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* Title: Keyboard mapping for Michigan-Claremont Hebrew input
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* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2001 CrossWire Bible Society under the terms of the GNU GPL
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* @author Troy A. Griffitts
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#include <hebrewmcim.h>
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HebrewMCIM::HebrewMCIM()
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int *HebrewMCIM::translate(char in) {
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static int retString[5];
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int retStringIndex = 0;
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memset(retString, 0, 5);
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if (getState() >= 12) { // serious issue with internal structure
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retString[retStringIndex++] = in;
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map<int, int>::iterator find = subst2[getState()].find(in);
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if (find != subst2[getState()].end())
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retVal = find->second;
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retString[retStringIndex++] = retVal;
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retString[retStringIndex++] = in;
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retString[retStringIndex++] = retVal;
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if (retVal == 50) { // multiChar
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int *chars = multiChars[in];
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retString[retStringIndex++] = chars[0];
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retString[retStringIndex++] = chars[1];
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void HebrewMCIM::init() {
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memset(subst, 0, 255);
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subst['k'] = 1498; // finals
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// special multiChars
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static int x[] = {1513, 1474};
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static int y[] = {1513, 1473};
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subst2[2]['A'] = 1458;
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subst2[2]['E'] = 1457;
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subst2[2]['F'] = 1459;
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/* Telisha qetana is postpositive as in '04' above. However, Michigan
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# code '24' is for a medial telisha. Graphically, there is no
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subst2[5]['4'] = 1449;
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/* Note Michigan encoding distinguishes between medial metheg '35' (occuring
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# on the left of the vowel), and the ordinary meteg '95' (occuring on the
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# right of the vowel). It is also used for silluq.
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subst2[6]['3'] = 1433;
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subst2[6]['5'] = 1469;
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/* The Michigan code of telisha gedola in medial position. Graphically,
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# there is no difference.
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subst2[7]['4'] = 1440;
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subst2[8]['0'] = 1451;
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subst2[8]['1'] = 1436;
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subst2[4]['0'] = 1434;
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/* In the poetic books, prepositive dehi occurs; it's unclear whether
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# tipeha also occurs in the poetic books. Otherwise, we could simply
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# check for what book in the Tanach we are in. Michigan uses the same
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subst2[4]['3'] = 1430;
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/* This is the poetic accent mugrash, which also includes rebia, but is
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# encoded separately as '81' in the Michigan text.
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subst2[4]['1'] = 1437;
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subst2[4]['4'] = 1440;
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subst2[3]['0'] = 1475;
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subst2[3]['1'] = 1426;
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/* According to BHS, zarqa and sinnor are both postpositive. However,
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# the Michigan encoding uses one code for both. The Unicode zarqa
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# (0x0598) is definitely NOT postpositive. And further, the shape of
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# the symbol is different in BHS and Uniocde. This needs further
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# research to determine what's going on here. For now, we follow BHS
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# and use the postpositive Unicode zinor or both accents.
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subst2[3]['2'] = 1454;
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/* Pashta is postpositive, and the Unicode equivalent reflects
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# this. However, there is a poetic equivalent -- azla legarmeh --
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# which is not postpositive, but no equivalent code point exists in
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# Unicode. The Michigan encoding does not distinguish between the two,
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# although it could be algorithmically determined.
