~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/karmic/mdbtools/karmic

This guide is intended to provide help with installing and configuring the <productname>MDB Tools</productname> suite of programs. It is a work in progress and the author will happily accept new material, clarifications, or other enhancements in any format. Patches to the original DocBook format can be uploaded to the SourceForge patch area under the <ulink url="http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/mdbtools">MDB Tools project page</ulink>. Changes in plain text and other formats can be submitted directly to the mailing list or the author.

</para>

<para>

A few technical notes. This guide is written in SGML DocBook format, specifications for which are found in the <ulink url="http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/docbook.html">DocBook book</ulink>. It was converted to HTML with <ulink url="http://openjade.sourceforge.net">OpenJade</ulink>.

The document you are reading is version

$Revision: 1.3 $

, dated

$Date: 2004/02/08 18:41:07 $ (CVS control number $Id: install.sgml,v 1.3 2004/02/08 18:41:07 brianb Exp $). The most recent version can be found on the <productname>MDB Tools</productname>

<ulink url="http://mdbtools.sourceforge.net/userguide/">web site</ulink>.

</para>

</preface>

<title>What is <productname>MDB Tools</productname>?</title>

<para>

<productname>MDB Tools</productname> is a suite of libraries and programs to facilitate the use of Microsoft Access databases, also known as Jet databases after the Microsoft's Jet Database Engine or as MDB databases after the .mdb extension used by the file containing the database.

</para>

<para>

<productname>MDB Tools</productname>is open source software (also known as free software if you prefer) which means source code is provided under a license which allows you as a user to modify and redistribute the software. In particular, the libraries that come with <productname>MDB Tools</productname> are licensed under the Gnu LGPL (Lesser General Public License) and the utility programs, graphical interface, and miscellania are licensed under the Gnu GPL (General Public License). More information about these licenses can be found in the <filename>COPYING.LIB</filename> and <filename>COPYING</filename> files distributed with <productname>MDB Tools</productname> or from the <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org">Gnu site</ulink>.

</para>

<para>

</para>

</chapter>

<title>Components of the <productname>MDB Tools</productname> Suite</title>

<para>

<productname>MDB Tools</productname> is composed of three libraries, a set of command line utilities and a graphical interface.

</para>

<title>LibMDB</title>

<para>

libmdb is the lowest level library. It handles the details of reading from and writing to the MDB file format. Atop this library sits all the other functionality of <productname>MDB Tools</productname>.

</para>

<para>

A complete description of libmdb will be available in the forthcoming <productname>MDB Tools</productname> Programmer's Guide. For now you can look at the utility programs for a general idea of how to use the API, it's fairly straightforward.

</para>

</sect1>

<title>Command Line Utilities</title>

<para>

<productname>MDB Tools</productname> comes with a set of command line utilties that allow mdb files to be used in shell scripting, extraction to another database, and similar functions. Each program is documented in its man page. A brief synopsis follows.

<table>

<title>MDB Utilities</title>

<thead>

<row>

<entry>Description</entry>

</row>

</thead>

<tbody>

<row>

<entry>mdb-tables</entry>

<entry>list tables in the specified file</entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry>mdb-schema</entry>

<entry>generate schema DDL for the specified file</entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry>mdb-export</entry>

<entry>generate CSV style output for a table</entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry>display the version of the specified file</entry>

</row>

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<row>

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<entry>mdb-header</entry>

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<entry>support for using MDB data in C</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>mdb-parsecsv</entry>

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<entry>support for using MDB data in C</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>command line SQL query tool</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</table>

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>LibMDBSQL (the SQL Engine)</title>

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<para>

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LibMDBSQL is an SQL engine which provides a subset of the SQL query language to access MDB databases. It is used with the ODBC driver, by the mdb-sql utility, and by the query window in gmdb2.

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</para>

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<para>

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For a description of the supported SQL, see the mdb-sql man page.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>LibMDBODBC</title>

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<para>

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LibMDBODBC is an ODBC driver that works with the unixODBC driver manager to allow MDB Tools to work with such programs as PHP and Perl (via DBD::ODBC). At the time of this writing, the breadth of coverage for the driver is rather limited. If you have specific problems with it, please contact the list and they can most likely be resolved.

