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# cabeca (at) ist (dot) utl (dot) pt
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# Inspiration to write this script came from various sources
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# Original LVM lvmcreate_initrd: ftp://ftp.sistina.com/pub/LVM/1.0/
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# Kernel initrd.txt: http://www.kernel.org/
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# EVMS INSTALL.initrd & linuxrc: http://evms.sourceforge.net/
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# Jeffrey Layton's lvm2create_initrd: http://poochiereds.net/svn/lvm2create_initrd/
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# Christophe Saout's initrd & linuxrc: http://www.saout.de/misc/
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# This script was only tested with kernel 2.6 with everything required to boot
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# the root filesystem built-in (not as modules). Ex: SCSI or IDE, RAID, device mapper
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# It does not support devfs as it is deprecated in the 2.6 kernel series
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# It needs lvm2 tools, busybox, pivot_root, MAKEDEV
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# It has been tested on Debian sid (unstable) only
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# 26/02/2004 Initial release -- Miguel Cabeca
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# 27/02/2004 Removed the BUSYBOXSYMLINKS var. The links are now determined at runtime.
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# some changes in init script to call a shell if something goes wrong. -- Miguel Cabeca
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# 19/04/2004 Several small changes. Pass args to init so single user mode works. Add some
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# PATH entries to /sbin/init shell script so chroot works without /usr mounted. Remove
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# mkdir /initrd so we don't cause problems if root filesystem is corrupted. -- Jeff Layton
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# 15/05/2004 initial support for modules, create lvm.conf from lvm dumpconfig, other cleanups -- Jeff Layton
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# Copyright Miguel Cabeca, Jeffrey Layton, 2004
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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# $Id: lvm2create_initrd,v 1.1 2004/06/07 16:20:05 agk Exp $
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BINFILES=${BINFILES:-"/lib/lvm-200/lvm /bin/bash /bin/busybox /sbin/pivot_root"}
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BASICDEVICES=${BASICDEVICES:-"std consoleonly fd"}
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BLOCKDEVICES=${BLOCKDEVICES:-"md hda hdb hdc hdd sda sdb sdc sdd"}
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MAKEDEV=${MAKEDEV:-"debian"}
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# Uncomment this if you want to disable automatic size detection
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PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
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echo "Create an initial ramdisk image for LVM2 root filesystem"
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echo "$cmd: [-h] [-v] [-c lvm.conf] [-m modulelist] [-e extrafiles] -r [raiddevs] [-R mdadm.conf] [-M style] [kernel version]"
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echo " -h|--help print this usage message"
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echo " -v|--verbose verbose progress messages"
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echo " -c|--lvmconf path to lvm.conf (/etc/lvm/lvm.conf)"
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echo " -m|--modules modules to copy to initrd image"
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echo " -e|--extra extra files to add to initrd"
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echo " -r|--raid raid devices to start in initrd"
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echo " -R|--raidconf location of mdadm.conf file to include"
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echo " -M|--makedev set MAKEDEV type (debian or redhat)"
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[ "$VERBOSE" ] && echo "`echo $cmd | tr '[a-z0-9/_]' ' '` -- $1" || true
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[ "`mount | grep $DEVRAM`" ] && verbose "unmounting $DEVRAM" && umount $DEVRAM
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[ -f $DEVRAM ] && verbose "removing $DEVRAM" && rm $DEVRAM
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[ -d $TMPMNT ] && verbose "removing $TMPMNT" && rmdir $TMPMNT
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verbose "exit with code $1"
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verbose 'Caught interrupt'
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cat << 'INIT' > $TMPMNT/sbin/init
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# include in the path some dirs from the real root filesystem
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# for chroot, blockdev
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PATH="/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/lib/lvm-200:/initrd/bin:/initrd/sbin"
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/bin/echo "*** Entering LVM2 rescue shell. Exit shell to continue booting. ***"
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echo "$PRE Remounting / read/write"
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mount -t ext2 -o remount,rw /dev/ram0 /
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# We need /proc for device mapper
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echo "$PRE Mounting /proc"
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mount -t proc none /proc
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# plug in modules listed in /etc/modules
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if [ -f /etc/modules ]; then
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echo -n "$PRE plugging in kernel modules:"
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while read module; do
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# start raid devices if raid_autostart file exists
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if [ -f /etc/raid_autostart ]; then
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if [ ! -f /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf ]; then
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mdoptions='--super-minor=dev'
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cat /etc/raid_autostart|
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echo "Starting RAID device $dev"
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/sbin/mdadm --assemble $dev $mdoptions
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# Create the /dev/mapper/control device for the ioctl
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# interface using the major and minor numbers that have been allocated
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echo -n "$PRE Finding device mapper major and minor numbers "
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MAJOR=$(sed -n 's/^ *\([0-9]\+\) \+misc$/\1/p' /proc/devices)
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MINOR=$(sed -n 's/^ *\([0-9]\+\) \+device-mapper$/\1/p' /proc/misc)
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if test -n "$MAJOR" -a -n "$MINOR" ; then
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mkdir -p -m 755 /dev/mapper
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mknod -m 600 /dev/mapper/control c $MAJOR $MINOR
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echo "($MAJOR,$MINOR)"
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# Device-Mapper dynamically allocates all device numbers. This means it is possible
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# that the root volume specified to LILO or Grub may have a different number when the
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# initrd runs than when the system was last running. In order to make sure the
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# correct volume is mounted as root, the init script must determine what the
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# desired root volume name is by getting the LVM2 root volume name from the kernel command line. In order for
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# this to work correctly, "lvm2root=/dev/Volume_Group_Name/Root_Volume_Name" needs to be passed
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# to the kernel command line (where Root_Volume_Name is replaced by your actual
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# root volume's name.
