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- Committer: Package Import Robot
- Author(s): Sven Joachim
- Date: 2015-08-17 18:01:53 UTC
- mfrom: (1.32.11)
- Revision ID: package-import@ubuntu.com-20150817180153-ywf02awpkuzvqwdv
Tags: 6.0+20150810-1
* New upstream release.
- Fix comparison against "/usr/include" in misc/gen-pkgconfig.in
(Closes: #790548).
* Configure with "--with-abi-version=5", upstream defaults to abi 6 now.
* Configure with "--with-versioned-syms" (Closes: #788610).
- Bump minimal versions of all symbols as well as shlibs to 6.
* After building the wide library, install it into a temporary
scratchdir so that test/configure can find the necessary auxiliary
files (see #786436).
* Drop the libncursesw5-dev build-dependency.
- Fix comparison against "/usr/include" in misc/gen-pkgconfig.in
(Closes: #790548).
* Configure with "--with-abi-version=5", upstream defaults to abi 6 now.
* Configure with "--with-versioned-syms" (Closes: #788610).
- Bump minimal versions of all symbols as well as shlibs to 6.
* After building the wide library, install it into a temporary
scratchdir so that test/configure can find the necessary auxiliary
files (see #786436).
* Drop the libncursesw5-dev build-dependency.
- files added:
- doc/html/man/adacurses-config.1.html
- files modified:
- .pc/02-debian-backspace.diff/misc/terminfo.src
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removed
doc/html/announce.html
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$Id: announce.html,v 1.56 2013/05/17 23:34:26 tom Exp $
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* Copyright (c) 1998-2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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* Copyright (c) 1998-2013,2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
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"HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org">
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<title>Announcing ncurses 5.9</title>
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<title>Announcing ncurses 6.0</title>
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<link rev="made" href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<body>
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<h1>Announcing ncurses 5.9</h1>The ncurses (new curses)
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library is a free software emulation of curses in System V
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Release 4.0, and more. It uses terminfo format, supports pads and
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<h1 class="no-header">Announcing ncurses 6.0</h1>
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<h2><a name="h2-overview" id="h2-overview">Overview</a></h2>
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<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> (new curses) library
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is a free software emulation of curses in System V Release 4.0
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(SVr4), and more. It uses terminfo format, supports pads and
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color and multiple highlights and forms characters and
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function-key mapping, and has all the other SYSV-curses
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enhancements over BSD curses.
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function-key mapping, and has all the other SVr4-curses
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enhancements over BSD curses. SVr4 curses is better known today
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as X/Open Curses.</p>
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<p>In mid-June 1995, the maintainer of 4.4BSD curses declared
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that he considered 4.4BSD curses obsolete, and encouraged the
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keepers of Unix releases such as BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to
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switch over to ncurses.</p>
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<p>The ncurses code was developed under GNU/Linux. It has been in
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use for some time with OpenBSD as the system curses library, and
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on FreeBSD and NetBSD as an external package. It should port
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easily to any ANSI/POSIX-conforming UNIX. It has even been ported
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to OS/2 Warp!</p>
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keepers of <em class="small-caps">unix</em> releases such as
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BSD/OS, FreeBSD and NetBSD to switch over to <em class=
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"small-caps">ncurses</em>.</p>
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<p>Since 1995, <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> has been
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ported to many systems:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>It is used in almost every system based on the Linux kernel
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(aside from some embedded applications).</li>
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<li>It is used as the system curses library on OpenBSD, FreeBSD
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and OSX.</li>
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<li>It is used in environments such as Cygwin and MinGW. The
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first of these was EMX on OS/2 Warp.</li>
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<li>It is used (though usually not as the <em>system</em>
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curses) on all of the vendor <em class="small-caps">unix</em>
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systems, e.g., AIX, HP-UX, IRIX64, SCO, Solaris, Tru64.</li>
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<li>It should work readily on any ANSI/POSIX-conforming
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<em class="small-caps">unix</em>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The distribution includes the library and support utilities,
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including a terminfo compiler tic(1), a decompiler infocmp(1),
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clear(1), tput(1), tset(1), and a termcap conversion tool
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captoinfo(1). Full manual pages are provided for the library and
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tools.</p>
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<p>The ncurses distribution is available via anonymous FTP at the
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GNU distribution site <a href=
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"ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/</a> .<br>
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It is also available at <a href=
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"ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</a> .</p>
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<h1>Release Notes</h1>This release is designed to be upward
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compatible from ncurses 5.0 through 5.8; very few applications
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will require recompilation, depending on the platform. These are
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the highlights from the change-log since ncurses 5.8 release.
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<p>
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This is a bug-fix release, correcting a small number of urgent problems
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in the ncurses library from the 5.8 release.
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<p>
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It also improves the Ada95 binding:
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<ul>
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<li>fixes a longstanding portability problem with its use of the
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<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/form_fieldtype.3x">set_field_type</a>
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function. Because that function uses variable-length argument lists,
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its interface with gnat does not work with certain platforms.
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<li>improves configurability and portability, particularly when built
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separately from the main ncurses tree. The 5.8 release introduced
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scripts which can be used to construct separate tarballs for the
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Ada95 and ncurses examples.
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<p>Those were a proof of concept. For the 5.9 release, those
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scripts are augmented with rpm- and dpkg-scripts used in test builds
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against a variety of gnat- and system ncurses versions as old as
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gnat 3.15 and ncurses 5.4 (see snapshots and systems tested
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<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-Ada95.html">here</a>.
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<li>additional improvements were made for portability of the
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ncurses examples, adding rpm- and dpkg-scripts for test-builds.
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See
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<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-examples.html">this page</a>
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for snapshots and other information.
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</ul>
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<h1>Features of Ncurses</h1>The ncurses package is fully
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compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:
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<ul>
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<li>All 257 of the SVr4 calls have been implemented (and are
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documented).</li>
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<li>Full support for SVr4 curses features including keyboard
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mapping, color, forms-drawing with ACS characters, and
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automatic recognition of keypad and function keys.</li>
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<li>An emulation of the SVr4 panels library, supporting a stack
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of windows with backing store, is included.</li>
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<li>An emulation of the SVr4 menus library, supporting a
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uniform but flexible interface for menu programming, is
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included.</li>
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<li>An emulation of the SVr4 form library, supporting data
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collection through on-screen forms, is included.</li>
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<li>Binary terminfo entries generated by the ncurses tic(1)
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implementation are bit-for-bit-compatible with the entry format
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SVr4 curses uses.</li>
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<li>The utilities have options to allow you to filter terminfo
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entries for use with less capable
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<strong>curses</strong>/<strong>terminfo</strong> versions such
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as the HP/UX and AIX ports.</li>
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</ul>The ncurses package also has many useful extensions over
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SVr4:
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<ul>
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<li>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the
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X/OPEN curses specification, XSI curses (that is, it implements
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all BASE level features, and most EXTENDED features). It
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includes many function calls not supported under SVr4 curses
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(but portability of all calls is documented so you can use the
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SVr4 subset only).</li>
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<li>Unlike SVr3 curses, ncurses can write to the
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rightmost-bottommost corner of the screen if your terminal has
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an insert-character capability.</li>
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<li>Ada95 and C++ bindings.</li>
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<li>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and
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FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.</li>
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<li>Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm
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package.</li>
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<li>The function <code>wresize</code> allows you to resize
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windows, preserving their data.</li>
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<li>The function <code>use_default_colors</code> allows you to
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use the terminal's default colors for the default color pair,
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achieving the effect of transparent colors.</li>
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<li>The functions <code>keyok</code> and
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<code>define_key</code> allow you to better control the use of
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function keys, e.g., disabling the ncurses KEY_MOUSE, or by
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defining more than one control sequence to map to a given key
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code.</li>
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<li>Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm, when
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configured using the <code>--enable-ext-colors</code>
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option.</li>
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<li>Support for 16-color terminals, such as <em>aixterm</em>
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and <em>modern xterm</em>.</li>
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<li>Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now
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features a cursor-local-movement computation more efficient
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than either BSD's or System V's.</li>
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<li>Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code
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incorporates a novel, simple, and cheap algorithm that enables
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it to make optimal use of hardware scrolling, line-insertion,
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and line-deletion for screen-line movements. This algorithm is
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more powerful than the 4.4BSD curses <code>quickch</code>
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routine.</li>
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<li>Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch.
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The screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight if
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the magic- cookie unattributed spaces required just before the
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beginning and after the end would step on a non-space
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character. It will automatically shift highlight boundaries
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when doing so would make it possible to draw the highlight
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without changing the visual appearance of the screen.</li>
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<li>It is possible to generate the library with a list of
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pre-loaded fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve
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those terminal types even when no terminfo tree or termcap file
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is accessible (this may be useful for support of
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screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user
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mode).</li>
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<li>The tic(1)/captoinfo utility provided with ncurses has the
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ability to translate many termcaps from the XENIX, IBM and
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AT&T extension sets.</li>
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<li>A BSD-like tset(1) utility is provided.</li>
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<li>The ncurses library and utilities will automatically read
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terminfo entries from $HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile
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to that directory if it exists and the user has no write access
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to the system directory. This feature makes it easier for users
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to have personal terminfo entries without giving up access to
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the system terminfo directory.</li>
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<li>You may specify a path of directories to search for
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compiled descriptions with the environment variable
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TERMINFO_DIRS (this generalizes the feature provided by
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TERMINFO under stock System V.)</li>
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<li>In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not
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just to other entries in the same source file (as in System V)
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but also to compiled entries in either the system terminfo
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directory or the user's $HOME/.terminfo directory.</li>
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<li>A script (<strong>capconvert</strong>) is provided to help
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BSD users transition from termcap to terminfo. It gathers the
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information in a TERMCAP environment variable and/or a
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~/.termcap local entries file and converts it to an equivalent
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local terminfo tree under $HOME/.terminfo.</li>
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<li>Automatic fallback to the /etc/termcap file can be compiled
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in when it is not possible to build a terminfo tree. This
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feature is neither fast nor cheap, you don't want to use it
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unless you have to, but it's there.</li>
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<li>The table-of-entries utility <strong>toe</strong> makes it
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easy for users to see exactly what terminal types are available
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on the system.</li>
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<li>The library meets the XSI requirement that every macro
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entry point have a corresponding function which may be linked
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(and will be prototype-checked) if the macro definition is
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disabled with <code>#undef</code>.</li>
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<li>An HTML "Introduction to Programming with NCURSES" document
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provides a narrative introduction to the curses programming
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interface.</li>
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</ul>
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<h1>State of the Package</h1>Numerous bugs present in earlier
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versions have been fixed; the library is far more reliable than
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it used to be. Bounds checking in many `dangerous' entry points
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has been improved. The code is now type-safe according to gcc
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-Wall. The library has been checked for malloc leaks and arena
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corruption by the Purify memory-allocation tester.