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subst2[3]['3'] = 1433;
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subst2[3]['4'] = 1449;
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subst2[3]['5'] = 1472;
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/* This is the Unicode Hebrew *accent*; there is also another Hebrew
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# *punctuation* called GERSHAYIM 0x05F4. I'm using the more
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# traditional rounded marks, rather than the alternate straight
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subst2[8]['2'] = 1438;
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// Also known as azla
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subst2[8]['3'] = 1448;
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subst2[8]['4'] = 1452;
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subst2[8]['5'] = 1427;
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subst2[9]['0'] = 1428;
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subst2[9]['1'] = 1431;
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/* Note, this accent is actually sinnorit, but it does not exist as a
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# separate glyph in the Unicode standard. The 'ZINOR' Unicode accent
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# is postpositive, while sinnorit is not. ZARQA is as close as I can
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subst2[9]['2'] = 1432;
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/* The Unicode form does not match the form used by BHS, but the names
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subst2[9]['3'] = 1441;
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subst2[9]['4'] = 1439;
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subst2[9]['5'] = 1429;
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subst2[10]['0'] = 1444;
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subst2[10]['1'] = 1445;
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subst2[10]['2'] = 1446;
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subst2[10]['3'] = 1430; // also '13', '73' also is used for majela
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subst2[10]['4'] = 1443;
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subst2[10]['5'] = 1469; // this is silluq; should appear to the left of the vowel
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subst2[11]['1'] = 1435;
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subst2[11]['2'] = 1425;
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subst2[11]['3'] = 1450;
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subst2[11]['4'] = 1447;
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subst2[11]['5'] = 1469; // should appear to the right of the vowel
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my $ETNAHTA = '֑';
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# officially the Unicode name for this symbol was "SEGOL." However, that is
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# not a unique name, conflicting with the vowel of the same name. Further,
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# the position of the symbol is different. I have changed the name of the
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# accent to "SEGOLTA," the traditional name for this accent.
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my $SEGOLTA = '֒';
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my $SHALSHELET = '֓';
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my $ZAQEF_QATAN = '֔';
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my $ZAQEF_GADOL = '֕';
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my $TIPEHA = '֖';
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my $REVIA = '֗';
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my $ZARQA = '֘';
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my $PASHTA = '֙';
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my $YETIV = '֚';
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my $TEVIR = '֛';
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my $GERESH = '֜';
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my $GERESH_MUQDAM = '֝';
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my $GERSHAYIM = '֞';
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my $QARNEY_PARA = '֟';
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my $TELISHA_GEDOLA = '֠';
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my $PAZER = '֡';
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my $MUNAH = '֣';
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my $MAHAPAKH = '֤';
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my $MERKHA = '֥';
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my $MERKHA_KEFULA = '֦';
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my $DARGA = '֧';
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my $QADMA = '֨';
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my $TELISHA_QETANA = '֩';
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my $YERAH_BEN_YOMO = '֪';
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my $ILUY = '֬';
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my $DEHI = '֭';
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my $ZINOR = '֮';
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my $MASORA_CIRCLE = '֯';
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# HEBREW EXTENDED-A points and punctuation
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my $SHEVA = 'ְ';
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my $HATAF_SEGOL = 'ֱ';
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my $HATAF_PATAH = 'ֲ';
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my $HATAF_QAMATS = 'ֳ';
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my $HIRIQ = 'ִ';
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my $TSERE = 'ֵ';
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my $SEGOL = 'ֶ';
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# furtive Patah is not a distinct character
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my $PATAH = 'ַ';
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my $QAMATS = 'ָ';
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my $HOLAM = 'ֹ';
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my $QUBUTS = 'ֻ';
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# also used as shuruq
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# falls within the base letter
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my $DAGESH_OR_MAPIQ = 'ּ';
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my $METAG = 'ֽ';
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my $MAQAF = '־';
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my $RAFE = 'ֿ';
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# Also used for legarmeh
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# may be treated as spacing punctuation, not as a point
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my $PASEQ = '׀';
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my $SHIN_DOT = 'ׁ';
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my $SIN_DOT = 'ׂ';
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my $SOF_PASUQ = '׃';
