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audio engineering on the Linux platform.">
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<meta name="keywords" content="TAP-plugins TAP Reverb Editor
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Reverberator Equalizer EQ Vibrato Tremolo Echo Tom Szilagyi LADSPA
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JACK Plugin Linux Audio">
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<meta name="author" content="Tom Szilagyi">
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<font size="+2" color=#004060><b>TAP</b>-plugins</font><br>
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<font color=#004060>Tom's Audio Processing plugins</font><br>
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<font size="-1" color=#004060><i>for audio engineering on the Linux
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<a href="../index.html">[ Home ]</a>
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<a href="../ladspa.html">[ LADSPA plugins ]</a>
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<a href="../reverbed.html">[ TAP Reverb Editor ]</a>
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<a href="releases.html">[ Releases ]</a>
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<a href="cvs.html">[ CVS ]</a>
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<a href="general.html">[ General Info ]</a>
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<a href="manuals.html">[ Plugin Manuals ]</a>
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<a href="autopan.html">[ TAP AutoPanner ]</a>
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<a href="chorusflanger.html">[ TAP Chorus/Flanger ]</a>
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<a href="deesser.html">[ TAP DeEsser ]</a>
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<a href="dynamics.html">[ TAP Dynamics (Mono & Stereo) ]</a>
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<a href="eq.html">[ TAP Equalizer and TAP Equalizer/BW ]</a>
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<a href="doubler.html">[ TAP Fractal Doubler ]</a>
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<a href="pinknoise.html">[ TAP Pink/Fractal Noise ]</a>
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<a href="pitch.html">[ TAP Pitch Shifter ]</a>
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<a href="reflector.html">[ TAP Reflector ]</a>
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<a href="reverb.html">[ TAP Reverberator ]</a>
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<a href="rotspeak.html">[ TAP Rotary Speaker ]</a>
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<a href="limiter.html">[ TAP Scaling Limiter ]</a>
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<a href="sigmoid.html">[ TAP Sigmoid Booster ]</a>
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<a href="echo.html">[ TAP Stereo Echo ]</a>
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<a href="tremolo.html">[ TAP Tremolo ]</a>
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<a href="tubewarmth.html">[ TAP TubeWarmth ]</a>
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<a href="vibrato.html">[ TAP Vibrato ]</a>
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<h2>TAP Stereo Echo</h2>
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<img src="tap_echo.png" alt="[TAP Stereo Echo GUI as shown in Ardour]">
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This plugin supports conventional mono and stereo delays, ping-pong
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delays and the Haas effect (also known as Cross Delay Stereo). A
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relatively simple yet quite effective plugin.
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<h3>General information</h3>
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1">
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<tr><th align="left">Unique ID</th><td>2143</td>
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<tr><th align="left">I/O ports</th><td>2 inputs / 2 outputs</td>
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<tr><th align="left">CPU usage (44.1 kHz)</th><td>0.4%</td>
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<tr><th align="left">CPU usage (96 kHz)</th><td>0.8%</td>
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<tr><th align="left">Hard RT Capable</th><td>Yes</td></tr>
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<tr><th align="left">In-place operation</th><td>Supported</td>
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<tr><th align="left">run_adding() function</th><td>Provided</td>
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If you want to create a conventional mono or stereo delay, all you
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have to do is set the delay times and feedback ratios for the two
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input channels. If the feedback is set to zero, then only one delay of
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the input is created (as if a traditional tape delay was used). When
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feedback is greater than zero, the same bit of audio is sent back and
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delayed over and over again, with decreasing amplitudes. In this case
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the decay time is dependent of the feedback value.
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When you turn the Cross Mode switch on, the feedback loops are being
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feeded by the delayed signal of the opposite input channel. A sound
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coming from the left input channel will be delayed by the Left Delay
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time value, but the output of the left delay ringbuffer will be sent
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back to the right input (instead of the left) with regard to the right
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channel's feedback setting. In Cross mode, a sound appearing at one
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input will be bouncing between the two output channels, hence the
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popular name "ping-pong delay". If you use this effect with high delay
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times and feedback values, even the dumbest listener will notice that
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A third effect achievable with this plugin is the so-called Haas
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effect. This effect is founded by the following psycho-acoustic
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experience: if a sound reaches one ear, and the same sound reaches the
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other ear but with a time shift of 15-40 milliseconds, only one sound
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is heard, but with a spatial feeling. The Haas effect (also known as
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Cross Delay Stereo, which refers to the means by which the effect is
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created) is widely used by mixing engineers to avoid their mixes being
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"pan-potted mono", or to "stretch out" their otherwise mono guitar,
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vocal etc. tracks in space. This effect is a great alternative to
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reverberation (although it produces a noticeably different quality).
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border"1" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
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<h3>How to create the Haas effect</h3>
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It only makes sense to create the Haas effect on a mono track. On a
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stereo track, you should apply a cross or normal stereo echo instead.
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To create the Haas effect on a mono track, follow these steps.
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1. Switch on the "Cross Mode" and "Haas Effect" controls of the
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plugin. The "Haas Effect" switch will mute the second (right) input
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channel, because when applied to a mono track, the plugin receives the
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same mono data on both inputs and this would kill the Haas effect
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(this topic was discussed in the section about
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<a href="general.html#routing">signal routing</a>).<br>
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2. Set the "R/Haas Delay" time to 15-40 milliseconds. The bigger this
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setting, the wider the mono track will "stretch out". But if you
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increase the Haas delay above a certain threshold, the listener will begin
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to hear two separate sounds shifted in time instead of the Haas effect
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(which is actually the case at lower delays as well, but the feeling is
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something completely different).<br>
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3. Set the "R/Haas Feedback" near 100% (above 80% will do).<br>
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4. "Left Feedback" shouldn't be very large (stay below 50%) or the
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ping-pong delay which makes up the Haas effect will not decay in a
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short time, and this will create a very unpleasant sound.<br>
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5. Set the "L Delay" time as you see fit.<br>
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6. The sound of a mono track "streched out" in space with the Haas
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effect tends to have some directionality (the listener feels the
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sound source is a bit nearer to the right side than the left, or vice
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versa). If the sound of the track would fit into your overall mix better
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with the left and right sides swapped, you can do this by switching
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"Swap Outputs" on.<br>
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7. Mute the direct sound (set "Dry Level" to -70 dB). It is not needed
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<h3>Summary of user controls</h3>
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1">
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<tr><th>name</th><th>min. value</th><th>default value</th><th>max. value</th></tr>
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<tr align="center"><td>L Delay [ms]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>L Feedback [%]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>R/Haas Delay [ms]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>R/Haas Feedback [%]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>L Echo Level [dB]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>R Echo Level [dB]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>Dry Level [dB]</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>Cross Mode</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>Haas Effect</td>
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<tr align="center"><td>Swap Outputs</td>
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The maximum delay time (which is currently 2000 ms) can be set to a
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greater value in <code>tap_echo.c</code> if needed. When activating
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the plugin, memory is allocated for a ringbuffer which is large enough
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to contain audio as long as this value. Because this amount of memory
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is proportional to the maximum delay, it is not desirable to set it to
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a very large value if you don't want to actually use it since you will
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be only wasting memory. (This waste will be temporary of course, since
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memory is freed when the host deactivates the plugin -- that is, when
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you remove it from the mixer/patchbay/whatever your host has.)
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$Id: echo.html,v 1.3 2004/08/17 13:05:16 tszilagyi Exp $
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