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<title>Overview of new features in Apache 2.2 - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache 2.2</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./ko/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./pt-br/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="pt-br" rel="alternate" title="Portugu�s (Brasil)"> pt-br </a></p>
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<p>This document describes some of the major changes between the
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2.0 and 2.2 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since
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version 1.3, see the <a href="new_features_2_0.html">2.0 new features</a>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2>
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<dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
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been refactored. The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_alias.html">mod_authn_alias</a></code> module
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can greatly simplify certain authentication configurations.
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See <a href="#module">module name changes</a>, and
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<a href="#developer">the developer changes</a> for more
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information about how these changes affects users and module
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_disk_cache.html">mod_disk_cache</a></code>, and
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mem_cache.html">mod_mem_cache</a></code> have undergone a lot of changes, and
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are now considered production-quality. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code>
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has been introduced to clean up <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_disk_cache.html">mod_disk_cache</a></code>
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<dt>Configuration</dt>
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<dd>The default configuration layout has been simplified and
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modularised. Configuration snippets which can be used to
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enable commonly-used features are now bundled with Apache, and
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can be easily added to the main server config.</dd>
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<dt>Graceful stop</dt>
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<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> and
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPMs now allow <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
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to be shutdown gracefully via the
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<a href="stopping.html#gracefulstop"><code>graceful-stop</code></a>
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signal. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#gracefulshutdowntimeout">GracefulShutdownTimeout</a></code> directive
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has been added to specify an optional timeout, after which
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will terminate regardless of the status
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of any requests being served.</dd>
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<dd>The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> module provides
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load balancing services for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>.
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The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code> module adds support for the
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<code>Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3</code> used by
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<a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/">Apache Tomcat</a>.</dd>
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<dt>Regular Expression Library Updated</dt>
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<dd>Version 5.0 of the
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<a href="http://www.pcre.org/">Perl Compatible Regular Expression
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Library</a> (PCRE) is now included. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> can be
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configured to use a system installation of PCRE by passing the
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<code>--with-pcre</code> flag to configure.</dd>
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<dt>Smart Filtering</dt>
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code> introduces dynamic configuration
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to the output filter chain. It enables filters to be conditionally
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inserted, based on any Request or Response header or environment
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variable, and dispenses with the more problematic dependencies and
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ordering problems in the 2.0 architecture.</dd>
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<dt>Large File Support</dt>
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<dd>httpd is now built with support for files larger than 2GB on
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modern 32-bit Unix systems. Support for handling >2GB request
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bodies has also been added.</dd>
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<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPM uses a seperate thread to handle
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Keep Alive requests and accepting connections. Keep Alive requests
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have traditionally required httpd to dedicate a worker to handle it.
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This dedicated worker could not be used again until the Keep Alive
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timeout was reached.</dd>
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<dt>SQL Database Support</dt>
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<dd><p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, together with the apr_dbd framework,
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brings direct SQL support to modules that need it. Supports
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connection pooling in threaded MPMs.</p>
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<p><strong>Windows Users</strong> please note that this is not
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yet included in the standard windows build. If you try to use
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it on the Windows platform, please let us know how you get on.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2>
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<dd>Modules in the aaa directory have been renamed and offer
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better support for digest authentication. For example, mod_auth
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is now split into <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code> and
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code>; mod_auth_dbm is now called
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code>; mod_access has been renamed
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. There is also a new
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_alias.html">mod_authn_alias</a></code> module for simplifying
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certain authentication configurations.
