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<META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="GraphicsMagick is a robust
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collection of tools and libraries to read, write, and
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manipulate an image in any of the more popular image
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formats including GIF, JPEG, PNG, PDF, and Photo CD. With
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GraphicsMagick you can create GIFs dynamically making it
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suitable for Web applications. You can also resize, rotate,
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sharpen, color reduce, or add special effects to an image
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and save your completed work in the same or differing image
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<P><B>Magick Image File Format (MIFF)</B> is a platform-independent
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format for storing bitmap images. <B>MIFF</B> is a part of the
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<A HREF="../index.html">GraphicsMagick</A> toolkit of image
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manipulation utilities for the <I>X Window System</I>. <B>GraphicsMagick</B>
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is capable of converting many different image file formats to and
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from <B>MIFF</B> (<I>e.g.</I> <B>JPEG, XPM, TIFF,</B> <I>etc.</I>).
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</P><A NAME="desc"></A>
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2>
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<TD BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="../images/right_triangle.png" NAME="Graphic2" ALT=">" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=14 BORDER=0><B><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial"><FONT COLOR="#ffffff">Description</FONT></FONT></B></P>
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<P>A <B>MIFF</B> image file consist of two sections. The first
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section is a header composed of keywords describing the image in text
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form. The next section is the binary image data. The header is
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separated from the image data by a <TT>:</TT> character immediately
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followed by a <I>ctrl-Z</I>.</P>
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<P>The <B>MIFF</B> header is composed entirely of LATIN-1 characters.
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The fields in the header are keyword and value combination in the
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<I>keyword</I>=<I>value</I> format, with each keyword and value
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separated by an equal sign (=). Each <I>keyword</I>=<I>value</I>
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combination is delimited by at least one control or whitespace
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character. Comments may appear in the header section and are always
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delimited by braces. The <B>MIFF</B> header always ends with a colon
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(<TT>:</TT>) character, followed by a <I>ctrl-Z</I> character. It is
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also common to precede the colon with a <I>formfeed</I> and a <I>newline</I>
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character. The <I>formfeed</I> prevents the listing of binary data
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when using <B>more(1)</B> under Unix where the <I>ctrl-Z</I> has the
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same effect with the <B>type</B> command on the Win32 command line.
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<P>The following is a list of <I>keyword</I>=<I>value</I>
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combinations that may be found in a <B>MIFF</B> file:
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<DT><B>background-color</B>=<I>color</I>
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<B>border-color</B>=<I>color</I>
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<B>matte-color</B>=<I>color</I>
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these optional keywords reflects the image background, border, and
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matte colors respectively. A color can be a name (e.g. <I>white</I>)
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or a hex value (e.g. <I>#ccc</I>).
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<B>class</B>=<I>DirectClass</I>
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<B>class</B>=<I>PseudoClass</I>
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the type of binary image data stored in the <B>MIFF</B> file. If
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this keyword is not present, <I>DirectClass</I> image data is
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<B>colors</B>=<I>value</I>
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the number of colors in a <I>DirectClass</I> image. For a
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<I>PseudoClass</I> image, this keyword specifies the size of the
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colormap. If this keyword is not present in the header, and the
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image is <I>PseudoClass</I>, a linear 256 color grayscale colormap
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is used with the image data. <BR>The maximum number of colormap
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<B>columns</B>=<I>value</I>
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the width of the image in pixels. This is a required keyword and has
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<B>colorspace</B>=<I>RGB</I>
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<B>colorspace</B>=<I>CMYK</I>
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the colorspace of the pixel data. The default is <I>RGB</I>.
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<B>compression=</B><I>BZip</I></DT><DT>
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<B>compression</B>=<I>RLE</I>
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<B>compression</B>=<I>Zip</I>
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the type of algorithm used to compress the image data. If this
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keyword is not present, the image data is assumed to be
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<B>delay</B> <I><1/100ths of a second></I>
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the interframe delay in an image sequence. The maximum delay is
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<B>depth</B>=<I>8</I>
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<B>depth</B>=<I>16</I>
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<B>depth</B>=<I>32</I></DT><DD>
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depth of a single color value representing values from 0 to 255
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(depth 8), 65535 (depth 16), or 4294967295 (depth 32). If this
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keyword is absent, a depth of 8 is assumed.
