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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!ENTITY % kde SYSTEM "../../libs/kde.ent">
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<!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">
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<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
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<!ENTITY language "en">
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<article id="add-applications" status="complete">
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<title>Adding, Removing and Updating Applications</title>
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This chapter is a complete guide to adding, removing and updating
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applications on a Kubuntu system.
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<title>Universe and Multiverse Repositories by Default</title>
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Now with Kubuntu &distro-rev; the <emphasis>Universe</emphasis> and
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<emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis> repositories are enabled by default.
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<sect1 id="intro" status="complete">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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There are several ways to manage your applications in Kubuntu. In
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order to add or remove applications you need to use a
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<emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. The following package
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managers are described in this chapter:
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<title>Graphical Clients</title>
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<term><application>Add/Remove Programs</application></term>
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(&menuar;) - The simplest way to add or remove programs.
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<term><application>Adept</application></term>
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(&menuadept;) - A graphical program providing an advanced way of managing
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<title>Command Line Utilities</title>
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<term><application>apt</application></term>
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(Advanced Package Tool) is a management system for software packages.
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<term><application>Aptitude</application></term>
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A text-based, high-level interface to <application>apt</application>.
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You may also wish to increase the number of programs available to
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install through your package managers. Not all the programs that exist for
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Kubuntu are installed by default.
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Finally, this chapter explains how to update your system.
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You can only have one package management application running at a time. For
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example, if you are running <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> and
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try to launch <application>Adept</application>, it will fail with an error.
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Close the running application before you relaunch the new one.
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<!-- ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMS -->
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<sect1 id="addremove" status="complete">
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<title>Add/Remove Programs</title>
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<application>Add/Remove Programs</application> is a simple graphical way of
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installing and removing applications in Kubuntu. To launch
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<application>Add/Remove Programs</application>, choose &menuar; from the desktop
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Running <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> requires administrative
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To install new applications select the category on the left, then check the box
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of the applications you want to install. Click <guimenu>Apply</guimenu> and your
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chosen programs will be downloaded and installed automatically, as well as
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installing any additional applications that are required. The default selection
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is restricted to the KDE suite, but GNOME applications can be installed by
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selecting them from the dropdown menu at the top.
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Alternatively, if you know the name of the program you want, use the
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<guibutton>Search</guibutton> tool at the top.
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<sect1 id="adept" status="complete">
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<title>Adept Package Manager</title>
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&appshort; is a graphical frontend to the <application>APT</application> package
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management system for the K Desktop Environment (KDE). &appshort; provides an
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easy-to-use interface with which users can perform software management
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<title>Starting &appshort;</title>
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<varlistentry><term>From KMenu</term>
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Go to &menuadept;. When prompted for a password type your user password and
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press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
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<varlistentry><term>From the command line</term>
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From the command line type <userinput>kdesu adept_manager</userinput> and press
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<keycap>Enter</keycap>. When prompted for a password type your user password
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and press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
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Both methods require that you enter your password. This will run &appshort; with
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root privileges which will be required in order to perform the requested
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operations. It is therefore advised that you use &appshort; with caution since
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improper usage could lead to the removal, deletion, or corruption of software
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packages that are required to preserve system integrity.
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<title>Installing an application using the Adept Manager</title>
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From within the <application>Adept Manager</application> utilize the
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<guilabel>Search</guilabel> text box underneath the toolbar by typing in what
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you are searching for.
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Once you have located the application you wish to install, select the package
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and press the <guibutton>Request Install</guibutton> button. You can also
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<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on the package and select
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<guilabel>Request Install</guilabel> from the menu.
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When you have the application(s) selected for installation, press the
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<guibutton>Apply Changes</guibutton> button in the toolbar.
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After installation has completed close <application>Adept Manager</application>.
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<sect1 id="apt" status="complete">
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<application>APT</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package
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management system, on which the graphical programs <application>Add/Remove
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Programs</application> and <application>Adept</application> are based.
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<application>APT</application> automatically handles dependencies and performs
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other operations on system packages to allow the installation of the desired
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Running <application>APT</application> requires administrative privileges.
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Some common commands that can be used with <application>APT</application>:
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<screen>sudo apt-get install <emphasis>packagename</emphasis></screen>
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<screen>sudo apt-get remove <emphasis>packagename</emphasis></screen>
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<screen>apt-cache search <emphasis>keyword</emphasis></screen>
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Retrieve new lists of available packages:
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<screen>sudo apt-get update</screen>
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Upgrade system with available updates:
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<screen>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</screen>
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List further commands and options:
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<screen>apt-get help</screen>
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For further information about the use of <application>APT</application>, you can
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read the comprehensive <ulink url="&debian-apt;">Debian APT User Manual</ulink>.
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<sect1 id="aptitude" status="complete">
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<title>Aptitude</title>
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<application>Aptitude</application> is another command line front end to
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<application>apt</application>. <application>Aptitude</application> allows you
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to interactively choose packages for removal or installation from a list of
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available packages. <application>Aptitude</application> allows for a more
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advanced approach and at times a more functional approach to managing
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applications via the command line.
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<!-- MANUAL INSTALLATION -->
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<sect1 id="manual-install" status="complete">
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<title>Manual Installation</title>
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Although the preferred method of installing programs is via the package managers
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described in <xref linkend="add-applications"/>, you can also download and
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install individual package files containing software. There are many different
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kinds of Linux package files. Most of these are associated with the package
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managers of specific Linux distributions.