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for arg in `cat /proc/cmdline`; do
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echo $arg | grep '^lvm2root=' > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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rootvol=${arg#lvm2root=}
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echo "$PRE Activating LVM2 volumes"
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# run a shell if we're passed lvm2rescue on commandline
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grep lvm2rescue /proc/cmdline 1>/dev/null 2>&1
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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lvm vgchange --ignorelockingfailure -P -a y
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lvm vgchange --ignorelockingfailure -a y
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echo "$PRE Mounting root filesystem $rootvol ro"
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if ! mount -t auto -o ro $rootvol /rootvol; then
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echo "$PRE Umounting /proc"
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echo "$PRE Changing roots"
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if ! pivot_root . initrd ; then
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echo "$PRE Proceeding with boot..."
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exec chroot . /bin/sh -c "umount /initrd; blockdev --flushbufs /dev/ram0 ; exec /sbin/init $*" < dev/console > dev/console 2>&1
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chmod 555 $TMPMNT/sbin/init
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# create lvm.conf file from dumpconfig. Just use filter options
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echo 'devices {' > $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
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lvm dumpconfig | grep 'filter=' >> $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
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echo '}' >> $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
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while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
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-h|--help) usage; exit 0;;
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-v|--verbose) VERBOSE="y";;
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-c|--lvmconf) LVMCONF=$2; shift;;
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-m|--modules) MODULES=$2; shift;;
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-e|--extra) EXTRAFILES=$2; shift;;
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-r|--raid) RAID=$2; shift;;
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-R|--raidconf) RAIDCONF=$2; shift;;
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-M|--makedev) MAKEDEV=$2; shift;;
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[2-9].[0-9]*.[0-9]*) VERSION=$1;;
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*) echo "$cmd -- invalid option '$1'"; usage; exit 0;;
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INITRD=${INITRD:-"/boot/initrd-lvm2-$VERSION.gz"}
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echo "$cmd -- make LVM initial ram disk $INITRD"
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if [ -n "$RAID" ]; then
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BINFILES="$BINFILES /sbin/mdadm"
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RAIDCONF=${RAIDCONF:-"/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf"}
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if [ -r $RAIDCONF ]; then
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EXTRAFILES="$EXTRAFILES $RAIDCONF"
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echo "$cmd -- WARNING: No $RAIDCONF! Your RAID device minor numbers must match their superblock values!"
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# add modprobe if we declared any modules
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if [ -n "$MODULES" ]; then
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BINFILES="$BINFILES /sbin/modprobe /sbin/insmod /sbin/rmmod"
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for a in $BINFILES $EXTRAFILES; do
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if [ ! -r "$a" ] ; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR: you need $a"
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# Figure out which shared libraries we actually need in our initrd
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echo "$cmd -- finding required shared libraries"
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verbose "BINFILES: `echo $BINFILES`"
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LIBFILES=`ldd $BINFILES 2>/dev/null | awk '{if (/=>/) { print $3 }}' | sort -u`
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR figuring out needed shared libraries"
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verbose "Shared libraries needed: `echo $LIBFILES`"
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INITRDFILES="$BINFILES $LIBFILES $MODULES $EXTRAFILES"
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# tack on stuff for modules if we declared any and the files exist
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if [ -n "$MODULES" ]; then
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if [ -f "/etc/modprobe.conf" ]; then
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INITRDFILES="$INITRDFILES /etc/modprobe.conf"
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if [ -f "/lib/modules/modprobe.conf" ]; then
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INITRDFILES="$INITRDFILES /lib/modules/modprobe.conf"
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# Calculate the the size of the ramdisk image.
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# Don't forget that inodes take up space too, as does the filesystem metadata.