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<B>dispose</B> <I>value</I>
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</DD><DD STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.2in">
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Here are the valid methods:
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<TABLE WIDTH=83% BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
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<TH WIDTH=16% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=84% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TD WIDTH=16% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="0" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>0</P>
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<TD WIDTH=84% VALIGN=TOP>
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<P>No disposal specified.</P>
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<TD WIDTH=16% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="1" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>1</P>
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<TD WIDTH=84% VALIGN=TOP>
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<P>Do not dispose between frames.</P>
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<TD WIDTH=16% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="2" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>2</P>
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<TD WIDTH=84% VALIGN=TOP>
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<P>Overwrite frame with background color from header.</P>
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<TD WIDTH=16% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="3" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>3</P>
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<TD WIDTH=84% VALIGN=TOP>
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<P>Overwrite with previous frame.</P>
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<DT><B>gamma</B>=<I>value</I>
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gamma of the image. If it is not specified, a gamma of 1.0 (linear
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brightness response) is assumed,
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<B>id</B>=<I>GraphicsMagick</I>
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identify the file as a <B>MIFF</B>-format image file. This keyword
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is required and has no default. Although this keyword can appear
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anywhere in the header, it should start as the first keyword of the
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header in column 1. This will allow programs like <I>file</I>(1) to
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easily identify the file as <B>MIFF</B>.
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<B>iterations</B> <I>value</I>
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the number of times an image sequence loops before stopping.
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<B>label</B>={<I>value</I>}
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this optional keyword defines a short title or caption for the
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image. If any whitespace appears in the label, it must be enclosed
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within double quotes.
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<B>matte</B>=<I>True</I>
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<B>matte</B>=<I>False</I>
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specifies whether a <I>DirectClass</I> image has matte data. Matte
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data is generally useful for image compositing. This keyword has no
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meaning for pseudocolor images.
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<B>montage</B>=<I><width>x<height>{+-}<xoffset</I>>{+-}<<I>yoffset</I>>
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size and location of the individual tiles of a composite image. See
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<I>X(1)</I> for details about the geometry specification.
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Use this keyword when the image is a composite of a number of
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different tiles. A tile consists of an image and optionally a border
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and a label. <<I>width</I>> is the size in pixels of each
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individual tile in the horizontal direction and <<I>height</I>>
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is the size in the vertical direction. Each tile must have an equal
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number of pixels in width and equal in height. However, the width
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can differ from the height. <<I>xoffset</I>> is the offset in
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number of pixels from the vertical edge of the composite image where
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the first tile of a row begins and <<I>yoffset</I>> is the
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offset from the horizontal edge where the first tile of a column
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If this keyword is specified, a directory of tile names must follow
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the image header. The format of the directory is explained below.
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<B>page</B>=<I><width>x<height>{+-}<xoffset</I>>{+-}<<I>yoffset</I>></DT><DD>
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preferred size and location of an image canvas.
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<B>profile-icc</B>=<I>value</I>
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the number of bytes in the International Color Consortium color
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profile. The profile is defined by the <EM>ICC profile
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specification</EM>.</DD><DT>
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<B>profile-iptc</B>=<I>value</I>
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the number of bytes in the IPTC Newsphoto profile. The profile is
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defined by the <I>IPTC</I><EM> <I>specification</I></EM>.</DD><DT>
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<B>profile-<I>name</I></B>=<I>value</I></DT><DD STYLE="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal">
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the number of bytes in the generic profile <I>name</I> where <I>name</I>
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identifies the profile. <I>Name</I> is substituted with any LATIN-1
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string to form a unique generic profile identifier.</DD><DT>
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<B>red-primary</B>=<I>x,y</I>
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<B>green-primary</B>=<I>x,y</I>
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<B>blue-primary</B>=<I>x,y</I>
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<B>white-point</B>=<I>x,y</I>
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these optional keywords reflect the chromaticity primaries and white
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<B>rendering-intent</B>=<I>saturation</I>
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<B>rendering-intent</B>=<I>perceptual</I>
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<B>rendering-intent</B>=<I>absolute</I>
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<B>rendering-intent</B>=<I>relative</I>
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Rendering intent is the CSS-1 property that has been defined by the
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<A HREF="http://www.color.org/">International Color Consortium</A>.
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<B>resolution</B>=<I><x-resolution>x<y-resolution></I>
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vertical and horizontal resolution of the image. See <B>units</B>
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for the specific resolution units (e.g. pixels per inch).