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<p>The ncurses code has been tested with a wide variety of
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applications including (versions starting with those noted):</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>cdk</dt>
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<dd>Curses Development Kit<br>
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<a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/cdk/">http://invisible-island.net/cdk/</a><br>
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<a href=
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"http://www.vexus.ca/products/CDK/">http://www.vexus.ca/products/CDK/</a></dd>
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<dt>ded</dt>
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<dd>directory-editor<br>
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<a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ded/">http://invisible-island.net/ded/</a></dd>
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<dt>dialog</dt>
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<dd>the underlying application used in Slackware's setup, and
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the basis for similar applications on GNU/Linux.<br>
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<a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/dialog/">http://invisible-island.net/dialog/</a></dd>
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<dt>lynx</dt>
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<dd>the character-screen WWW browser<br>
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<a href=
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"http://lynx.isc.org/release/">http://lynx.isc.org/release/</a></dd>
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<dt>Midnight Commander</dt>
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<dd>file manager<br>
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<a href=
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"http://www.midnight-commander.org/">http://www.midnight-commander.org/</a></dd>
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<dt>mutt</dt>
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<dd>mail utility<br>
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<a href="http://www.mutt.org/">http://www.mutt.org/</a></dd>
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<dt>ncftp</dt>
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<dd>file-transfer utility<br>
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<a href="http://www.ncftp.com/">http://www.ncftp.com/</a></dd>
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<dt>nvi</dt>
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<dd>New vi versions 1.50 are able to use ncurses versions 1.9.7
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and later.<br>
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<a href=
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"https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/nvi">https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/nvi</a><br>
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</dd>
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<dt>pinfo</dt>
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<dd>Lynx-like info browser. <a href=
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"https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/">https://alioth.debian.org/projects/pinfo/</a></dd>
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<dt>tin</dt>
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<dd>newsreader, supporting color, MIME <a href=
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"http://www.tin.org/">http://www.tin.org/</a></dd>
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</dl>as well as some that use ncurses for the terminfo support
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alone:
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<dl>
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<dt>minicom</dt>
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<dd>terminal emulator<br>
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<a href=
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"http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/">http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/</a></dd>
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<dt>vile</dt>
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<dd>vi-like-emacs<br>
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<a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/vile/">http://invisible-island.net/vile/</a></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The ncurses distribution includes a selection of test programs
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(including a few games).</p>
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<h2>Who's Who and What's What</h2>Zeyd Ben-Halim started it from
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a previous package pcurses, written by Pavel Curtis. Eric S.
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including</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/captoinfo.1m.html">captoinfo</a>,
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a termcap conversion tool</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/clear.1.html">clear</a>,
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utility for clearing the screen</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/infocmp.1m.html">infocmp</a>,
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the terminfo decompiler</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tabs.1.html">tabs</a>,
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set tabs on a terminal</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tic.1m.html">tic</a>,
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the terminfo compiler</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/toe.1m.html">toe</a>,
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list (table of) terminfo entries</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tput.1.html">tput</a>,
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utility for retrieving terminal capabilities in shell
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scripts</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tset.1.html">tset</a>,
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to initialize the terminal</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Full manual pages are provided for the library and tools.</p>
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<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> distribution is
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available via anonymous FTP at the GNU distribution site</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href=
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"ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/</a> .</p>
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</blockquote>It is also available at
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href=
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"ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</a> .</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2><a name="h2-release-notes" id="h2-release-notes">Release
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Notes</a></h2>
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<p>These notes are for <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>
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6.0, released <strong>August 8, 2015</strong>.</p>
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<p>This release is designed to be source-compatible with
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<em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> 5.0 through 5.9; providing a
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new application binary interface (ABI). Although the source can
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still be configured to support the <em class=
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"small-caps">ncurses</em> 5 ABI, the intent of the release is to
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provide extensions which are generally useful, but
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binary-incompatible with <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>
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5:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Extend the <code>cchar_t</code> structure to allow more
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than 16 colors to be encoded.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Modify the encoding of mouse state to make room for a 5th
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mouse button. That allows one to use <em class=
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"small-caps">ncurses</em> with a wheel mouse with xterm or
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similar X terminal emulators.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>There are, of course, numerous other improvements,
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including</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>fixes made based on the Clang and Coverity static
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analyzers.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>memory leak fixes using Valgrind</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The release notes mention some bug-fixes, but are focused on
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new features and improvements to existing features log since
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<em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> 5.9 release.</p>
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<p>While the intent of the release is to provide a new stable
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ABI, there are other development activities which are summarized
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below.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>The original release plan, e.g., for "5.10" was to improve
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the MinGW port. Ultimately that was completed (wide-character
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support, mouse, etc), but was deferred to focus on termcap
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support and performance issues. Also, pinpointing the
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problems with <code>Console2</code> took a while.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>A review of termcap compatibility in 2011 led to several
203
minor fixes in the library and improvements to utilities. To
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do this properly, a review of the various extent termcap
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implementations was needed.</p>
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<p>The <a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html">termcap
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library checker (tctest)</a> (not part of <em class=
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"small-caps">ncurses</em>) was one result. A followup review
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of performance using <a href=
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"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a>
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in 2014 led to additional improvements.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Output buffering provided a further, but worthwhile
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distraction. A bug report in 2012 regarding the use of signal
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handlers in <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>) pointed out
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<a href=
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"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses/2012-07/msg00029.html">
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a problem</a> with the use of unsafe functions for handling
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<code>SIGTSTP</code>. Other signals could be addressed with
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workarounds; repairing <code>SIGTSTP</code> required a
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different approach. The solution required changing internal
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behavior of the library: how it handles output buffering.</p>
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<p>Now <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> buffers its own
229
output, independently of the standard output. A few
230
applications relied upon the library's direct reuse of the
231
standard output buffering; however that is
232
<em>unspecified</em> behavior and has never been a
233
recommended practice. Identifying these applications as well
234
as refining the change to permit low-level applications to
235
work consistently took time.</p>
236
</li>
237
238
<li>
239
<p>Since the introduction of the experimental support for 256
240
colors early in <a href=
241
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t20050101">2005</a>
242
(released in <a href=
243
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/announce-5.5.html">ncurses
244
5.5</a>), there has been increased user interest. Almost all
245
packagers continue providing the ncurses ABI 5 which cannot
246
support 256 colors.</p>
247
</li>
248
249
<li>
250
<p>Symbol versioning, or the lack of it in ncurses, is the
251
main reason why packagers would be reluctant to add a new
252
ncurses ABI.</p>
253
254
<p>This release provides the new ABI along with
255
script-generated lists of versioned symbols which can be used
256
for both ABI 5 and 6 (with distinct names to keep the two
257
separate). This took time to development, as reported in
258
<a href=
259
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-mapsyms.html">Symbol
260
versioning in <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em></a>.</p>
261
</li>
262
</ul>
263
264
<h3><a name="h3-library" id="h3-library">Library
265
improvements</a></h3>
266
267
<h3><a name="h3-lib-setbuf" id="h3-lib-setbuf">Output
268
buffering</a></h3>
269
270
<p>X/Open curses provides more than one initialization
271
function:</p>
272
273
<ul>
274
<li><a href=
275
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_initscr.3x.html#h3-initscr">
276
initscr</a> (the simplest) accepts no parameters.</li>
277
278
<li><a href=
279
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_initscr.3x.html#h3-newterm">
280
newterm</a> accepts parameters for the stream input and
281
output</li>
282
283
<li><a href=
284
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_terminfo.3x.html#h3-Initialization">
285
setupterm</a> (the low-level function) accepts a parameter for
286
the <em>file descriptor</em> of the output.</li>
287
</ul>
288
289
<p>They are documented in X/Open <em>as if</em>
290
<code>initscr</code> calls <code>newterm</code> using
291
<code>stdout</code> for output stream, and in turn
292
<code>newterm</code> calls <code>setupterm</code> using
293
<code>fileno(stdout)</code> for the file descriptor. As long as
294
an implementation acts <em>as if</em> it does this, it conforms.
295
In practice, implementations do what is implied. This creates a
296
problem: the low-level <code>setupterm</code> function's file
297
descriptor is unbuffered, while <code>newterm</code> implies
298
buffered output. X/Open Curses says that all output is done
299
through the file descriptor, and does not say how the output
300
stream is actually used.</p>
301
302
<p>Initially, <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> used the file
303
descriptor (obtained from the output stream passed to
304
<code>newterm</code>) for changing the terminal modes, and relied
305
upon the output parameter of <code>newterm</code> for buffered
306
output. Later (to avoid using unsafe buffered I/O in signal
307
handlers), <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> was modified to
308
use the file descriptor (unbuffered output) when cleaning up on
309
receipt of a signal. Otherwise (when not handling a signal), it
310
continued to use the buffered output.</p>
311
312
<p>That approach worked reasonably well and as a side effect,
313
using the same buffered output as an application might use for
314
<code>printf</code> meant that no flushing was needed when
315
switching between normal- and screen-modes.</p>
316
317
<p>There were a couple of problems:</p>
318
319
<ul>
320
<li>
321
<p>to get good performance, curses (not only <em class=
322
"small-caps">ncurses</em>, but SVr4 curses in general) set an
323
output buffer using <code>setbuf</code> or similar function.
324
There is no standard (or portable) way to turn that output
325
buffer off, and revert to line-buffering. The <code><a href=
326
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/ncurses.3x.html#h3-NCURSES_NO_SETBUF">
327
NCURSES_NO_SETBUF</a></code> environment variable did make it
328
optional.</p>
329
</li>
330
331
<li>
332
<p>to handle <code>SIGTSTP</code> (the “stop”
333
signal), <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> relied upon
334
unsafe functions. That is, due to the complexity of the
335
feature, it relied upon reusing existing functions which
336
should not have been called via the signal handler.</p>
337
</li>
338
</ul>
339
340
<p>Conveniently, solving the second problem (by making <em class=
341
"small-caps">ncurses</em> do its <em>own</em> output buffering)
342
also fixed the first one. But there were special cases to
343
resolve: <a href=
344
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_terminfo.3x.html"><em>
345
low-level</em></a> functions such as mvcur, putp, vidattr
346
explicitly use the standard output. Those functions were reused
347
internally, and required modification to distinguish whether they
348
were used by the high-level or low-level interfaces.</p>
349
350
<p>Finally, there may still be a few programs which should be
351
modified to improve their portability, e.g., adding an</p>
352
353
<blockquote>
354
<pre class="code-block">
355
fflush(stdout);
356
</pre>
357
</blockquote>
358
359
<p>when switching from “<a href=
360
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_kernel.3x.html#h3-reset_prog_mode_-reset_shell_mode">shell</a>”
361
mode to “<a href=
362
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_kernel.3x.html#h3-reset_prog_mode_-reset_shell_mode">program</a>”
363
(curses) mode. Those are fairly rare because most programmers
364
have learned not to mix <code>printf</code> and <code><a href=
365
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_printw.3x.html">printw</a></code>.</p>
366
367
<h3><a name="h3-lib-versioning" id="h3-lib-versioning">Symbol
368
versioning</a></h3>
369
370
<p>This release introduces symbol-versioning to <em class=
371
"small-caps">ncurses</em> because without it, the change of ABI
372
would be less successful. A lengthy discussion will be presented
373
in <a href=
374
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-mapsyms.html">Symbol
375
versioning in <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em></a>. These
376
notes summarize what has changed, and what can be done with the
377
new release.</p>
378
379
<p>Symbol-versioning allows the developers of a library to mark
380
each public symbol (both data and functions) with an identifier
381
denoting the library name and the version for which it was built.