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my $UPPER_DOT = 'ׄ';
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# HEBREW LETTERS based on ISO 8859-8
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# x (alef symbol - 2135)
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my $ALEF = 'א';
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# x (bet symbol - 2136)
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# x (gimel symbol - 2137)
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my $GIMEL = 'ג';
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# x (dalet symbol - 2138)
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my $DALET = 'ד';
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my $ZAYIN = 'ז';
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my $FINAL_KAF = 'ך';
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my $LAMED = 'ל';
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my $FINAL_MEM = 'ם';
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my $FINAL_NUN = 'ן';
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my $SAMEKH = 'ס';
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my $AYIN = 'ע';
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my $FINAL_PE = 'ף';
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my $FINAL_TSADI = 'ץ';
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my $TSADI = 'צ';
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my $RESH = 'ר';
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my $SHIN = 'ש';
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my $DOUBLE_VAV = 'װ';
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my $VAV_YOD = 'ױ';
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my $DOUBLE_YOD = 'ײ';
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# Additional punctuation
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my $PUNCT_GERESH = '׳';
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my $PUNCT_GERSHAYIM = '״';
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# x (hebrew point judeo-spanish varika - FB1E)
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#my $JUDEO_SPANISH_VARIKA = pack("U",0xFB1E); # UTF-8 OxFB1E
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#############################
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# End of Unicode 2.0 Hebrew #
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#############################
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# A hash whose key is a Michagan code, and whose value is a Unicode
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char subst[] = new char [255];
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'#' => $SHIN, # the letter shin without a point
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'&' => ($SHIN . $SIN_DOT),
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'$' => ($SHIN . $SHIN_DOT), # '
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':A' => $HATAF_PATAH,
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':E' => $HATAF_SEGOL,
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':F' => $HATAF_QAMATS,
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'.' => $DAGESH_OR_MAPIQ,
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# According to BHS, zarqa and sinnor are both postpositive. However,
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# the Michigan encoding uses one code for both. The Unicode zarqa
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# (0x0598) is definitely NOT postpositive. And further, the shape of
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# the symbol is different in BHS and Uniocde. This needs further
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# research to determine what's going on here. For now, we follow BHS
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# and use the postpositive Unicode zinor or both accents.
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# Pashta is postpositive, and the Unicode equivalent reflects
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# this. However, there is a poetic equivalent -- azla legarmeh --
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# which is not postpositive, but no equivalent code point exists in
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# Unicode. The Michigan encoding does not distinguish between the two,
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# although it could be algorithmically determined.
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'04' => $TELISHA_QETANA,
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# In the poetic books, prepositive dehi occurs; it's unclear whether
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# tipeha also occurs in the poetic books. Otherwise, we could simply
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# check for what book in the Tanach we are in. Michigan uses the same
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'13' => $TIPEHA, # also $DEHI
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# This is the poetic accent mugrash, which also includes rebia, but is
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# encoded separately as '81' in the Michigan text.
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'11' => $GERESH_MUQDAM,
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'14' => $TELISHA_GEDOLA,
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# Telisha qetana is postpositive as in '04' above. However, Michigan
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# code '24' is for a medial telisha. Graphically, there is no
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'24' => $TELISHA_QETANA,
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# The Michigan code of telisha gedola in medial position. Graphically,
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# there is no difference.
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'44' => $TELISHA_GEDOLA,
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# This is the Unicode Hebrew *accent*; there is also another Hebrew
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# *punctuation* called GERSHAYIM 0x05F4. I'm using the more
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# traditional rounded marks, rather than the alternate straight
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'80' => $ZAQEF_QATAN,
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# Note, this accent is actually sinnorit, but it does not exist as a
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# separate glyph in the Unicode standard. The 'ZINOR' Unicode accent
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# is postpositive, while sinnorit is not. ZARQA is as close as I can
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# The Unicode form does not match the form used by BHS, but the names
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'84' => $QARNEY_PARA,
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'85' => $ZAQEF_GADOL,
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# Note Michigan encoding distinguishes between medial metheg '35' (occuring
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# on the left of the vowel), and the ordinary meteg '95' (occuring on the
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# right of the vowel). It is also used for silluq.
