="overview-of-architecture.html">Overview of Architecture</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-api-server.html">OpenStack Imaging Service API Server</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-registry-servers.html">OpenStack Imaging Service Registry Servers</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html">Installing and Configuring OpenStack Imaging Service</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1665">System Requirements for OpenStack Imaging Service (Glance)</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1677">Installing OpenStack Imaging Service on Ubuntu </a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1680">Example Installation Architecture</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1683">Installing OpenStack Imaging Service (Glance) </a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1697">Configuring and Controlling Glance Servers</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1715">Manually starting the server</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1721">Starting the server with the glance-control wrapper script</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1730">Stopping a Glance server</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1737">Restarting a Glance server</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-imaging-service.html#d1139e1741">Configuring Compute to use Glance</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html">OpenStack Imaging Service (Glance) REST API</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1752">Requesting a List of Public VM Images</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1758">Requesting Detailed Metadata on Public VM Images</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1770">Requesting Detailed Metadata on a Specific Image</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1785">Retrieving a Virtual Machine Image</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1807">Adding a New Virtual Machine Image</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1818">Adding Image Metadata in HTTP Headers</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="openstack-imaging-service-glance-rest-api.html#d1139e1871">Updating an Image</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_openstack-interfaces.html">OpenStack Interfaces</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="dashboard-system-requirements.html">System Requirements</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-dashboard.html">Installing the OpenStack Dashboard</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-dashboard.html#d1139e1907">Get the Dashboard Website Source</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-dashboard.html#d1139e1918">(Optional) Build django-nova</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-dashboard.html#d1139e1931">Build and Configure Openstack-Dashboard</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="installing-openstack-dashboard.html#d1139e1966">Run the Server</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_openstack-compute-tutorials.html">OpenStack Compute Tutorials</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html">Running Your First Elastic Web Application on the Cloud</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e1988">Part I: Setting Up the Cloud Infrastructure</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e1991">Configuring the network</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2013">Ensure the Database is Up-to-date</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2017">Creating a user</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2024">Creating a project and related credentials</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2040">Part II: Getting Virtual Machines to Run the Virtual Servers</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2051">Part III: Installing the Needed Software for the Web-Scale Scenario</a></span><ul><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2060">On the first VM, install WordPress</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2070">On a second VM, install MySQL</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2074">On a third VM, install Memcache</a></span></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2079">Configure the Wordpress Memcache plugin</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="file"><a href="running-elastic-web-app-cloud.html#d1139e2082">Running a Blog in the Cloud</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="file"><a href="ch_support-and-troubleshooting.html">Support and 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