382
By doing this, users of the library have a way to help ensure
383
that applications do not accidentally load an incompatible
384
library. In addition, private symbols can be hidden entirely.</p>
385
386
<p>This release provides sample files for the four principal
387
configurations of <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> libraries:
388
<code>ncurses</code>, <code>ncursesw</code>,
389
<code>ncursest</code> and <code>ncursestw</code>. Each sample is
390
given in two forms:</p>
391
392
<blockquote>
393
<dl>
394
<dt>“<code>.map</code>”</dt>
395
396
<dd>These list all public symbols, together with version
397
names.</dd>
398
399
<dt>“<code>.sym</code>”</dt>
400
401
<dd>These list all public symbols, without version
402
names.</dd>
403
</dl>
404
</blockquote>
405
406
<p>The sample files are <em>generated</em> by scripts which take
407
into account a few special cases such as <a href=
408
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tack.html">tack</a> to omit
409
many of the <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> private symbols
410
(beginning with “<code>_nc_</code>”). Here are
411
counts of globals versus locals:</p>
412
413
<blockquote>
414
<table border="1" summary="Total global and local symbols">
415
<tr>
416
<th>Config</th>
417
418
<th>Symbols</th>
419
420
<th>Globals</th>
421
422
<th>Locals</th>
423
424
<th>"_nc_"</th>
425
</tr>
426
427
<tr>
428
<td>ncurses</td>
429
430
<td align="right">976</td>
431
432
<td align="right">796</td>
433
434
<td align="right">180</td>
435
436
<td align="right">332</td>
437
</tr>
438
439
<tr>
440
<td>ncursesw</td>
441
442
<td align="right">1089</td>
443
444
<td align="right">905</td>
445
446
<td align="right">184</td>
447
448
<td align="right">343</td>
449
</tr>
450
451
<tr>
452
<td>ncursest</td>
453
454
<td align="right">979</td>
455
456
<td align="right">804</td>
457
458
<td align="right">175</td>
459
460
<td align="right">358</td>
461
</tr>
462
463
<tr>
464
<td>ncursestw</td>
465
466
<td align="right">1098</td>
467
468
<td align="right">914</td>
469
470
<td align="right">184</td>
471
472
<td align="right">372</td>
473
</tr>
474
</table>
475
</blockquote>
476
477
<p>Although only four sample configurations are presented, each
478
is formed by merging symbols from several combinations of
479
configure-script options, taking into account advice from
480
downstream packagers. Because they are formed by merging, the
481
sample files may list a symbol which is not in a given package.
482
That is expected. The samples have been tested and are working
483
with systems (such as Fedora, FreeBSD and Debian) which fully
484
support this feature. There are other systems which do
485
<em>not</em> support the feature, and a few (such as Solaris)
486
which provide incomplete support.</p>
487
488
<p>The version-naming convention used allows these sample files
489
to build distinct libraries for ABI 5 and 6. Version names
490
consist of</p>
491
492
<ul>
493
<li>
494
<p>configuration name, e.g.,
495
“<code>NCURSESW</code>” for the wide-character
496
libraries</p>
497
</li>
498
499
<li>
500
<p>ABI version (if not 5)</p>
501
</li>
502
503
<li>
504
<p>library name for two special cases which have the same
505
interface across configurations:
506
“<code>TINFO</code>” and
507
“<code>TIC</code>”</p>
508
</li>
509
510
<li>
511
<p>release version</p>
512
</li>
513
514
<li>
515
<p>patch date (for the release version)</p>
516
</li>
517
</ul>
518
519
<p>For example, running <code>nm -D</code> on the libraries in
520
the ncurses6 test package shows these symbol-versions:</p>
521
522
<blockquote>
523
<pre class="code-block">
524
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TIC_5.0.19991023
525
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TIC_5.1.20000708
526
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TIC_5.5.20051010
527
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TIC_5.7.20081102
528
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TIC_5.9.20150530
529
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.0.19991023
530
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.1.20000708
531
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.2.20001021
532
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.3.20021019
533
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.4.20040208
534
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.5.20051010
535
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.6.20061217
536
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.7.20081102
537
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.8.20110226
538
0000000000000000 A NCURSES6_TINFO_5.9.20150530
539
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.1.20000708
540
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.3.20021019
541
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.4.20040208
542
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.5.20051010
543
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.6.20061217
544
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.7.20081102
545
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.8.20110226
546
0000000000000000 A NCURSESW6_5.9.20150530
547
</pre>
548
</blockquote>
549
550
<p>As a special case, this release (which makes the final change
551
for ABI 5) is marked with release version 5.9 and patch date
552
20150530.</p>
553
554
<h3><a name="h3-lib-other" id=
555
"h3-lib-other">Miscellaneous</a></h3>
556
557
<p>The new release has several improvements for performance and
558
building. For instance:</p>
559
560
<ul>
561
<li>
562
<p>several files in ncurses- and progs-directories were
563
modified to allow <code>const</code> data used in internal
564
tables to be put by the linker into the readonly text
565
segment.</p>
566
</li>
567
568
<li>
569
<p>various improvements were made to building the Ada95
570
binding, both in simplifying the generated files as well as
571
improving the way it uses <code>gnatmake</code></p>
572
</li>
573
</ul>
574
575
<p>There are also new features in the libraries:</p>
576
577
<ul>
578
<li>added <a href=
579
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_util.3x.html#h3-use_tioctl">
580
use_tioctl</a> function</li>
581
582
<li>
583
<p>added <a href=
584
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_opaque.3x.html">
585
wgetdelay</a> to retrieve _delay member of WINDOW if it
586
happens to be opaque, e.g., in the pthread configuration.</p>
587
</li>
588
589
<li>
590
<p>added <a href=
591
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_attr.3x.html#h2-PORTABILITY">
592
A_ITALIC</a> extension.</p>
593
</li>
594
595
<li>
596
<p>added form library extension <a href=
597
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/form_field_opts.3x.html">
598
O_DYNAMIC_JUSTIFY</a> option which can be used to override
599
the different treatment of justification for static versus
600
dynamic fields .</p>
601
</li>
602
603
<li>
604
<p>rewrote <a href=
605
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_util.3x.html#h3-putwin_getwin">
606
putwin</a> and <a href=
607
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_util.3x.html#h3-putwin_getwin">
608
getwin</a>, making an extended version which is capable of
609
reading screen-dumps between the wide/normal <em class=
610
"small-caps">ncurses</em> configurations. These are text
611
files, except for a <em>magic</em> code at the beginning:</p>
612
613
<blockquote>
614
<pre class="code-block">
615
0 string \210\210 Screen-dump (ncurses)
616
</pre>
617
</blockquote>
618
</li>
619
620
<li>
621
<p>several changes to mouse support include:</p>
622
623
<ul>
624
<li>added decoder for xterm SGR 1006 mouse mode.</li>
625
626
<li>added experimental support for
627
“<code>%u</code>” format to terminfo.</li>
628
629
<li>improved behavior of wheel-mice for xterm protocol:
630
noting that there are only button-presses for buttons
631
“4” and “5”, so there is no need to
632
wait to combine events into double-clicks .</li>
633
</ul>
634
</li>
635
</ul>
636
637
<p>There are a few new configure options dealing with library
638
customization:</p>
639
640
<ul>
641
<li>
642
<p>add “<code>--enable-ext-putwin</code>”
643
configure option to turn on the extended putwin/getwin. By
644
default, this is enabled for ABI 6 and disabled with ABI
645
5.</p>
646
</li>
647
648
<li>
649
<p>add “<code>--enable-string-hacks</code>”
650
option to control whether strlcat and strlcpy may be used.
651
Because <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> already does the
652
requisite buffer-limit checks, this feature is mainly of
653
interest to quiet compiler-warnings on a few systems.</p>
654
</li>
655
656
<li>
657
<p>add configure option
658
“<code>--with-tparm-arg</code>” to allow <a href=
659
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_terminfo.3x.html#h3-Formatting-Output">
660
tparm</a>'s parameters to be something more likely to be the
661
same size as a pointer, e.g., <code>intptr_t</code> (again,
662
the default is set for ABI 6).</p>
663
</li>
664
</ul>
665
666
<h3><a name="h3-programs" id="h3-programs">Program
667
improvements</a></h3>
668
669
<h4><a name="h4-utilities" id="h4-utilities">Utilities</a></h4>
670
671
<p>Most of the termcap-related changes based on development of
672
<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html">tctest
673
(termcap library checker)</a> are implemented in the tic and
674
infocmp programs rather than affecting the library. As noted in
675
the <a href=
676
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html#my-better-translation">
677
discussion</a> of <code>tctest</code>, <em class=
678
"small-caps">ncurses</em>'s ability to translate between terminfo
679
and termcap formats has been improved at different times, but
680
subject to feedback from "real" termcap users. There are very few
681
of those. Nowadays, virtually all <em>termcap</em> users are
682
using <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> (or NetBSD, with its
683
own terminfo library) and their programs are actually using
684
terminfo rather than termcap data.</p>
685
686
<p>Still, there are a few. A comment about the translation of the
687
ASCII <code>NUL</code> character prompted a review:</p>
688
689
<ul>
690
<li>
691
<p>Both terminfo and termcap store string capabilities as
692
<code>NUL</code>-terminated strings.</p>
693
</li>
694
695
<li>
696
<p>In terminfo, a <code>\0</code> in a terminal description
697
is stored as <code>\200</code>.</p>
698
</li>
699
700
<li>
701
<p>There are no (known) terminals which would behave
702
differently when sent <code>\0</code> or
703
<code>\200</code>.</p>
704
</li>
705
706
<li>
707
<p>When translating to terminfo format (or displaying a
708
printable version of an entry using infocmp), <em class=
709
"small-caps">ncurses</em> shows <code>\200</code> as
710
<code>\0</code>.</p>
711
</li>
712
713
<li>
714
<p>It has done this since 1998 (quoting from the NEWS
715
file):</p>
716
717
<blockquote>
718
<pre class="code-block">
719
<a href=
720
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t980103">980103</a>
721
...
722
+ modify _nc_tic_expand() to generate \0 rather than \200.
723
...
724
+ correct translation of terminfo "^@", to \200, like \0.