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</para>

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<para>

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The ODBC driver relies on LibMDB and LibMDBSQL.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<para>

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Gmdb2 is a graphical interface to the functionality of MDB Tools. Its interface resembles that of access with a tabbed interface to each of the object types in the database (tables, queries, forms, etc...). Additonally, it sports an SQL Query window, and a file debugger useful for developers or anybody interested in examining the dark secrets of the MDB file format.

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</para>

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<para>

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For information on how to use gmdb2, see the manual under the Help menu.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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</chapter>

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<title>Requirements</title>

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<para>

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<productname>MDB Tools</productname> like most packages has some requirements for libraries and such on your system. Most of them are optional and will turn off certain features if not present.

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</para>

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<title>Requirements Matrix</title>

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<para>

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The following matrix lists all requirements and which features they affect. An X in the major feature categories (SQL, ODBC, gmdb2) means these features will be turned off if the prequisite is not found.

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</para>

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<table>

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<title>Prerequisites</title>

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>Source</entry>

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<entry>Notes</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry>Absolutely required, will not install without</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>readline</entry>

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<entry><ulink url="http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/readline/rltop.html">http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/readline/rltop.html</ulink></entry>

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<entry>Supports history in mdb-sql, will compile without history if not found.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>bison</entry>

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<entry>gmdb2 will not have a SQL window and mdb-sql will be stubbed out.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>gmdb2 will not have a SQL window and mdb-sql will be stubbed out.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>unixODBC</entry>

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<entry><ulink url="http://www.unixodbc.com">www.unixodbc.com</ulink></entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>Gnome 2.0</entry>

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<entry><ulink url="http://www.gnome.org">www.gnome.org</ulink></entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>libglade</entry>

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<entry><ulink url="http://www.gnome.org">www.gnome.org</ulink></entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>wordexp</entry>

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<entry>Part of the OS, without it ~ expansion in SQL engine will be disabled</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</table>

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</sect1>

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</chapter>

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<title>Installation Options</title>

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<para>

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<productname>MDB Tools</productname> call be installed from binaries or by compiling the source package.

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</para>

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<para>

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RPMs are made available for major releases (not including pre-release or release candidates). The RPM packages are split up along feature boundaries with a core package, a development package, an ODBC package, and a graphical package. To install, simply log in as root and run the following.

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rpm -i mdbtools-0.5-1.rpm</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rpm -i mdbtools-devel-0.5-1.rpm</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rpm -i mdbtools-odbc-0.5-1.rpm</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rpm -i mdbtools-gui-0.5-1.rpm</userinput>

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</screen>

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>Other Binary Packages</title>

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<para>

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Packages for other systems (debian, bsd ports, etc...) may be available, check with your OS vendor.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>Source</title>

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<para>

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If none of the binary options are available to you, or if you prefer, you can configure and compile from the source packages. The next chapter will demonstrate that.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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</chapter>

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<title>Installing from Source</title>

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<para>

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There are three basic steps to installing from source

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</para>

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<listitem><para>configuring</para></listitem>

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<listitem><para>building</para></listitem>

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<listitem><para>installing</para></listitem>

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</orderedlist>

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<title>Configuring from the tarball</title>

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<para>

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If you are installing a release or snapshot tarball follow these steps. These steps assume the tarballs name is <filename>mdbtools-0.5.tgz</filename>.

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>zcat mdbtools-0.5.tgz | tar xvf -</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd mdbtools-0.5</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>./configure</userinput>

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</screen>

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If you want to include ODBC support, use the --with-unixodbc argument with the location you installed it to (<filename>/usr/local</filename> by default).

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>zcat mdbtools-0.5.tgz | tar xvf -</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd mdbtools-0.5</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>./configure --with-unixodbc=/usr/local</userinput>

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</screen>

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>Configuring from CVS</title>

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<para>

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If you are looking for the very latest code you can check out it out of CVS and compile. The configure step uses the <filename>autogen.sh</filename> script so it's a bit different.