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt>
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<dd>This module is a port of the 2.0
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<code>mod_auth_ldap</code> module to the 2.2 <code>Authn/Authz</code>
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framework. New features include using LDAP attribute values and
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complicated search filters in the
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_owner.html">mod_authz_owner</a></code></dt>
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<dd>A new module that authorizes access to files based
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on the owner of the file on the file system</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></dt>
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<dd>A new module that allows configuration blocks to be enabled based on the
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version number of the running server.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Added a new <code>?config</code> argument which will show
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the configuration directives as parsed by Apache, including
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their file name and line number. The module also
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shows the order of all request hooks and additional
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build information, similar to <code>httpd -V</code>.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Added a support for
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<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt">RFC 2817</a>, which
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allows connections to upgrade from clear text to TLS encryption.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></dt>
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<dd>mod_imap has been renamed to <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code> to avoid
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2>
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<dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></dt>
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<dd>A new command line option <code>-M</code> has been added that
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lists all modules that are loaded based on the current
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configuration. Unlike the <code>-l</code> option, this list
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includes DSOs loaded via <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code>.</dd>
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<dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httxt2dbm.html">httxt2dbm</a></code></dt>
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<dd>A new program used to generate dbm files from text input,
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for use in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>
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with the <code>dbm</code> map type.</dd>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2>
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<dt><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> 1.0 API</dt>
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<dd>Apache 2.2 uses the APR 1.0 API. All deprecated functions and
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symbols have been removed from <code>APR</code> and
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<code>APR-Util</code>. For details, see the
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<a href="http://apr.apache.org/">APR Website</a>.</dd>
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<dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
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been renamed along the following lines:
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<li>mod_auth_* -> Modules that implement an HTTP authentication mechanism</li>
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<li>mod_authn_* -> Modules that provide a backend authentication provider</li>
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<li>mod_authz_* -> Modules that implement authorization (or access)</li>
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<li>mod_authnz_*-> Module that implements both authentication & authorization</li>
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There is a new authentication backend provider
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scheme which greatly eases the construction of new authentication
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<dt>Connection Error Logging</dt>
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<dd>A new function, <code>ap_log_cerror</code> has been added to log
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errors that occur with the client's connection. When logged,
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the message includes the client IP address.</dd>
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<dt>Test Configuration Hook Added</dt>
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<dd>A new hook, <code>test_config</code> has been added to aid
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modules that want to execute special code only when the user passes
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<code>-t</code> to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</dd>
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<dt>Set Threaded MPM's Stacksize</dt>
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<dd>A new directive, <code>ThreadStackSize</code> has been added to
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set the stack size on all threaded MPMs. This is required
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for some third-party modules on platforms with small default
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thread stack size.</dd>
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<dt>Protocol handling for output filters</dt>
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<dd>In the past, every filter has been responsible for ensuring
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that it generates the correct response headers where it affects
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them. Filters can now delegate common protocol management to
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code>, using the
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<code>ap_register_output_filter_protocol</code> or
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<code>ap_filter_protocol</code> calls.</dd>
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<dt>Monitor hook added</dt>
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<dd>Monitor hook enables modules to run regular/scheduled jobs
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in the parent (root) process.</dd>
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<dt>Regular expression API changes</dt>
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<dd>The <code>pcreposix.h</code> header is no longer available;
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it is replaced by the new <code>ap_regex.h</code> header. The
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POSIX.2 <code>regex.h</code> implementation exposed by the old
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header is now available under the <code>ap_</code> namespace
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from <code>ap_regex.h</code>. Calls to <code>regcomp</code>,
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<code>regexec</code> and so on can be replaced by calls to
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<code>ap_regcomp</code>, <code>ap_regcomp</code>.</dd>
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<dt>DBD Framework (SQL Database API)</dt>
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<dd><p>With Apache 1.x and 2.0, modules requiring an SQL backend
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had to take responsibility for managing it themselves. Apart
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from reinventing the wheel, this can be very inefficient, for
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example when several modules each maintain their own connections.</p>
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<p>Apache 2.1 and later provides the <code>ap_dbd</code> API for
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managing database connections (including optimised strategies
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for threaded and unthreaded MPMs), while APR 1.2 and later provides
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the <code>apr_dbd</code> API for interacting with the database.</p>
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<p>New modules SHOULD now use these APIs for all SQL database
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operations. Existing applications SHOULD be upgraded to use it
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where feasible, either transparently or as a recommended option
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to their users.</p></dd>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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