725
</pre>
726
</blockquote>
727
</li>
728
729
<li>
730
<p>However, the <code>_nc_tic_expand</code> function (which
731
optionally produces terminfo or termcap format) did not
732
address this special case for termcap. Even the later 4.4BSD
733
<a href=
734
"https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/lib/libc/gen/getcap.c?revision=244092&view=markup#l784">
735
cgetstr</a> interprets a <code>\0</code> literally, ending
736
<em>that</em> string (rather than using the terminfo
737
improvement).</p>
738
</li>
739
</ul>
740
741
<p>As a result of the review, several improvements were made to
742
<em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> translation to/from termcap
743
format — and improving the checks made in tic for
744
consistency of entries. Most of these are not of general
745
interest, except for two new command-line options for tic and
746
infocmp:</p>
747
748
<ul>
749
<li>
750
<p>the “<code>-0</code>” option generates
751
termcap/terminfo source on a single line.</p>
752
</li>
753
754
<li>
755
<p>the “<code>-K</code>” option provides stricter
756
BSD-compatibility for termcap output.</p>
757
</li>
758
</ul>
759
760
<p>Other user-visible improvements and new features include:</p>
761
762
<ul>
763
<li>
764
<p>added “<code>-D</code>” option to tic and
765
infocmp, to show the database locations that it could
766
use.</p>
767
</li>
768
769
<li>
770
<p>added “<code>-s</code>” option to toe, to sort
771
its output.</p>
772
</li>
773
774
<li>
775
<p>extended “<code>-c</code>” and
776
“<code>-n</code>” options of infocmp to allow
777
comparing more than two entries.</p>
778
</li>
779
780
<li>
781
<p>modified toe's report when “<code>-a</code>”
782
and “<code>-s</code>” options are combined, to
783
add a column showing which entries belong to a given
784
database.</p>
785
</li>
786
787
<li>
788
<p>modified the clear program to take into account the
789
“<code>E3</code>” extended capability to clear
790
the terminal's scrollback buffer.</p>
791
</li>
792
</ul>
793
794
<h4><a name="h4-examples" id="h4-examples">Examples</a></h4>
795
796
<p>Along with the library and utilities, many improvements were
797
made to the <a href=
798
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a>.
799
Some were made to allow building (and comparison-testing) against
800
NetBSD curses and PDCurses. Both lack some of the X/Open Curses
801
features, necessitating customization. But this activity was
802
useful because it showed some remaining performance issues (which
803
have been resolved in this release).</p>
804
805
<p>These changes were made to verify compatibility or compare
806
performance of <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>:</p>
807
808
<ul>
809
<li>
810
<p>made workarounds for compiling test-programs with NetBSD
811
curses, though it lacks some common functions such as
812
<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_util.3x.html#h3-use_env">
813
use_env</a>.</p>
814
</li>
815
816
<li>
817
<p>added dots_termcap test-program</p>
818
</li>
819
820
<li>
821
<p>added dots_curses test-program, for comparison with the
822
low-level examples.</p>
823
</li>
824
825
<li>
826
<p>added test_setupterm test-proram to demonstrate
827
normal/error returns from the setupterm and restartterm
828
functions.</p>
829
</li>
830
831
<li>
832
<p>added “<code>-d</code>”,
833
“<code>-e</code>” and
834
“<code>-q</code>” options to the demo_terminfo
835
and demo_termcap test-programs.</p>
836
</li>
837
838
<li>
839
<p>added “<code>-y</code>” option to demo_termcap
840
and test/demo_terminfo test-programs to demonstrate behavior
841
with/without extended capabilities.</p>
842
</li>
843
844
<li>
845
<p>modified demo_termcap and demo_terminfo test-programs to
846
make their options more directly comparable, and add
847
“<code>-i</code>” option to specify a terminal
848
description filename to parse for names to lookup.</p>
849
</li>
850
851
<li>
852
<p>rewrote the tests for <a href=
853
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_window.3x.html#h3-derwin">
854
mvderwin</a> and test for recursive <a href=
855
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_window.3x.html#h3-mvwin">
856
mvwin</a> in the movewindow test-program.</p>
857
</li>
858
</ul>
859
860
<p>These changes were made to help with the MinGW port:</p>
861
862
<ul>
863
<li>
864
<p>added test-screens to the ncurses test-program to show
865
256-characters at a time, to help with MinGW port.</p>
866
</li>
867
868
<li>
869
<p>modified the view test-program to load UTF-8 when built
870
with MinGW by using regular win32 API because the MinGW
871
functions mblen and mbtowc do not work.</p>
872
</li>
873
874
<li>
875
<p>added “<code>-s</code>” option to the view
876
test-program to allow it to start in single-step mode,
877
reducing size of trace files when it is used for debugging
878
MinGW changes.</p>
879
</li>
880
</ul>
881
882
<p>These changes were made to verify new extensions in <em class=
883
"small-caps">ncurses</em>:</p>
884
885
<ul>
886
<li>
887
<p>added <a href=
888
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/form_driver.3x.html#h3-form_driver_w">
889
form_driver_w</a> entrypoint to wide-character forms library,
890
as well as form_driver_w test-program.</p>
891
</li>
892
893
<li>
894
<p>modified ncurses test-program's b/B tests to display lines
895
only for the attributes which a given terminal supports, to
896
make room for an italics test.</p>
897
</li>
898
899
<li>
900
<p>modified ncurses test-program, adding
901
“<code>-E</code>” and
902
“<code>-T</code>” options to demonstrate use_env
903
versus use_tioctl.</p>
904
</li>
905
906
<li>
907
<p>modified ncurses test-program's c/C tests to cycle through
908
subsets of the total number of colors, to better illustrate
909
8/16/88/256-colors by providing directly comparable
910
screens.</p>
911
</li>
912
913
<li>
914
<p>modified the ncurses test-program to also show position
915
reports in 'a' test.</p>
916
</li>
917
</ul>
918
919
<p>These changes were made to make the examples more useful:</p>
920
921
<ul>
922
<li>
923
<p>added scripts for building dpkg and rpm test-packages</p>
924
</li>
925
926
<li>
927
<p>modified the hanoi test-program to show the minimum number
928
of moves possible for the given number of tiles.</p>
929
</li>
930
931
<li>
932
<p>modified the knight test-program to show the number of
933
choices possible for each position in automove option, e.g.,
934
to allow user to follow Warnsdorff's rule to solve the
935
puzzle.</p>
936
</li>
937
</ul>
938
939
<h3><a name="h3-database" id="h3-database">Terminal
940
database</a></h3>
941
942
<p>This release provides improvements to tic's
943
“<code>-c</code>” checking option, which was used for
944
example to</p>
945
946
<ul>
947
<li>
948
<p>make <code>sgr</code> in several entries agree with other
949
caps.</p>
950
</li>
951
952
<li>
953
<p>correct padding in some entries where earlier versions had
954
miscounted the number of octal digits.</p>
955
</li>
956
</ul>
957
958
<p>There are several new terminal descriptions:</p>
959
960
<ul>
961
<li><a href=
962
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#toc-_M_L_T_E_R_M">
963
mlterm</a> is now aliased to mlterm3</li>
964
965
<li><a href=
966
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-nsterm">
967
nsterm</a> is now derived from nsterm-256color</li>
968
969
<li><a href=
970
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-putty-sco">
971
putty-sco</a></li>
972
973
<li><a href=
974
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-teken">
975
teken</a> is FreeBSD's "xterm" console.</li>
976
977
<li><a href=
978
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#toc-_T_E_R_M_I_N_A_T_O_R">
979
terminator</a></li>
980
981
<li><a href=
982
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#toc-_T_E_R_M_I_N_O_L_O_G_Y">
983
terminology</a></li>
984
985
<li><a href=
986
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-tmux">
987
tmux</a> is derived from screen.</li>
988
989
<li>several screen.XXX entries support the respective
990
variations for 256 colors.</li>
991
992
<li><a href=
993
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#toc-_S_I_M_P_L_E_T_E_R_M">
994
simpleterm</a> is now 0.5</li>
995
996
<li><a href=
997
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-vte">
998
vte</a> is aliased to vte-2012</li>
999
1000
<li><a href=
1001
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-vt520ansi">
1002
vt520ansi</a></li>
1003
</ul>
1004
1005
<p>A few entries use extensions (user-defined terminal
1006
capabilities):</p>
1007
1008
<ul>
1009
<li>
1010
<p><code>E3</code>, used in linux, putty and xterm-basic is
1011
tested in the <a href=
1012
"http://aerie.jexium-island.net/ncurses/man/clear.1.html">clear</a>
1013
program to erase a terminal's scrollback.</p>
1014
</li>
1015
1016
<li>
1017
<p><code>TS</code> is used in the <a href=
1018
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm_sl">
1019
xterm+sl</a> building block to help deprecate the misuse of
1020
<code>tsl</code> for xterm's title-string.</p>
1021
</li>
1022
1023
<li>
1024
<p><code>XT</code> is used in some terminfo entries to
1025
improve usefulness for other applications than screen, which
1026
would like to pretend that xterm's title is a
1027
status-line.</p>
1028
</li>
1029
1030
<li>
1031
<p><code>xm</code> is used in examples <a href=
1032
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm-1005">
1033
xterm-1005</a> and <a href=
1034
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html#tic-xterm-1006">
1035
xterm-1006</a> to illustrate a way to make mouse handling
1036
more general</p>
1037
</li>
1038
</ul>
1039
1040
<p>A few terminals support italics and/or dim capabilities. In
1041
particular, screen does not. Documented that, and accommodated
1042