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<B>rows</B>=<I>value</I>
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the height of the image in pixels. This is a required keyword and
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<B>scene</B>=<I>value</I>
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the sequence number for this <B>MIFF</B> image file. This optional
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keyword is used when a <B>MIFF</B> image file is one in a sequence
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of files used in an animation.
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<B>signature</B>=<I>value</I>
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this optional keyword contains a string that uniquely identifies the
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image pixel contents. NIST's SHA-256 message digest algorithm is
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<B>units</B>=<I>pixels-per-inch</I>
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<B>units</B>=<I>pixels-per-centimeter</I>
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</DT><DD STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.2in">
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image resolution units.
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Other key value pairs are permitted. If a value contains whitespace
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it must be enclosed with braces as illustrated here:
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<PRE> id=GraphicsMagick
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class=PseudoClass colors=256
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columns=1280 rows=1024
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signature=d79e1c308aa5bbcdeea8ed63df412da9
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copyright={Copyright (c) 2000 GraphicsMagick Group}
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Note that <I>keyword</I>=<I>value</I> combinations may be separated
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by newlines or spaces and may occur in any order within the header.
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Comments (within braces) may appear anywhere before the colon.
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<P>The elements shown in the following table may appear after the
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header and before the image data. These elements appear in the order
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described in the following table if the keyword indicates that they
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
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<TH WIDTH=20% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=20% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>Image directory</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>montage</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>The directory consists of a name for each tile of
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the composite image separated by a <B>newline</B> character. The
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list is terminated with a NULL character.</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>ICC Profile</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>profile-icc</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Binary color profile.</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>IPTC Profile</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>profile-iptc</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Binary IPTC Newsphoto profile.</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>Generic Profiles</P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>profile-</B><<B>name</B>></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Binary generic profile. Multiple named generic
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profiles may exist.</P>
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<P>Next comes the binary image data itself. How the image data is
391
formatted depends upon the class of the image as specified (or not
392
specified) by the value of the <B>class</B> keyword in the header.
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All numeric values in the binary section are written with the most
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significant bytes occuring first (big-endian ordering).</P>
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<P><B>DirectClass</B> images (<TT>class=DirectClass</TT>) are
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continuous-tone, images stored as RGB (red, green, blue), RGBA (red,
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green, blue, alpha), CMYK (cyan, yellow, magenta, black), and CMYKA
398
(cyan, yellow, magenta, black, alpha) intensity values as defined by
399
the <B>colorspace</B> and <B>matte</B> keywords. The size of each
400
intensity value depends on the depth of the image. The depth, number
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of bytes, and numeric range of each value are shown in the following
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<TABLE WIDTH=55% BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
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<TH WIDTH=18% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=43% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P>Bytes Per Value</P>
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<TH WIDTH=39% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="8" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>8</P>
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<TD WIDTH=43% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="1" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>1</P>
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<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
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<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="16" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>16</P>
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<TD WIDTH=43% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="2" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>2</P>
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<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
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<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="32" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>32</P>
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<TD WIDTH=43% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="4" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>4</P>
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<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
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<P>The alpha value (if it occurs) represents the degree of pixel
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opacity (zero is totally transparent).</P>
460
<P><B>PseudoClass</B> images (<TT>class=PseudoClass</TT>) are
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colormapped <B>RGB</B> images. The colormap is stored as a series of
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red, green, and blue pixel values. The size of each colormap value
463
depends on the image depth, as shown in the following table:</P>
465
<TABLE WIDTH=80% BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
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<TH WIDTH=18% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=22% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P>Bytes Per Value</P>
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<TH WIDTH=32% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<TH WIDTH=28% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P>Bytes Per Colormap Entry</P>
488
<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="8" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>8</P>
491
<TD WIDTH=22% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="1" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>1</P>
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<TD WIDTH=32% VALIGN=TOP>
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<TD WIDTH=28% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="3" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>3</P>
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<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="16" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>16</P>
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<TD WIDTH=22% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="2" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>2</P>
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<TD WIDTH=32% VALIGN=TOP>
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<TD WIDTH=28% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="6" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>6</P>
516
<TD WIDTH=18% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="32" SDNUM="1033;">
517
<P ALIGN=CENTER>32</P>
519
<TD WIDTH=22% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="4" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>4</P>
522
<TD WIDTH=32% VALIGN=TOP>
525
<TD WIDTH=28% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="12" SDNUM="1033;">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>12</P>
532
<P>The number of colormap entries is defined by the <B>colors</B>
533
keyword. The colormap data occurs immediately following the header
534
(or image directory if the <B>montage</B> keyword is in the header).