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/mdbtools login</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/mdbtools co</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd mdbtools</userinput>

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>./autogen.sh --with-unixodbc=/usr/local</userinput>

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</screen>

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Again, if you don't want ODBC support remove the --with-unixodbc flag.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>Building</title>

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<para>

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Once you are finished configuring simply type <command>make</command> to build.

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</screen>

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>Installing</title>

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<para>

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To install, sign in as root and type <command>make install</command>

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<prompt># </prompt><userinput>make install</userinput>

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</screen>

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</para>

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</sect1>

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</chapter>

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<title>Post Install Configuration</title>

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<para>

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There are a couple of things that can be configured in the package.

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</para>

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<title>MDBPATH</title>

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<para>

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If you store your MDB files together in directories you can use the MDBPATH environment variable to have <productname>MDB Tools</productname> search the path similiar to PATH, MANPATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or LIBPATH), etc... Like those, the : (colon) is used as a separator.

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</para>

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<para>

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If you run sh, ksh, or bash

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>MDBPATH=/home/myuser/mdbfiles:/data/mdbfiles ; export MDBPATH</userinput>

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</screen>

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If you run csh or tcsh

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<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>setenv MDBPATH /home/myuser/mdbfiles:/data/mdbfiles</userinput>

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</screen>

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This will cause <productname>MDB Tools</productname> to first attempt to open the file using the filename or path provided (current directory or absolute path), then to walk through each entry in the MDBPATH file looking for it. It will stop at the first match.

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</para>

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<para>

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The MDBPATH variable affects all utilities and any program calling mdb_open().

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</para>

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</sect1>

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<para>

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In order to use ODBC you must place an entry in the <filename>odbc.ini</filename> file.

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</para>

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[Northwind]

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Description = Northwind Sample Database

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Driver = /usr/local/lib/libmdbodbc.so

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Database = /data/mdbfiles/Northwind.mdb

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</programlisting>

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</example>

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<para>

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Consult the unixODBC documentation for full details.

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</para>

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</sect1>

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</chapter>

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<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>

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<!-- sect1>

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<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title -->

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<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>

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59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>

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</blockquote>

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<title>PREAMBLE</title>

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<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,

394

or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to

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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,

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with or without modifying it, either commercially or

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noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the

398

author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not

399

being considered responsible for modifications made by

400

others.</para>

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<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that

403

derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the

404

same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which

405

is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>

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<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals

408

for free software, because free software needs free documentation:

409

a free program should come with manuals providing the same

410

freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited

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to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,

412

regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a

413

printed book. We recommend this License principally for works

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whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>

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<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that

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contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be

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distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",

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below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the

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public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>

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<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work

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containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied

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verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another

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language.</para>

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<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter

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section of the Document that deals exclusively with the

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relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the

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Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains

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The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with

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<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections

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whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,

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in the notice that says that the Document is released under this

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License.</para>

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<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that

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are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the

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notice that says that the Document is released under this

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<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a

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machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification

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and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text

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is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic

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formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format

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whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent

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modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not

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"Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>

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<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include

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plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input

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format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and

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standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.

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Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that

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or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally

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available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word

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processors for output purposes only.</para>

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<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page

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the material this License requires to appear in the title page.

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For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,

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"Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of

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the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the

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text.</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>

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<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,

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either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this

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License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and

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distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for

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copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you

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must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>

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<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated

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above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>

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<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more

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you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and

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copying in other respects.</para>

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<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to

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<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document

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machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or

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state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible

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distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or

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retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>

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<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the

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authors of the Document well before redistributing any large

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number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an

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updated version of the Document.</para>

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</sect1>

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<title>MODIFICATIONS</title>

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<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the

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Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided

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that you release the Modified Version under precisely this

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License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the

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Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the

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Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,

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you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>

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<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page

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(and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the

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Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if

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there were any, be listed in the History section of the

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Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if