the terminals where this feature works with the
1043
<code>A_ITALIC</code> extension.</p>
1044
1045
<ul>
1046
<li>konsole, mlterm3 (italics)</li>
1047
1048
<li>nsterm (dim)</li>
1049
1050
<li>screen (dim)</li>
1051
1052
<li>vte (dim, italics)</li>
1053
1054
<li>xterm (dim, italics)</li>
1055
</ul>
1056
1057
<h3><a name="h3-documentation" id=
1058
"h3-documentation">Documentation</a></h3>
1059
1060
<p>As usual, this release</p>
1061
1062
<ul>
1063
<li>
1064
<p>improves documentation by describing new features,</p>
1065
</li>
1066
1067
<li>
1068
<p>attempts to improve the description of features which
1069
users have found confusing</p>
1070
</li>
1071
1072
<li>
1073
<p>fills in overlooked descriptions of features which were
1074
described in the <a href=
1075
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html">NEWS</a> file
1076
but treated sketchily in manual pages.</p>
1077
</li>
1078
</ul>
1079
1080
<p>In addition, the mechanism for producing HTML versions of the
1081
documentation has been improved:</p>
1082
1083
<ul>
1084
<li>
1085
<p>use an improved version of <a href=
1086
"http://invisible-island.net/scripts/man2html.html">man2html</a>
1087
to generate html manpages.</p>
1088
</li>
1089
1090
<li>
1091
<p>regenerated <a href=
1092
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.html">
1093
NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.html</a> to fix some of the broken
1094
html emitted by docbook.</p>
1095
</li>
1096
</ul>
1097
1098
<h3><a name="h3-bug-fixes" id="h3-bug-fixes">Interesting
1099
bug-fixes</a></h3>
1100
1101
<ul>
1102
<li>
1103
<p>Ada95 binding:</p>
1104
1105
<ul>
1106
<li>
1107
<p>modify makefile rules to ensure that the PIC option is
1108
not used when building a static library</p>
1109
</li>
1110
1111
<li>
1112
<p>make Ada95 build-fix for big-endian architectures such
1113
as sparc. This undoes one of the fixes from <a href=
1114
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t20110319">
1115
20110319</a>, which added an
1116
“<code>Unused</code>” member to
1117
representation clauses, replacing that with pragmas to
1118
suppress warnings about unused bits.</p>
1119
</li>
1120
</ul>
1121
</li>
1122
1123
<li>
1124
<p>Color and attributes:</p>
1125
1126
<ul>
1127
<li>
1128
<p>parenthesize parameter of <code>COLOR_PAIR</code> and
1129
<code>PAIR_NUMBER</code> in curses.h in case it happens
1130
to be a comma-expression.</p>
1131
</li>
1132
1133
<li>
1134
<p>improve <a href=
1135
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t20021221">
1136
20021221</a> workaround for broken acs, handling a case
1137
where that ACS_<em>xxx</em> character is not in the
1138
<code>acsc</code> string but there is a known
1139
wide-character which can be used.</p>
1140
</li>
1141
1142
<li>
1143
<p>modify <a href=
1144
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_color.3x.html#h3-Routine-Descriptions">
1145
init_pair</a> to accept -1's for color value after
1146
<a href=
1147
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/default_colors.3x.html">
1148
assume_default_colors</a> has been called.</p>
1149
</li>
1150
1151
<li>
1152
<p>add a check in <a href=
1153
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_color.3x.html#h3-Routine-Descriptions">
1154
start_color</a> to limit color-pairs to 256 when extended
1155
colors are not supported.</p>
1156
</li>
1157
</ul>
1158
</li>
1159
1160
<li>
1161
<p>Resizing the screen:</p>
1162
1163
<ul>
1164
<li>
1165
<p>propagate error-returns from wresize, i.e., the
1166
internal increase_size and decrease_size functions
1167
through <a href=
1168
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/resizeterm.3x.html">
1169
resize_term</a>.</p>
1170
</li>
1171
1172
<li>
1173
<p>add check for zero/negative dimensions for
1174
<code>resizeterm</code> and <code>resize_term</code>.</p>
1175
</li>
1176
1177
<li>
1178
<p>modify <code>resizeterm</code> to always push a
1179
<code>KEY_RESIZE</code> onto the fifo, even if screensize
1180
is unchanged. Modify library to push a
1181
<code>KEY_RESIZE</code> if there was a SIGWINCH, even if
1182
it does not call <code>resizeterm</code>). These changes
1183
eliminate the case where a SIGWINCH is received, but ERR
1184
is returned from <code>wgetch</code> or
1185
<code>wgetnstr</code> because the screen dimensions did
1186
not change.</p>
1187
</li>
1188
</ul>
1189
</li>
1190
1191
<li>
1192
<p>Low-level interfaces</p>
1193
1194
<ul>
1195
<li>
1196
<p>fix an old bug in the termcap emulation;
1197
“<code>%i</code>” was ignored in
1198
<code>tparm</code> because the parameters to be
1199
incremented were already on the internal stack.</p>
1200
</li>
1201
1202
<li>
1203
<p>change “<code>%l</code>” behavior in tparm
1204
to push the string length onto the stack rather than
1205
saving the formatted length into the output buffer.</p>
1206
</li>
1207
1208
<li>
1209
<p>modify name-comparison for tgetstr, etc., to
1210
accommodate legacy applications as well as to improve
1211
compatbility with BSD 4.2 termcap implementations (see
1212
note for <a href=
1213
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t980725">980725</a>).</p>
1214
</li>
1215
</ul>
1216
</li>
1217
1218
<li>High-level interfaces
1219
1220
<ul>
1221
<li>
1222
<p>modify internal recursion in <code>wgetch</code> which
1223
handles cooked mode to check if the call to
1224
<code>wgetnstr</code> returned an error. This can happen
1225
when both <code>nocbreak</code> and <code>nodelay</code>
1226
are set, for instance (see note for <a href=
1227
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t960418">960418</a>).</p>
1228
</li>
1229
1230
<li>
1231
<p>add a check in internal function
1232
<code>waddch_nosync</code> to ensure that tab characters
1233
are treated as control characters; some broken locales
1234
claim they are printable.</p>
1235
</li>
1236
1237
<li>
1238
<p>modify menu library to ensure that a menu's top-row is
1239
adjusted as needed to ensure that the current item is on
1240
the screen</p>
1241
</li>
1242
1243
<li>
1244
<p>fix special case where double-width character
1245
overwrites a single- width character in the first
1246
column.</p>
1247
</li>
1248
</ul>
1249
</li>
1250
</ul>
1251
1252
<h3><a name="h3-config-config" id=
1253
"h3-config-config">Configuration changes</a></h3>
1254
1255
<h4><a name="h4-config-major" id="h4-config-major">Major
1256
changes</a></h4>
1257
1258
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> 6.0 configure script
1259
makes changes to the <em>default</em> value of several configure
1260
options, depending on the <code>--with-abi-version</code> option
1261
(i.e., whether its value is “5” or
1262
“6”):</p>
1263
1264
<dl>
1265
<dt><code>--enable-const</code></dt>
1266
1267
<dd>
1268
<p>Feature introduced in <a href=
1269
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t970405">970405</a>
1270
supports the use of <code>const</code> where X/Open Curses
1271
should have, but did not. NetBSD curses does something
1272
similar with <code>const</code>.</p>
1273
</dd>
1274
1275
<dt><code>--enable-ext-colors</code></dt>
1276
1277
<dd>
1278
<p>Extends the <code>cchar_t</code> structure to allow more
1279
than 16 colors to be encoded. This applies only to the
1280
wide-character (<code>--enable-widec</code>)
1281
configuration.</p>
1282
</dd>
1283
1284
<dt><code>--enable-ext-mouse</code></dt>
1285
1286
<dd>
1287
<p>Modifies the encoding of mouse state to make room for a
1288
5th mouse button. That allows one to use ncurses with a wheel
1289
mouse with xterm or similar X terminal emulators.</p>
1290
</dd>
1291
1292
<dt><code>--enable-ext-putwin</code></dt>
1293
1294
<dd>
1295
<p>Modifies the file-format written by <code>putwin</code> to
1296
use printable text rather than binary files, allowing
1297
<code>getwin</code> to read screen dumps written by
1298
differently-configured ncurses libraries. The extended
1299
<code>getwin</code> can still read binary screen dumps from
1300
the <em>same</em> configuration of ncurses. This does not
1301
change the ABI (the binary interface seen by calling
1302
applications).</p>
1303
</dd>
1304
1305
<dt><code>--enable-interop</code></dt>
1306
1307
<dd>
1308
<p>Modifies the <code>FIELDTYPE</code> structure used for the
1309
form library to make it more generic.</p>
1310
</dd>
1311
1312
<dt><code>--enable-lp64</code></dt>
1313
1314
<dd>
1315
<p>Allows an application to define <code>_LP64</code> to
1316
declare <code>chtype</code> and <code>mmask_t</code> as
1317
simply “<code>unsigned</code>” rather than the
1318
configured types using the <code>--with-chtype</code> and
1319
<code>--with-mmask_t</code> options.</p>
1320
</dd>
1321
1322
<dt><code>--enable-sp-funcs</code></dt>
1323
1324
<dd>
1325
<p>Compile-in support for extended functions which accept a
1326
SCREEN pointer, reducing the need for juggling the global SP
1327
value with <a href=
1328
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_initscr.3x.html#h3-set_term">
1329
set_term</a> and <a href=
1330
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_initscr.3x.html#h3-delscreen">
1331
delscreen</a>.</p>
1332
</dd>
1333
1334
<dt><code>--with-chtype=uint32_t</code></dt>
1335
1336
<dd>
1337
<p>Makes <code>chtype</code> explicitly a 32-bit unsigned
1338
value.</p>
1339
</dd>
1340
1341
<dt><code>--with-mmask_t=uint32_t</code></dt>
1342
1343
<dd>
1344
<p>Makes <code>mmask_t</code> explicitly a 32-bit unsigned
1345
value.</p>
1346
</dd>
1347
1348
<dt><code>--with-tparm-arg=intptr_t</code></dt>
1349
1350
<dd>
1351
<p>X/Open Curses declares <a href=
1352
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_terminfo.3x.html#h3-Formatting-Output">
1353
tparm</a> using <code>long</code> for each of the parameters
1354
aside from the formatting string, presuming that
1355
<code>long</code> and <code>char*</code> are the same size.