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'72' => $MERKHA_KEFULA,
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'73' => $TIPEHA, # also '13', '73' also is used for majela
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'75' => $METAG, # this is silluq; should appear to the left of the vowel
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'93' => $YERAH_BEN_YOMO,
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'95' => $METAG, # should appear to the right of the vowel
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# Not used by the Michigan Encoding
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# $UPPER_DOT = '05C4';
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# declare other variables
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# iterate over every character and change to XML decimal entity
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CHAR: for ( $i = 0; ($i < scalar(@bhsVerse)); $i++) {
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# find and convert final kaf, mem, nun, pe, tsade
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /[KMNPC]/
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$bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /[ \-?]/
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$i == ( scalar(@bhsVerse) - 1 )
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( $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /0/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+2] =~ /0/ )
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( # one accent followed by white, eol or
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( $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /\d/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+2] =~ /\d/ )
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( $bhsVerse[$i+3] =~ /[ \-?]/ ) ||
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( $i == ( scalar(@bhsVerse) - 1 ) )
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( # two accents followed by white, eol
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( $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /\d/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+2] =~ /\d/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+3] =~ /\d/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+4] =~ /\d/ )
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( $bhsVerse[$i+5] =~ /[ \-?]/ ) ||
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( $i == ( scalar(@bhsVerse) - 1 ) )
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( # followed by a vowel and white, eol, sof pasuq
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( $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /[:F]/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+2] =~ /[ \-?]/ ) || # whitespace or
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( $i == ( scalar(@bhsVerse) - 1 ) ) || # eol or
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( $bhsVerse[$i+2] =~ /0/ ) &&
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( $bhsVerse[$i+3] =~ /0/ )
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) # end of what follows after final letter
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /K/ && eval { push @entity_line,$FINAL_KAF; }
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /M/ && eval { push @entity_line,$FINAL_MEM; }
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /N/ && eval { push @entity_line,$FINAL_NUN; }
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /P/ && eval { push @entity_line,$FINAL_PE; }
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /C/ && eval { push @entity_line,$FINAL_TSADI; }
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# find and convert "furtive patach"
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( $bhsVerse[$i] =~ /A/ ) && # If the letter is a patach
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( $bhsVerse[$i-1] =~ /[)HX(]/ ) && # and is preceeded by a guttural
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( ( $bhsVerse[$i-2] =~ /[AEFOU]/ ) || # and is preceeded by a vowel
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( ( $bhsVerse[$i-2] =~ /\./ ) && # or by suruq
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( $bhsVerse[$i-3] =~ /W/ ) ) || #
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( ( $bhsVerse[$i-2] =~ /W/ ) && # or by holem (written plene)
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( $bhsVerse[$i-3] =~ /O/ ) ) || #
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( ( $bhsVerse[$i-2] =~ /Y/ ) && # or by hiriq-yod
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( $bhsVerse[$i-3] =~ /I/ ) ) ) &&
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$saveGuttural = pop @entity_line; # snip off the gutteral
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push @entity_line,$PATAH; # push on the patach
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push @entity_line,$saveGuttural; # push back on the gutteral
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# convert cantillation
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# since we have previously dealt with all other cases of
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# numbers, two digit patterns are all we have to search for
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /\d/ && $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /\d/ && do {
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push @entity_line,$Michigan2XMLentity{"$bhsVerse[$i]$bhsVerse[$i+1]"};
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$i++; # accents are two digits long, so advance past the 2nd digit
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# convert katef vowels, which are two characters long
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$bhsVerse[$i] =~ /:/ && $bhsVerse[$i+1] =~ /[AEF]/ && do {
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push @entity_line,$Michigan2XMLentity{"$bhsVerse[$i]$bhsVerse[$i+1]"};
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# convert everything else
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push @entity_line,$Michigan2XMLentity{"$bhsVerse[$i]"};
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# print the line to standard output with XML character-level encoding
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# each character has the following format:
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# <c id="1kg1.verse#.word#.character#">Ӓ</c>
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# set up the verse element
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print "<verse>\n<word>\n";
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# print each character element
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# if there is a space, then close the word entity, open a new word
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# entity, increment the word number, reset the character number to
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foreach $element (@entity_line) {
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if ( $element =~ " " ) {
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print "</word>\n<word>\n";
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print "<c id=\"1kg1.$verse.$word.$character\">$element</c>\n";
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# close the verse element
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print "</word></verse>\n";
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# reinitialize variables
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# close the XML document
added
removed
src/frontend/im/hebrewmcim.cpp
