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  • Committer: Bazaar Package Importer
  • Author(s): Matthias Klose
  • Date: 2010-03-10 11:32:29 UTC
  • mfrom: (1.3.4 upstream)
  • Revision ID: james.westby@ubuntu.com-20100310113229-nydaajy3eky89scu
Tags: 2.2.6-1
New upstream version.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.5: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
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<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.6: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
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<title>BeautifulSoup Parser</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="document" id="beautifulsoup-parser">
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<div class="sidemenu"><ul id="lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="index-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="index.html">lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#documentation">Documentation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#download">Download</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#mailing-list">Mailing list</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#bug-tracker">Bug tracker</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#license">License</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#old-versions">Old Versions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="intro-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="intro.html">Why lxml?</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="intro.html#motto">Motto</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="intro.html#aims">Aims</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="installation-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="installation.html">Installing lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#installation">Installation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#building-lxml-from-sources">Building lxml from sources</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#ms-windows">MS Windows</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#macos-x">MacOS-X</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="lxml2-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="lxml2.html">What's new in lxml 2.0?</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml2.html#changes-in-etree-and-objectify">Changes in etree and objectify</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml2.html#new-modules">New modules</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="performance-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="performance.html">Benchmarks and Speed</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#general-notes">General notes</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#how-to-read-the-timings">How to read the timings</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#parsing-and-serialising">Parsing and Serialising</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#the-elementtree-api">The ElementTree API</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#xpath">XPath</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#a-longer-example">A longer example</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#lxml-objectify">lxml.objectify</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="compatibility-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="compatibility.html">ElementTree compatibility of lxml.etree</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="FAQ-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="FAQ.html">lxml FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#general-questions">General Questions</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#installation">Installation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#contributing">Contributing</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#bugs">Bugs</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#threading">Threading</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#parsing-and-serialisation">Parsing and Serialisation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#xpath-and-document-traversal">XPath and Document Traversal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul id="Developing with lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">Developing with lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="tutorial-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="tutorial.html">The lxml.etree Tutorial</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-element-class">The Element class</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-elementtree-class">The ElementTree class</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#parsing-from-strings-and-files">Parsing from strings and files</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#namespaces">Namespaces</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-e-factory">The E-factory</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#elementpath">ElementPath</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="api index-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="api/index.html">API reference</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="api-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="api.html">APIs specific to lxml.etree</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#lxml-etree">lxml.etree</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#other-element-apis">Other Element APIs</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#trees-and-documents">Trees and Documents</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#iteration">Iteration</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#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o:</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div><h1 class="title">BeautifulSoup Parser</h1>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/">BeautifulSoup</a> is a Python package that parses broken HTML, just like
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lxml supports it based on the parser of libxml2.  BeautifulSoup uses a
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very much depends on the input which parser works better.</p>
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<p>To prevent users from having to choose their parser library in
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advance, lxml can interface to the parsing capabilities of
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BeautifulSoup through the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.html.soupparser</span></tt> module.  It
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provides three main functions: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parse()</span></tt> to
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parse a string or file using BeautifulSoup into an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.html</span></tt>
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document, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">convert_tree()</span></tt> to convert an existing BeautifulSoup
 
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BeautifulSoup through the <tt class="docutils literal">lxml.html.soupparser</tt> module.  It
 
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provides three main functions: <tt class="docutils literal">fromstring()</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">parse()</tt> to
 
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parse a string or file using BeautifulSoup into an <tt class="docutils literal">lxml.html</tt>
 
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document, and <tt class="docutils literal">convert_tree()</tt> to convert an existing BeautifulSoup
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tree into a list of top-level Elements.</p>
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<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
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<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="parsing-with-the-soupparser">
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<h1>Parsing with the soupparser</h1>
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<p>The functions <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parse()</span></tt> behave as known from
 
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<p>The functions <tt class="docutils literal">fromstring()</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">parse()</tt> behave as known from
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ElementTree.  The first returns a root Element, the latter returns an
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ElementTree.</p>
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<p>There is also a legacy module called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.html.ElementSoup</span></tt>, which
 
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<p>There is also a legacy module called <tt class="docutils literal">lxml.html.ElementSoup</tt>, which
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mimics the interface provided by ElementTree's own <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-soup.htm">ElementSoup</a>
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module.  Note that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">soupparser</span></tt> module was added in lxml 2.0.3.
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Previous versions of lxml 2.0.x only have the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ElementSoup</span></tt> module.</p>
 
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module.  Note that the <tt class="docutils literal">soupparser</tt> module was added in lxml 2.0.3.
 
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Previous versions of lxml 2.0.x only have the <tt class="docutils literal">ElementSoup</tt> module.</p>
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<p>Here is a document full of tag soup, similar to, but not quite like, HTML:</p>
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">tag_soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'&lt;meta&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/head&lt;body onload=crash()&gt;Hi all&lt;p&gt;'</span>
 
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">tag_soup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'&lt;meta&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body onload=crash()&gt;Hi all&lt;p&gt;'</span>
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</pre></div>
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<p>all you need to do is pass it to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></tt> function:</p>
 
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<p>all you need to do is pass it to the <tt class="docutils literal">fromstring()</tt> function:</p>
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">lxml.html.soupparser</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">fromstring</span>
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<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fromstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tag_soup</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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<p>Not quite what you'd expect from an HTML page, but, well, it was broken
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already, right?  BeautifulSoup did its best, and so now it's a tree.</p>
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<p>To control which Element implementation is used, you can pass a
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">makeelement</span></tt> factory function to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parse()</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></tt>.
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By default, this is based on the HTML parser defined in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.html</span></tt>.</p>
 
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<tt class="docutils literal">makeelement</tt> factory function to <tt class="docutils literal">parse()</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">fromstring()</tt>.
 
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By default, this is based on the HTML parser defined in <tt class="docutils literal">lxml.html</tt>.</p>
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<p>For a quick comparison, libxml2 2.6.32 parses the same tag soup as
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follows.  The main difference is that libxml2 tries harder to adhere
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to the structure of an HTML document and moves misplaced tags where
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<h1>Using soupparser as a fallback</h1>
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<p>The downside of using this parser is that it is <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.ianbicking.org/2008/03/30/python-html-parser-performance/">much slower</a> than
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the HTML parser of lxml.  So if performance matters, you might want to
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consider using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">soupparser</span></tt> only as a fallback for certain cases.</p>
 
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consider using <tt class="docutils literal">soupparser</tt> only as a fallback for certain cases.</p>
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<p>One common problem of lxml's parser is that it might not get the
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encoding right in cases where the document contains a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;meta&gt;</span></tt> tag
 
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encoding right in cases where the document contains a <tt class="docutils literal">&lt;meta&gt;</tt> tag
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at the wrong place.  In this case, you can exploit the fact that lxml
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serialises much faster than most other HTML libraries for Python.
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Just serialise the document to unicode and if that gives you an
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<p>If you prefer a 'real' (and fast) HTML parser instead of the regular
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expression based one in BeautifulSoup, you can still benefit from
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BeautifulSoup's <a class="reference external" href="http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/documentation.html#Beautiful%20Soup%20Gives%20You%20Unicode%2C%20Dammit">support for encoding detection</a> in the
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeDammit</span></tt> class.</p>
 
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<tt class="docutils literal">UnicodeDammit</tt> class.</p>
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">BeautifulSoup</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">UnicodeDammit</span>
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<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">decode_html</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html_string</span><span class="p">):</span>
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</div>
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<div class="footer">
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<hr class="footer" />
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Generated on: 2009-11-11.
 
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Generated on: 2010-03-02.
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</div>
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</body>