1356
This configure option uses <code>intptr_t</code> which
1357
provides a better guarantee of the sizes.</p>
1358
</dd>
1359
</dl>
1360
1361
<p>The configure script no longer checks for antique compilers;
1362
<code>c89</code> is assumed as a minimum. There are a few
1363
features from later revisions which are used when available. The
1364
configure script makes checks to turn on useful warnings from
1365
clang, gcc and icc. You should be able to build <em class=
1366
"small-caps">ncurses</em> 6.0 with any of the current (or not so
1367
current) C compilers available in 2015.</p>
1368
1369
<p>The configure script, by the way, makes changes which do not
1370
work with systems whose <code>/bin/sh</code> is non-POSIX. This
1371
mainly affects Solaris (the other vendor <em class=
1372
"small-caps">unix</em> systems have followed the POSIX guidelines
1373
for the past twenty years). If you must build on Solaris, its
1374
<a href=
1375
"http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/html/817-0552/fhkpy.html">xpg4</a>
1376
binaries suffice, e.g.,</p>
1377
1378
<blockquote class="code-block">
1379
<!--{{atr2html-->
1380
1381
<p style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 10pt;">
1382
<font color="#800000">#!/bin/sh</font><br>
1383
<font color="#008080">WHAT</font>=<strong><em><font color=
1384
"#800000">`</font></em></strong>hostname|sed -e <font color="#800080">'s/\..*//'</font><strong><em><font color="#800000">`</font></em></strong><br>
1385
1386
<font color="#008080">OUT</font>=configure.out<br>
1387
<strong><font color=
1388
"#000080">cat</font></strong> >><font color=
1389
"#008080">$OUT</font> <font color=
1390
"#800080"><<EOF/</font><font color="#800080"><br>
1391
** </font><strong><em><font color=
1392
"#800000">`</font></em></strong>date<strong><em><font color=
1393
"#800000">`</font></em></strong><font color="#800080"><br>
1394
** node: </font><font color=
1395
"#008080">$WHAT</font><font color="#800080"><br>
1396
** user: </font><strong><em><font color=
1397
"#800000">`</font></em></strong>id<strong><em><font color=
1398
"#800000">`</font></em></strong><font color="#800080"><br>
1399
** conf: $*<br>
1400
EOF/</font><br>
1401
<br>
1402
<font color="#008080">SHELL</font>=/bin/sh<br>
1403
<strong><font color=
1404
"#000080">if</font></strong> <strong><font color=
1405
"#000080">test</font></strong> -f /usr/xpg4/bin/sh<br>
1406
1407
<strong><font color="#000080">then</font></strong><br>
1408
<font color=
1409
"#008080">CONFIG_SHELL</font>=/usr/xpg4/bin/sh<br>
1410
<strong><font color="#000080">export</font></strong> CONFIG_SHELL<br>
1411
1412
<font color=
1413
"#008080">SHELL</font>=<font color=
1414
"#008080">$CONFIG_SHELL</font><br>
1415
<strong><font color="#000080">fi</font></strong><br>
1416
<br>
1417
rm -f config.status config.cache<br>
1418
<font color="#008080">TOP</font>=<font color=
1419
"#008080">$HOME</font>/<font color="#008080">$WHAT</font><br>
1420
<font color=
1421
"#008080">$SHELL</font> ./configure --verbose \<br>
1422
1423
--disable-echo \<br>
1424
1425
--disable-overwrite \<br>
1426
1427
--enable-warnings \<br>
1428
1429
--with-warnings \<br>
1430
1431
--prefix=<font color="#008080">$TOP</font> <font color="#008080">$*</font> <strong><font color="#008080">2</font></strong>>&<strong><font color="#008080">1</font></strong> | tee -a <font color="#008080">$OUT</font><br>
1432
1433
<!--atr2html}}--></p>
1434
</blockquote>
1435
1436
<p>Other major changes to the configure script include:</p>
1437
1438
<ul>
1439
<li>
1440
<p>ABI 6 is now the default, intending that the existing ABI
1441
5 should build as before using the
1442
“<code>--with-abi-version=5</code>” option.</p>
1443
</li>
1444
1445
<li>
1446
<p>added <code>--with-extra-suffix</code> option to help with
1447
installing nonconflicting ncurses6 packages, e.g., avoiding
1448
header- and library-conflicts.</p>
1449
1450
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> as a side-effect, this renames</p>
1451
1452
<blockquote>
1453
<p><code>adacurses-config</code> to
1454
<code>adacurses5-config</code> and<br>
1455
<code>adacursesw-config</code> to
1456
<code>adacursesw5-config</code></p>
1457
</blockquote>
1458
</li>
1459
1460
<li>
1461
<p>the configure script looks for gnatgcc if the Ada95
1462
binding is built, in preference to the default gcc/cc. The
1463
script also ensures that the Ada95 binding is built with the
1464
level of optimization as the C libraries.</p>
1465
</li>
1466
1467
<li>
1468
<p>the configure script captures define's related to
1469
-D_XOPEN_SOURCE from the configure check and adds those to
1470
the *-config and *.pc files, to simplify use for the
1471
wide-character libraries.</p>
1472
</li>
1473
</ul>
1474
1475
<h4><a name="h4-config-options" id=
1476
"h4-config-options">Configuration options</a></h4>
1477
1478
<p>There are several new (or extended) configure options:</p>
1479
1480
<dl>
1481
<dt><code>--disable-db-install</code></dt>
1482
1483
<dd>
1484
<p>Do not install the terminal database. This is used to omit
1485
features for packages, as done with
1486
<code>--without-progs</code>. The option simplifies building
1487
cross-compile support packages.</p>
1488
</dd>
1489
1490
<dt><code>--disable-gnat-projects</code></dt>
1491
1492
<dd>
1493
<p>This option is used for regression testing</p>
1494
</dd>
1495
1496
<dt><code>--disable-lib-suffixes</code></dt>
1497
1498
<dd>
1499
<p>Suppress the “w”, “t” or
1500
“tw” suffixes which normally would be added to
1501
the library names for the <code>--enable-widec</code> and
1502
<code>--with-pthread</code> options.</p>
1503
</dd>
1504
1505
<dt><code>--with-cxx-shared</code></dt>
1506
1507
<dd>
1508
<p>When <code>--with-shared</code> is set, build libncurses++
1509
as a shared library. This implicitly relies upon building
1510
with gcc/g++, since other compiler suites may have
1511
differences in the way shared libraries are built. libtool by
1512
the way has similar limitations.</p>
1513
</dd>
1514
1515
<dt><code>--with-hashed-db</code></dt>
1516
1517
<dd>
1518
<p>Extended this configure option to simplify building with
1519
different versions of Berkeley database using FreeBSD
1520
ports.</p>
1521
</dd>
1522
1523
<dt><code>--with-pc-suffix</code></dt>
1524
1525
<dd>
1526
<p>If ".pc" files are installed, optionally add a suffix to
1527
the files and corresponding package names to separate unusual
1528
configurations. If no option value is given (or if it is
1529
"none"), no suffix is added. This option is used in the test
1530
package for ncurses6.</p>
1531
</dd>
1532
1533
<dt><code>--with-xterm-kbs</code></dt>
1534
1535
<dd>
1536
<p>Configure xterm's terminfo entries to use either BS
1537
(<code>^H</code>, i.e., ASCII backspace) or DEL
1538
(<code>^?</code>, or 127).</p>
1539
</dd>
1540
</dl>
1541
1542
<h3><a name="h3-portability" id=
1543
"h3-portability">Portability</a></h3>
1544
1545
<h4><a name="h4-port-mingw" id="h4-port-mingw">MinGW</a></h4>
1546
1547
<p>Most of the portability-related work since <a href=
1548
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/announce-5.9.html"><em class="small-caps">
1549
ncurses</em> 5.9</a> extended and improved the MinGW port
1550
introduced in <a href=
1551
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/announce-5.8.html"><em class="small-caps">
1552
ncurses</em> 5.8</a>.</p>
1553
1554
<p>The MinGW port can be readily cross-compiled:</p>
1555
1556
<ul>
1557
<li>
1558
<p>modified configure script to allow creating dll's for
1559
MinGW when cross-compiling.</p>
1560
</li>
1561
1562
<li>
1563
<p>enforced Windows-style path-separator if
1564
cross-compiling,</p>
1565
</li>
1566
1567
<li>
1568
<p>added scripts for test-builds of cross-compiled packages
1569
for ncurses6 to MinGW.</p>
1570
</li>
1571
1572
<li>
1573
<p>added pc-files to the MinGW cross-compiling
1574
test-packages.</p>
1575
</li>
1576
1577
<li>
1578
<p>added script for building test-packages of binaries
1579
cross-compiled to MinGW using NSIS.</p>
1580
</li>
1581
1582
<li>
1583
<p>added <code>nc_mingw.h</code> to installed headers for
1584
MinGW port; this is needed for cross-compiling <a href=
1585
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a>.</p>
1586
</li>
1587
1588
<li>
1589
<p>added test-packages for cross-compiling ncurses-examples
1590
using the MinGW test-packages.</p>
1591
</li>
1592
</ul>
1593
1594
<p>The MinGW-specific Windows driver accounts for several
1595
changes:</p>
1596
1597
<ul>
1598
<li>
1599
<p>wide-character display is made usable by replacing MinGW's
1600
non-working <code>wcrtomb</code> and <code>wctomb</code>
1601
functions.</p>
1602
</li>
1603
1604
<li>
1605
<p>implemented some display features: <a href=
1606
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_beep.3x.html">beep</a>,
1607
<a href=
1608
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_beep.3x.html">flash</a>,
1609
<a href=
1610
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/curs_kernel.3x.html#h3-curs_set">
1611
curs_set</a>.</p>
1612
</li>
1613
1614
<li>
1615
<p>the driver handles repainting on endwin/refresh
1616
combination.</p>
1617
</li>
1618
1619
<li>
1620
<p>modified treatment of <code>TERM</code> variable for MinGW
1621
port to allow explicit use of the Windows console driver by
1622
checking if <code>$TERM</code> is set to
1623
“<code>#win32console</code>” or an abbreviation
1624
of that.</p>
1625
</li>
1626
1627
<li>
1628
<p>the Windows driver also matches the special
1629
<code>TERM</code> value “unknown”</p>
1630
</li>
1631
1632
<li>
1633
<p>the driver now returns characters for special keys, (like
1634
<code>ansi.sys</code> does), when keypad mode is off, rather
1635
than returning nothing at all.</p>
1636
</li>
1637
1638
<li>
1639
<p>the driver checks a new environment variable <a href=
1640
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/ncurses.3x.html#h3-NCURSES_CONSOLE2">
1641
NCURSES_CONSOLE2</a> to optionally work around a deficiency
1642
in <code>Console2</code> (and its descendent
1643
<code>ConsoleZ</code>) which hang when an application creates
1644
a console buffer.</p>
1645
</li>
1646
</ul>
1647
1648
<p>Finally, there are other improvements:</p>
1649
1650
<ul>
1651
<li>
1652
<p>MinGW is one of the configurations where <em class=
1653
"small-caps">ncurses</em> installs by default into /usr</p>
1654
</li>
1655
1656
<li>configuration for cross-compiling uses AC_CHECK_TOOLS in
1657
preference to AC_PATH_PROGS when searching for ncurses*-config,
1658
e.g., in Ada95/configure and test/configure.</li>
1659
1660
<li>
1661
<p>extend Windows support to work with MSYS2;</p>
1662
1663
<ul>
1664
<li>
1665
<p>this works with a scenario where there is an
1666
ANSI-escape handler such as <code>ansicon</code> running
1667
in the console window.</p>
1668
</li>
1669
1670
<li>wrap <code>isatty</code> calls with a macro, provide a
1671
corresponding set of support routines to address
1672
differences between MinGW and MSYS2.</li>
1673
</ul>
1674
</li>
1675
1676
<li>
1677
<p>ensure <code>WINVER</code> is defined in makefiles rather
1678
than using headers.</p>
1679
</li>
1680
1681
<li>
1682
<p>add check for the <code>gnatprep</code>
1683
“<code>-T</code>” option.</p>
1684
</li>
1685
1686
<li>
1687
<p>work around a bug introduced by <a href=
1688
"http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20877689/gcc-4-8-1-minggw-d-option-does-not-work-as-usual">
1689
gcc 4.8.1</a> in MinGW which breaks "trace" feature.</p>
1690
</li>
1691
1692
<li>
1693
<p>add a driver-name method to each of the drivers.</p>
1694
</li>
1695
</ul>
1696
1697
<h4><a name="h4-port-systems" id="h4-port-systems">Other
1698
ports</a></h4>
1699
1700
<p>These changes affect certain platforms (ports):</p>
1701
1702
<ul>
1703
<li>
1704