535
Immediately following the colormap data is the <B>PseudoClass</B>
536
image data. <B>PseudoClass</B> image data is an array of index values
537
into the color map. The number of bytes comprising the index value
538
depends on the number of <B>colors</B> in the image. The following
539
table shows the number of bytes in each colormap index as determined
540
by the colors keyword:</P>
542
<TABLE WIDTH=72% BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=3>
548
<TH WIDTH=30% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
551
<TH WIDTH=31% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
552
<P>Bytes Per Index</P>
554
<TH WIDTH=39% BGCOLOR="#52799e">
561
<TD WIDTH=30% VALIGN=TOP>
562
<P ALIGN=CENTER><=256</P>
564
<TD WIDTH=31% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="1" SDNUM="1033;">
565
<P ALIGN=CENTER>1</P>
567
<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
572
<TD WIDTH=30% VALIGN=TOP>
573
<P ALIGN=CENTER><=65535</P>
575
<TD WIDTH=31% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="2" SDNUM="1033;">
576
<P ALIGN=CENTER>2</P>
578
<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
583
<TD WIDTH=30% VALIGN=TOP>
584
<P ALIGN=CENTER><=4294967295</P>
586
<TD WIDTH=31% VALIGN=BOTTOM SDVAL="4" SDNUM="1033;">
587
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4</P>
589
<TD WIDTH=39% VALIGN=TOP>
596
<P>If <B>matte</B> is true, each colormap index is immediately
597
followed by an equally-sized alpha value. The alpha value represents
598
the degree of pixel opacity (zero is totally transparent).</P>
599
<P>The image data in a <B>MIFF</B> file may be uncompressed,
600
runlength encoded, <A HREF="ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/src/">Zip</A>
601
compressed, or <A HREF="http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk/">BZip</A>
602
compressed. The <B>compression</B> keyword in the header defines how
603
the image data is compressed. Uncompressed pixels are stored one
604
scanline at a time in row order. Runlength encoded compression counts
605
runs of identical adjacent pixels and stores the pixels followed by a
606
length byte (the number of identical pixels minus 1). Zip and BZip
607
compression compresses each row of an image and precedes the
608
compressed row with the length of compressed pixel bytes as a word in
609
most significant byte first order.
611
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A NAME="auth"></A><B>MIFF</B> files
612
may contain more than one image. Simply concatenate each individual
613
image (composed of a header and image data) into one file.
615
<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2>
617
<TD BGCOLOR="#52799e">
618
<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="../images/right_triangle.png" NAME="Graphic3" ALT=">" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=14 BORDER=0><B><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial"><FONT COLOR="#ffffff">Authors</FONT></FONT></B></P>
622
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I>John Cristy</I>,
623
<A HREF="mailto:magick@imagemagick.org"><I>magick@imagemagick.org</I></A><B>GraphicsMagick
625
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A NAME="copy"></A><BR>
627
<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2>
629
<TD BGCOLOR="#52799e">
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="../images/right_triangle.png" NAME="Graphic4" ALT=">" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=14 BORDER=0><B><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial"><FONT COLOR="#ffffff">Copyright</FONT></FONT></B></P>
634
<P>Copyright (C) 2002 GraphicsMagick Group
636
<P>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
637
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
638
("GraphicsMagick"), to deal in GraphicsMagick without
639
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
640
modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
641
GraphicsMagick, and to permit persons to whom the GraphicsMagick is
642
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
644
<P>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
645
included in all copies or substantial portions of GraphicsMagick.
647
<P>The software is provided "as is", without warranty of
648
any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the
649
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and
650
noninfringement.In no event shall GraphicsMagick Group be liable for
651
any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of
652
contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection
653
with GraphicsMagick or the use or other dealings in GraphicsMagick.
655
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Except as contained in this notice, the
656
name of the GraphicsMagick Group shall not be used in advertising or
657
otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in
658
GraphicsMagick without prior written authorization from the
659
GraphicsMagick Studio.
662
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="Copyright.html"><FONT SIZE=3>Copyright</FONT></A><FONT SIZE=3>
663
<FONT FACE="Abadi Mt Condensed Extra Bold">©</FONT>
664
GraphicsMagick Group 2002, 2003, 2004</FONT></P>
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