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If you find a packaged application that you wish to install, it is recommended
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that you check if there is a native Kubuntu package of the application available
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through a package manager, and that you install that version instead. This
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guarantees that the program is completely compatible with your system. If there
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is no package available through the package manager, you can install it
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manually. The installation procedure depends on the type of package file.
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<sect2 id="debfile-install" status="complete">
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<title>Install/Uninstall .deb files</title>
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The package files associated with Kubuntu have the <emphasis>.deb</emphasis>
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suffix because of Kubuntu's close relation to the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
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You can download and install individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> files. You
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will need administrative privileges to do this.
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To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton>Right</mousebutton> click on the
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.deb file, and choose
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<guimenu>Kubuntu Package Menu</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Install Package</guimenuitem>
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Alternatively, you can also install a .deb file by opening a terminal and
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<screen>sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb</screen>
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To uninstall a .deb file, remove it using <application>Adept</application>, or
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<screen>sudo apt-get remove package_name</screen>
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<sect2 id="alien" status="complete">
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<title>Convert .rpm files to .deb files</title>
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Another type of package files is Red Hat Package
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Manager Files which have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
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suffix. It is not recommended to install these on an
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Kubuntu system. In almost all cases, a native Kubuntu
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<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package is available.
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However, if absolutely necessary, an
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<emphasis>.rpm</emphasis> file can be converted to a
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<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using the program
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<application>alien</application>.
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<title>Installation of Alien</title>
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Open <application>Adept Manager</application> by going to &menuadept;.
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When prompted to enter a password, enter your user password and press
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<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
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Locate the <guilabel>Search</guilabel> box just under the buttons at the top of
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the window and type <userinput>alien</userinput>.
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Locate the package named <application>alien</application> and
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select it. Press the <guibutton>Request Install</guibutton> button.
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Locate the the <guibutton>Apply Changes</guibutton> button in the top toolbar
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Once the installation has completed close <application>Adept
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Manager</application>.
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<title>Using alien</title>
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Open <application>Konsole</application> by going to &menukonsole;.
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At the command prompt type <userinput>sudo alien package_file.rpm</userinput>
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and press the <keycap>Enter</keycap> key.
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For more information on <application>alien</application>, type <userinput>man
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alien</userinput> at the command prompt. When complete, press
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<sect2 id="tarball-install" status="complete">
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<title>Install from Source</title>
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Files with the <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis> or <emphasis>.tar.bz2</emphasis>
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suffix are package files known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> or
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<emphasis>source</emphasis> packages which are widely used in Linux. If there is
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no native Kubuntu package available in any of the Kubuntu repositories, you can
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try to compile the package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at
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the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling
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Software</ulink> page on the Ubuntu Wiki.
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<!-- EXTRA REPOSITORIES -->
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<sect1 id="repos" status="complete">
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<title>Managing Repositories</title>
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<sect2 id="repos-info" status="complete">
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<title>What are Repositories?</title>
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There are thousands of programs freely available to install on Kubuntu. These
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programs are stored in software archives (<emphasis>repositories</emphasis>) and
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are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy
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to install new programs in Kubuntu, and it is also very secure, because each
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program you install is built specially for Kubuntu and checked before it is
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installed. To organize the software, Kubuntu repositories are categorized
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<listitem><para>Main</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Restricted</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Universe</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Multiverse</para></listitem>
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The rationale used to determine which software goes into which category is based
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The level of support software development teams provide for a program
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The level of compliance the program has to the <ulink
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url="&ubuntu-philosophy;">Free Software Philosophy</ulink>
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You can find more information about the Repositories available on the <ulink
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url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">Ubuntu website</ulink>.
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The standard Kubuntu Install CD contains some software from the
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<emphasis>Main</emphasis> and <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> categories. Once
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your system is made aware of the Internet-based locations for these
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repositories, many more programs are made available for installation. Using the
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software package management tools already installed on your system, you can
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search for, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet,
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without the need for the CD.
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<sect2 id="repos-addremove" status="complete">
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<title>Adding or Removing Repositories</title>
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<para>To enable extra repositories:</para>
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<para>Start <application>Adept</application> by choosing &menuadept;.</para>
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<guimenu>Adept</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Manage Repositories</guimenuitem>
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in the <application>Adept</application> package manager window.
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To add an extra repository, insert the repository information in the
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<guilabel>New Repository:</guilabel> text box like <screen>deb
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http://repository_location feisty main</screen> and then press the
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<guibutton>Add</guibutton> button. To finalize your additions press the
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<guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button and then the <guibutton>Close</guibutton>
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To remove a repository, select the repository you want to remove and then press
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the <guibutton>Reset</guibutton> button. Once complete go ahead and press the
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<guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
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<sect1 id="updating" status="complete">
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<title>Updating</title>
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Sometimes the Kubuntu developers release feature and security updates for
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applications and packages within the Kubuntu system.
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When these updates are available, Kubuntu will inform you with a red warning
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icon in the system tray. To update your system, click the red button, enter your
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password and click <guibutton>Fetch List of Updates</guibutton>.
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The <application>Adept Updater</application> program will list the available
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updates: to download and install these updates click <guibutton>Apply
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Updates</guibutton>. Kubuntu will then download and install the available
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updates from the Internet.
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When <application>Adept Updater</application> has finished updating your system,
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close the pop-up window by clicking the <guibutton>Quit</guibutton> button.
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<para>After installing some important updates, it may be necessary to
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restart your computer. If so, Kubuntu will inform you with a pop up and an icon
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kubuntu/add-applications/C/add-applications.xml