<p>the configure script knows how to build shared libraries
1705
with DragonFlyBSD and Interix.</p>
1706
</li>
1707
1708
<li>
1709
<p>support for AIX shared libraries is improved, tested with
1710
AIX 5.3, 6.1 and 7.1 with both gcc 4.2.4 and cc:</p>
1711
1712
<ul>
1713
<li>
1714
<p>the shared-library suffix for AIX 5 and 6 is now
1715
".so"</p>
1716
</li>
1717
1718
<li>
1719
<p>the <code>-brtl</code> option is used with AIX 5-7; it
1720
is needed to link with the shared libraries.</p>
1721
</li>
1722
</ul>
1723
</li>
1724
1725
<li>
1726
<p>the configure <code>--enable-pc-files</code> option takes
1727
into account the <a href=
1728
"http://linux.die.net/man/1/pkg-config"><code>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</code></a>
1729
variable.</p>
1730
</li>
1731
1732
<li>
1733
<p>the configure option <code>--with-pkg-config-libdir</code>
1734
provides control over the actual directory into which
1735
pc-files are installed.</p>
1736
</li>
1737
1738
<li>
1739
<p>the build scripts add explicit -ltinfo, etc., to the
1740
generated ".pc" file when <code>ld</code> option
1741
“<code>--as-needed</code>” is used, or when
1742
ncurses and tinfo are installed without using rpath.</p>
1743
</li>
1744
1745
<li>
1746
<p>the configure script disallows conflicting options
1747
“<code>--with-termlib</code>” and
1748
“<code>--enable-term-driver</code>”.</p>
1749
</li>
1750
1751
<li>
1752
<p>the check for missing c++ compiler to work when no error
1753
is reported, and no variables set is improved (see note for
1754
<a href=
1755
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#t20021206">20021206</a>).</p>
1756
</li>
1757
1758
<li>
1759
<p>the misc/gen_edit.sh script selects a "linux" entry which
1760
works with the current kernel rather than assuming it is
1761
always "linux3.0"</p>
1762
</li>
1763
1764
<li>
1765
<p>the test/configure script makes it simpler to override
1766
names of curses-related libraries, to help with linking with
1767
pdcurses in MinGW environment.</p>
1768
</li>
1769
1770
<li>
1771
<p>the configure-script/ifdef's allow the BSD OLD_TTY feature
1772
to be suppressed if the type of <code>ospeed</code> is
1773
configured using the option <code>--with-ospeed</code> to not
1774
be a <code>short</code>. By default, it is a
1775
<code>short</code> for termcap-compatibility.</p>
1776
</li>
1777
1778
<li>
1779
<p>the MKlib_gen.sh script works around a recent change in
1780
gcc 5 (released <a href=
1781
"https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/">mid-2015</a>) which essentially
1782
emits multiple <code>#line</code> statements for the same
1783
position in a file.</p>
1784
</li>
1785
1786
<li>
1787
<p>the configure script works with Minix3.2 (see <a href=
1788
"http://invisible-island.net/autoconf/portability-test.html">note</a>
1789
on portability)</p>
1790
</li>
1791
1792
<li>
1793
<p>OS/2 redux:</p>
1794
1795
<ul>
1796
<li>
1797
<p>the configure script supports OS/2 kLIBC.</p>
1798
</li>
1799
1800
<li>
1801
<p>the <code>--with-lib-prefix</code> option allows
1802
configuring for old/new flavors of OS/2 EMX.</p>
1803
</li>
1804
</ul>
1805
</li>
1806
1807
<li>
1808
<p>improved configure-script checks for
1809
<code>_XOPEN_SOURCE</code>:</p>
1810
1811
<ul>
1812
<li>
1813
<p>the definition works starting with Solaris 10.</p>
1814
</li>
1815
1816
<li>
1817
<p>the definition is suppressed for IRIX64, since its
1818
header files have a conflict versus
1819
<code>_SGI_SOURCE</code>.</p>
1820
</li>
1821
</ul>
1822
</li>
1823
</ul>
1824
<hr>
1825
1826
<h2><a name="h2-features" id="h2-features">Features of <em class=
1827
"small-caps">ncurses</em></a></h2>
1828
1829
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> package is fully
1830
upward-compatible with SVr4 (System V Release 4) curses:</p>
1831
1832
<ul>
1833
<li>
1834
<p>All of the SVr4 calls have been implemented (and are
1835
documented).</p>
1836
</li>
1837
1838
<li>
1839
<p><em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> supports all of the
1840
for SVr4 curses features including keyboard mapping, color,
1841
forms-drawing with ACS characters, and automatic recognition
1842
of keypad and function keys.</p>
1843
</li>
1844
1845
<li>
1846
<p><em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> provides these SVr4
1847
add-on libraries (not part of X/Open Curses):</p>
1848
1849
<ul>
1850
<li>
1851
<p>the panels library, supporting a stack of windows with
1852
backing store.</p>
1853
</li>
1854
1855
<li>
1856
<p>the menus library, supporting a uniform but flexible
1857
interface for menu programming.</p>
1858
</li>
1859
1860
<li>
1861
<p>the form library, supporting data collection through
1862
on-screen forms.</p>
1863
</li>
1864
</ul>
1865
</li>
1866
1867
<li>
1868
<p><em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>'s terminal database is
1869
fully compatible with that used by SVr4 curses.</p>
1870
1871
<ul>
1872
<li><em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> supports
1873
user-defined capabilities which it can see, but which are
1874
hidden from SVr4 curses applications using the
1875
<em>same</em> terminal database.</li>
1876
1877
<li>
1878
<p>It can be optionally configured to match the format
1879
used in related systems such as AIX and Tru64.</p>
1880
</li>
1881
1882
<li>
1883
<p>Alternatively, <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> can
1884
be configured to use hashed databases rather than the
1885
directory of files used by SVr4 curses.</p>
1886
</li>
1887
</ul>
1888
</li>
1889
1890
<li>
1891
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> utilities have
1892
options to allow you to filter terminfo entries for use with
1893
less capable <em>curses</em>/<em>terminfo</em> versions such
1894
as the HP/UX and AIX ports.</p>
1895
</li>
1896
</ul>
1897
1898
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> package also has many
1899
useful extensions over SVr4:</p>
1900
1901
<ul>
1902
<li>
1903
<p>The API is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the
1904
X/OPEN curses specification, XSI curses (that is, it
1905
implements all BASE level features, and most EXTENDED
1906
features). It includes many function calls not supported
1907
under SVr4 curses (but portability of all calls is documented
1908
so you can use the SVr4 subset only).</p>
1909
</li>
1910
1911
<li>
1912
<p>Unlike SVr3 curses, <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>
1913
can write to the rightmost-bottommost corner of the screen if
1914
your terminal has an insert-character capability.</p>
1915
</li>
1916
1917
<li>
1918
<p>Ada95 and C++ bindings.</p>
1919
</li>
1920
1921
<li>
1922
<p>Support for mouse event reporting with X Window xterm and
1923
FreeBSD and OS/2 console windows.</p>
1924
</li>
1925
1926
<li>
1927
<p>Extended mouse support via Alessandro Rubini's gpm
1928
package.</p>
1929
</li>
1930
1931
<li>
1932
<p>The function <code>wresize</code> allows you to resize
1933
windows, preserving their data.</p>
1934
</li>
1935
1936
<li>
1937
<p>The function <code>use_default_colors</code> allows you to
1938
use the terminal's default colors for the default color pair,
1939
achieving the effect of transparent colors.</p>
1940
</li>
1941
1942
<li>
1943
<p>The functions <code>keyok</code> and
1944
<code>define_key</code> allow you to better control the use
1945
of function keys, e.g., disabling the <em class=
1946
"small-caps">ncurses</em> KEY_MOUSE, or by defining more than
1947
one control sequence to map to a given key code.</p>
1948
</li>
1949
1950
<li>
1951
<p>Support for 256-color terminals, such as modern xterm.</p>
1952
</li>
1953
1954
<li>
1955
<p>Support for 16-color terminals, such as <em>aixterm</em>
1956
and <em>modern xterm</em>.</p>
1957
</li>
1958
1959
<li>
1960
<p>Better cursor-movement optimization. The package now
1961
features a cursor-local-movement computation more efficient
1962
than either BSD's or System V's.</p>
1963
</li>
1964
1965
<li>
1966
<p>Super hardware scrolling support. The screen-update code
1967
incorporates a novel, simple, and cheap algorithm that
1968
enables it to make optimal use of hardware scrolling,
1969
line-insertion, and line-deletion for screen-line movements.
1970
This algorithm is more powerful than the 4.4BSD curses
1971
<code>quickch</code> routine.</p>
1972
</li>
1973
1974
<li>
1975
<p>Real support for terminals with the magic-cookie glitch.
1976
The screen-update code will refrain from drawing a highlight
1977
if the magic- cookie unattributed spaces required just before
1978
the beginning and after the end would step on a non-space
1979
character. It will automatically shift highlight boundaries
1980
when doing so would make it possible to draw the highlight
1981
without changing the visual appearance of the screen.</p>
1982
</li>
1983
1984
<li>
1985
<p>It is possible to generate the library with a list of
1986
pre-loaded fallback entries linked to it so that it can serve
1987
those terminal types even when no terminfo tree or termcap
1988
file is accessible (this may be useful for support of
1989
screen-oriented programs that must run in single-user
1990
mode).</p>
1991
</li>
1992
1993
<li>
1994
<p>The <a href=
1995
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tic.1m.html">tic</a>/<a href="http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/captoinfo.1m.html">captoinfo</a>
1996
utility provided with <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> has
1997
the ability to translate many termcaps from the XENIX, IBM
1998
and AT&T extension sets.</p>
1999
</li>
2000
2001
<li>
2002
<p>A BSD-like <a href=
2003
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tset.1.html">tset</a>
2004
utility is provided.</p>
2005
</li>
2006
2007
<li>
2008
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> library and
2009
utilities will automatically read terminfo entries from
2010
$HOME/.terminfo if it exists, and compile to that directory
2011
if it exists and the user has no write access to the system
2012
directory. This feature makes it easier for users to have
2013
personal terminfo entries without giving up access to the
2014
system terminfo directory.</p>
2015
</li>
2016
2017
<li>
2018
<p>You may specify a path of directories to search for
2019
compiled descriptions with the environment variable
2020
TERMINFO_DIRS (this generalizes the feature provided by
2021
TERMINFO under stock System V.)</p>
2022
</li>
2023
2024
<li>
2025
<p>In terminfo source files, use capabilities may refer not
2026
just to other entries in the same source file (as in System
2027
V) but also to compiled entries in either the system terminfo
2028
directory or the user's $HOME/.terminfo directory.</p>
2029
</li>
2030
2031
<li>
2032
<p>The table-of-entries utility <a href=
2033
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/toe.1m.html">toe</a>
2034
makes it easy for users to see exactly what terminal types
2035
are available on the system.</p>
2036
</li>
2037
2038
<li>
2039
<p>The library meets the XSI requirement that every macro
2040
entry point have a corresponding function which may be linked
2041
(and will be prototype-checked) if the macro definition is
2042
disabled with <code>#undef</code>.</p>
2043
</li>
2044
2045
<li>
2046
<p>Extensive documentation is provided (see the <em><a href=
2047
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html#additional_reading">
2048
Additional Reading</a></em> section of the <em><a href=
2049
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html"><em class="small-caps">
2050
ncurses</em> FAQ</a></em> for online documentation).</p>
2051
</li>
2052
</ul>
2053
2054
<h2><a name="h2-who-uses" id="h2-who-uses">Applications using
2055
<em class="small-caps">ncurses</em></a></h2>