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the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,

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as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for

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authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,

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together with at least five of the principal authors of the

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Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than

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five).</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>State on the Title page

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the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the

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publisher.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Preserve all the

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Add an appropriate

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Include, immediately

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after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public

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permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this

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License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Preserve in that license

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notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover

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Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Include an unaltered

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copy of this License.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Preserve the section

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entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating

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at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the

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Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no

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section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating

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on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified

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Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Preserve the network

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location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a

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Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network

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locations given in the Document for previous versions it was

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based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You

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may omit a network location for a work that was published at

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least four years before the Document itself, or if the original

619

publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>In any section entitled

623

"Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's

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title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of

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each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications

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given therein.</para>

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</listitem>

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<listitem><para>Preserve all the

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Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and

631

in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not

632

considered part of the section titles.</para>

633

</listitem>

634

635

<listitem><para>Delete any section

636

entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in

637

the Modified Version.</para>

638

</listitem>

639

640

<listitem><para>Do not retitle any

641

existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with

642

any Invariant Section.</para>

643

</listitem>

644

</orderedlist>

645

646

<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections

647

or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no

648

material copied from the Document, you may at your option

649

designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,

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add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified

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Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any

652

other section titles.</para>

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654

<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it

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contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by

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various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that

657

the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative

658

definition of a standard.</para>

659

660

<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover

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Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the

662

end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one

663

passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be

664

added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the

665

Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,

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previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity

667

you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may

668

replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous

669

publisher that added the old one.</para>

670

671

<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by

672

this License give permission to use their names for publicity for

673

or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>

674

</sect1>

675

676

677

<title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>

678

679

<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released

680

under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for

681

modified versions, provided that you include in the combination

682

all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,

683

unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your

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combined work in its license notice.</para>

685

686

<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this

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License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced

688

with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with

689

the same name but different contents, make the title of each such

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section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the

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name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,

692

or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section

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titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of

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the combined work.</para>

695

696

<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled

697

"History" in the various original documents, forming one section

698

entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled

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"Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You

700

must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>

701

</sect1>

702

703

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<title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>

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<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and

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other documents released under this License, and replace the

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individual copies of this License in the various documents with a

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single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you

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follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of

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the documents in all other respects.</para>

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713

<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,

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and distribute it individually under this License, provided you

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insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and

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follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim

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copying of that document.</para>

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</sect1>

719

720

721

<title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>

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723

<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other

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separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of

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a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a

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Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation

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728

called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the

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other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on

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account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves

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derivative works of the Document.</para>

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733

<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to

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these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than

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one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts

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may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the

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aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole

738

aggregate.</para>

739

</sect1>

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741

742

<title>TRANSLATION</title>

743

744

<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may

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distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section

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4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires

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special permission from their copyright holders, but you may

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include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition

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to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may

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include a translation of this License provided that you also

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include the original English version of this License. In case of

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a disagreement between the translation and the original English

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version of this License, the original English version will

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prevail.</para>

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</sect1>

756

757

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<title>TERMINATION</title>

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760

<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the

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Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any

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other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the

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Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights

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under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or

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rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses

766

terminated so long as such parties remain in full

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compliance.</para>

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</sect1>

769

770

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<title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>

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773

<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised

774

versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.

775

Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present

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version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or

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concerns. See <ulink

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url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>

779

780

<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing

781

version number. If the Document specifies that a particular

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numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to

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it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions

784

either of that specified version or of any later version that has

785

been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

786

If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,

787

you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the

788

Free Software Foundation.</para>

789

</sect1>

790

791

792

<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>

793

794

<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include

795

a copy of the License in the document and put the following

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797

798

799

800

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

801

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1

802

or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

803

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the

804

Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

805

A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

806

Free Documentation License".

807

</para></blockquote>

808

809

<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant

810

Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have

811

no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of

812

"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover

813

Texts.</para>

814

815

<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program

816

code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your

817

choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public

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License, to permit their use in free software.</para>

819

</sect1>

820

821

</appendix>

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