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echo "$cmd -- calculating initrd filesystem parameters"
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if [ -z "$INITRDSIZE" ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- calculating loopback file size"
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verbose "finding size"
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INITRDSIZE="`du -Lck $INITRDFILES | tail -1 | cut -f 1`"
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verbose "minimum: $INITRDSIZE kB for files + inodes + filesystem metadata"
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INITRDSIZE=`expr $INITRDSIZE + 512` # enough for ext2 fs + a bit
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echo "$cmd -- making loopback file ($INITRDSIZE kB)"
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verbose "using $DEVRAM as a temporary loopback file"
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dd if=/dev/zero of=$DEVRAM count=$INITRDSIZE bs=1024 > /dev/null 2>&1
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR creating loopback file"
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echo "$cmd -- making ram disk filesystem"
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verbose "mke2fs -F -m0 -L LVM-$VERSION $DEVRAM $INITRDSIZE"
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[ "$VERBOSE" ] && OPT_Q="" || OPT_Q="-q"
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mke2fs $OPT_Q -F -m0 -L LVM-$VERSION $DEVRAM $INITRDSIZE
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR making ram disk filesystem"
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR you need to use mke2fs >= 1.14 or increase INITRDSIZE"
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verbose "creating mountpoint $TMPMNT"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR making $TMPMNT"
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echo "$cmd -- mounting ram disk filesystem"
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verbose "mount -o loop $DEVRAM $TMPMNT"
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mount -oloop $DEVRAM $TMPMNT
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR mounting $DEVRAM on $TMPMNT"
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verbose "creating basic set of directories in $TMPMNT"
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(cd $TMPMNT; mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin var)
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR creating directories in $TMPMNT"
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# Add some /dev files. We have to handle different types of MAKEDEV invocations
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# here, so this is rather messy.
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echo "$cmd -- adding required /dev files"
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verbose "BASICDEVICES: `echo $BASICDEVICES`"
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verbose "BLOCKDEVICES: `echo $BLOCKDEVICES`"
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[ "$VERBOSE" ] && OPT_Q="-v" || OPT_Q=""
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(cd $TMPMNT/dev; /dev/MAKEDEV $OPT_Q $BASICDEVICES $BLOCKDEVICES)
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(cd $TMPMNT/dev; /dev/MAKEDEV $OPT_Q -d $TMPMNT/dev -m 2)
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR: $MAKEDEV is not a known MAKEDEV style."
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if [ $RETCODE -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR adding /dev files"
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# copy necessary files to ram disk
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echo "$cmd -- copying initrd files to ram disk"
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[ "$VERBOSE" ] && OPT_Q="-v" || OPT_Q="--quiet"
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verbose "find \$INITRDFILES | cpio -pdmL $OPT_Q $TMPMNT"
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find $INITRDFILES | cpio -pdmL $OPT_Q $TMPMNT
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR cpio to ram disk"
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echo "$cmd -- creating symlinks to busybox"
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[ "$VERBOSE" ] && OPT_Q="-v" || OPT_Q=""
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BUSYBOXSYMLINKS=`busybox 2>&1| awk '/^Currently defined functions:$/ {i++;next} i'|tr ',\t\n' ' '`
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for link in ${BUSYBOXSYMLINKS//@(linuxrc|init|busybox)}; do
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ln -s $OPT_Q busybox $TMPMNT/bin/$link;
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echo "$cmd -- creating new $TMPMNT/sbin/init"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR creating init"
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# copy LVMCONF into place or create a stripped down one from lvm dumpconfig
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mkdir -p $TMPMNT/etc/lvm
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if [ -n "$LVMCONF" ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- copying $LVMCONF to $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf"
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if [ -f "$LVMCONF" ]; then
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cp $LVMCONF $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR: $LVMCONF does not exist!"
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echo "$cmd -- creating new $TMPMNT/etc/lvm/lvm.conf"
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if [ -n "$RAID" ]; then
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RAIDLIST="$TMPMNT/etc/raid_autostart"
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echo "$cmd -- creating $RAIDLIST file."
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for device in $RAID; do
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echo $device >> $RAIDLIST
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# create modules.dep and /etc/modules files if needed
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if [ -n "$MODULES" ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- creating $MODDIR/modules.dep file and $TMPMNT/etc/modules"
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depmod -b $TMPMNT $VERSION
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for module in $MODULES; do
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basename $module | sed 's/\.k\{0,1\}o$//' >> $TMPMNT/etc/modules
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verbose "removing $TMPMNT/lost+found"
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rmdir $TMPMNT/lost+found
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echo "$cmd -- ummounting ram disk"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR umounting $DEVRAM"
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echo "$cmd -- creating compressed initrd $INITRD"
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verbose "dd if=$DEVRAM bs=1k count=$INITRDSIZE | gzip -9"
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dd if=$DEVRAM bs=1k count=$INITRDSIZE 2>/dev/null | gzip -9 > $INITRD
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "$cmd -- ERROR creating $INITRD"
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--------------------------------------------------------
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Your initrd is ready in $INITRD
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Don't forget to set root=/dev/ram0 in kernel parameters
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Don't forget to set lvm2root=/dev/VG/LV in kernel parameters, where LV is your root volume
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If you use lilo try adding/modifying an entry similar to this one in lilo.conf:
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image=/boot/vmlinuz-lvm2-$VERSION
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initrd=/boot/initrd-lvm2-$VERSION.gz
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append="root=/dev/ram0 lvm2root=/dev/system/root <other parameters>"
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If using grub try adding/modifying an entry similar to this one in menu.lst
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kernel /boot/vmlinuz-lvm2-$VERSION root=/dev/ram0 lvm2root=/dev/system/root <other parameters>
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initrd /boot/initrd-lvm2-$VERSION.gz
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You can also pass lvm2rescue to the kernel to get a shell
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--------------------------------------------------------
added
removed
scripts/lvm2create_initrd/lvm2create_initrd