2056
2057
<p>The <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> distribution includes
2058
a selection of test programs (including a few games). These are
2059
available separately as <a href=
2060
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-examples.html">ncurses-examples</a></p>
2061
2062
<p>The ncurses library has been tested with a wide variety of
2063
applications including:</p>
2064
2065
<blockquote>
2066
<dl>
2067
<dt>cdk</dt>
2068
2069
<dd>
2070
<p>Curses Development Kit</p>
2071
2072
<p><a href=
2073
"http://invisible-island.net/cdk/">http://invisible-island.net/cdk/</a><br>
2074
</p>
2075
</dd>
2076
2077
<dt>ded</dt>
2078
2079
<dd>
2080
<p>directory-editor</p>
2081
2082
<p><a href=
2083
"http://invisible-island.net/ded/">http://invisible-island.net/ded/</a></p>
2084
</dd>
2085
2086
<dt>dialog</dt>
2087
2088
<dd>
2089
<p>the underlying application used in Slackware's setup,
2090
and the basis for similar install/configure applications on
2091
many systems.</p>
2092
2093
<p><a href=
2094
"http://invisible-island.net/dialog/">http://invisible-island.net/dialog/</a></p>
2095
</dd>
2096
2097
<dt>lynx</dt>
2098
2099
<dd>
2100
<p>the text WWW browser</p>
2101
2102
<p><a href=
2103
"http://lynx.isc.org/">http://lynx.isc.org/</a></p>
2104
</dd>
2105
2106
<dt>Midnight Commander</dt>
2107
2108
<dd>
2109
<p>file manager</p>
2110
2111
<p><a href=
2112
"http://www.midnight-commander.org/">http://www.midnight-commander.org/</a></p>
2113
</dd>
2114
2115
<dt>mutt</dt>
2116
2117
<dd>
2118
<p>mail utility</p>
2119
2120
<p><a href=
2121
"http://www.mutt.org/">http://www.mutt.org/</a></p>
2122
</dd>
2123
2124
<dt>ncftp</dt>
2125
2126
<dd>
2127
<p>file-transfer utility</p>
2128
2129
<p><a href=
2130
"http://www.ncftp.com/">http://www.ncftp.com/</a></p>
2131
</dd>
2132
2133
<dt>nvi</dt>
2134
2135
<dd>
2136
<p>New vi uses ncurses.</p>
2137
2138
<p><a href=
2139
"https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/nvi">https://sites.google.com/a/bostic.com/keithbostic/nvi</a><br>
2140
</p>
2141
</dd>
2142
2143
<dt>tin</dt>
2144
2145
<dd>
2146
<p>newsreader, supporting color, MIME</p>
2147
2148
<p><a href=
2149
"http://www.tin.org/">http://www.tin.org/</a></p>
2150
</dd>
2151
</dl>
2152
</blockquote>
2153
2154
<p>as well as some that use <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>
2155
for the terminfo support alone:</p>
2156
2157
<blockquote>
2158
<dl>
2159
<dt>minicom</dt>
2160
2161
<dd>
2162
<p>terminal emulator for serial modem connections</p>
2163
2164
<p><a href=
2165
"http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/">http://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom/</a></p>
2166
</dd>
2167
2168
<dt>mosh</dt>
2169
2170
<dd>
2171
<p>a replacement for <code>ssh</code>.</p>
2172
2173
<p><a href=
2174
"https://mosh.mit.edu/">https://mosh.mit.edu/</a></p>
2175
</dd>
2176
2177
<dt>tack</dt>
2178
2179
<dd>
2180
<p>terminfo action checker</p>
2181
2182
<p><a href=
2183
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tack.html">http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tack.html</a></p>
2184
</dd>
2185
2186
<dt>tmux</dt>
2187
2188
<dd>
2189
<p>terminal multiplexor</p>
2190
2191
<p><a href=
2192
"http://tmux.github.io/">http://tmux.github.io/</a></p>
2193
</dd>
2194
2195
<dt>vile</dt>
2196
2197
<dd>
2198
<p>vi-like-emacs may be built to use the terminfo, termcap
2199
or curses interfaces.</p>
2200
2201
<p><a href=
2202
"http://invisible-island.net/vile/">http://invisible-island.net/vile/</a></p>
2203
</dd>
2204
</dl>
2205
</blockquote>
2206
2207
<p>and finally, those which use only the termcap interface:</p>
2208
2209
<blockquote>
2210
<dl>
2211
<dt>emacs</dt>
2212
2213
<dd>
2214
<p>text editor</p>
2215
2216
<p><a href=
2217
"http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/</a></p>
2218
</dd>
2219
2220
<dt>screen</dt>
2221
2222
<dd>
2223
<p>terminal multiplexor</p>
2224
2225
<p><a href=
2226
"http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/">http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/</a></p>
2227
</dd>
2228
2229
<dt>vim</dt>
2230
2231
<dd>
2232
<p>text editor</p>
2233
2234
<p><a href=
2235
"http://www.vim.org/">http://www.vim.org/</a></p>
2236
</dd>
2237
</dl>
2238
</blockquote>
2239
2240
<h2><a name="h2-development" id="h2-development">Development
2241
activities</a></h2>
2242
2243
<p>Zeyd Ben-Halim started <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em>
2244
from a previous package pcurses, written by Pavel Curtis. Eric S.
346
2245
Raymond continued development. Jürgen Pfeifer wrote most of
347
the form and menu libraries. Ongoing work is being done by
2246
the form and menu libraries. Ongoing development work is done by
348
2247
<a href="mailto:dickey@invisible-island.net">Thomas Dickey</a>.
349
Thomas Dickey acts as the maintainer for the Free Software
350
Foundation, which holds the copyright on ncurses. Contact the
351
current maintainers at <a href=
352
"mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">bug-ncurses@gnu.org</a>.
353
354
<p>To join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to
355
<code>bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org</code> containing the line:</p>
356
<pre>
357
subscribe <name>@<host.domain>
358
</pre>
2248
Thomas Dickey also acts as the maintainer for the Free Software
2249
Foundation, which holds the <a href=
2250
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-license.html">copyright
2251
on ncurses</a>.</p>
2252
2253
<p>Contact the current maintainers at</p>
2254
2255
<blockquote>
2256
<a href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">bug-ncurses@gnu.org</a>
2257
</blockquote>
2258
2259
<p>To join the ncurses mailing list, please write email to</p>
2260
2261
<blockquote>
2262
<a href=
2263
"mailto:bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org">bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org</a>
2264
</blockquote>containing the line:
2265
2266
<blockquote>
2267
<p><code>subscribe</code>
2268
<em><name>@<host.domain></em></p>
2269
</blockquote>
359
2270
360
2271
<p>This list is open to anyone interested in helping with the
361
2272
development and testing of this package.</p>
362
2273
363
<p>Beta versions of ncurses and patches to the current release
364
are made available at <a href=
365
"ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</a> .</p>
366
367
<h2>Future Plans</h2>
2274
<p>Beta versions of <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> and
2275
patches to the current release are made available at</p>
2276
2277
<blockquote>
2278
<p><a href=
2279
"ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/">ftp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/</a> .</p>
2280
</blockquote>
2281
2282
<p>There is an archive of the mailing list here:</p>
2283
2284
<blockquote>
2285
<p><a href=
2286
"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses">http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses</a>
2287
(also <a href=
2288
"https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses">https</a>)</p>
2289
</blockquote>
2290
2291
<h2><a name="h2-this-stuff" id="h2-this-stuff">Related
2292
resources</a></h2>
2293
2294
<p>The release notes make scattered references to these pages,
2295
which may be interesting by themselves:</p>
368
2296
369
2297
<ul>
370
<li>Extended-level XPG4 conformance, with internationalization
371
support.</li>
372
373
<li>Ports to more systems, including DOS and Windows.</li>
374
</ul>We need people to help with these projects. If you are
375
interested in working on them, please join the ncurses list.
376
377
<h2>Other Related Resources</h2>The distribution provides a newer
378
version of the terminfo-format terminal description file once
379
maintained by <a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/terminfo/">Eric
2298
<li><a href=
2299
"http://invisible-island.net/scripts/man2html.html">man2html</a></li>
2300
2301
<li><a href=
2302
"http://invisible-island.nethttp://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-license.html">
2303
<em class="small-caps">ncurses</em> licensing</a></li>
2304
2305
<li><a href=
2306
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-mapsyms.html">Symbol
2307
versioning in <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em></a></li>
2308
2309
<li><a href=
2310
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-mingw.html">The
2311
MinGW port of <em class="small-caps">ncurses</em></a></li>
2312
2313
<li><a href=
2314
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tack.html">tack –
2315
terminfo action checker</a></li>
2316
2317
<li><a href=
2318
"http://invisible-island.net/autoconf/portability-tar.html">tar
2319
versus portability</a></li>
2320
2321
<li><a href=
2322
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/tctest.html">tctest
2323
– termcap library checker</a></li>
2324
2325
<li><a href=
2326
"http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.html#download_database">
2327
Terminal Database</a></li>
2328
</ul>
2329
2330
<h2><a name="h2-other-stuff" id="h2-other-stuff">Other
2331
resources</a></h2>
2332
2333
<p>The distribution provides a newer version of the
2334
terminfo-format terminal description file once maintained by
2335
<a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/terminfo/">Eric
380
2336
Raymond</a> . Unlike the older version, the termcap and
381
2337
terminfo data are provided in the same file, and provides several
382
user-definable extensions beyond the X/Open specification.
2338
user-definable extensions beyond the X/Open specification.</p>
383
2339
384
2340
<p>You can find lots of information on terminal-related topics
385
2341
not covered in the terminfo file at <a href=
386
2342
"http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal">
387
2343
Richard Shuford's archive</a> .</p>
2344
2345
<div class="nav">
2346
<ul>
2347
<li><a href="#h2-overview">Overview</a></li>
2348
2349
<li>
2350
<a href="#h2-release-notes">Release Notes</a>
2351
2352
<ul>
2353
<li>
2354
<a href="#h3-library">Library improvements</a>
2355
2356
<ul>
2357
<li><a href="#h3-lib-setbuf">Output
2358
buffering</a></li>
2359
2360
<li><a href="#h3-lib-versioning">Symbol
2361
versioning</a></li>
2362
2363
<li><a href="#h3-lib-other">Miscellaneous</a></li>
2364
</ul>
2365
</li>
2366
2367
<li>
2368
<a href="#h3-programs">Program improvements</a>
2369
2370
<ul>
2371
<li><a href="#h4-utilities">Utilities</a></li>
2372
2373
<li><a href="#h4-examples">Examples</a></li>
2374
</ul>
2375
</li>
2376
2377
<li><a href="#h3-database">Terminal database</a></li>
2378
2379
<li><a href="#h3-documentation">Documentation</a></li>
2380
2381
<li><a href="#h3-bug-fixes">Interesting
2382
bug-fixes</a></li>
2383
2384
<li>
2385
<a href="#h3-config-config">Configuration changes</a>
2386
2387
<ul>
2388
<li><a href="#h4-config-major">Major changes</a></li>
2389
2390
<li><a href="#h4-config-options">Configuration
2391
options</a></li>
2392
</ul>
2393
</li>
2394
2395
<li>
2396
<a href="#h3-portability">Portability</a>
2397
2398
<ul>
2399
<li><a href="#h4-port-mingw">MinGW</a></li>
2400
2401
<li><a href="#h4-port-systems">Other ports</a></li>
2402
</ul>
2403
</li>
2404
</ul>
2405
</li>
2406
2407
<li><a href="#h2-features">Features of <em class=
2408
"small-caps">ncurses</em></a></li>
2409
2410
<li><a href="#h2-who-uses">Applications using <em class=
2411
"small-caps">ncurses</em></a></li>
2412
2413
<li><a href="#h2-development">Development activities</a></li>
2414
2415
<li><a href="#h2-this-stuff">Related resources</a></li>
2416
2417
<li><a href="#h2-other-stuff">Other resources</a></li>
2418
</ul>
2419
</div>
388
2420
</body>
389
2421
</html>
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