2
/* Written by Dr Stephen N Henson (steve@openssl.org) for the OpenSSL
5
/* ====================================================================
6
* Copyright (c) 1999-2008 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
17
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
20
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
21
* software must display the following acknowledgment:
22
* "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
23
* for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
25
* 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
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* endorse or promote products derived from this software without
27
* prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
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* licensing@OpenSSL.org.
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* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
31
* nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
32
* permission of the OpenSSL Project.
34
* 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
36
* "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
37
* for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
39
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
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* EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
41
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
42
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
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* ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
44
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
47
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
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* STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
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* OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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* ====================================================================
58
#include <openssl/rand.h>
59
#include <openssl/x509.h>
60
#include <openssl/asn1.h>
61
#include <openssl/asn1t.h>
63
/* Generalised MIME like utilities for streaming ASN1. Although many
64
* have a PKCS7/CMS like flavour others are more general purpose.
67
/* MIME format structures
68
* Note that all are translated to lower case apart from
69
* parameter values. Quotes are stripped off
73
char *param_name; /* Param name e.g. "micalg" */
74
char *param_value; /* Param value e.g. "sha1" */
77
DECLARE_STACK_OF(MIME_PARAM)
78
IMPLEMENT_STACK_OF(MIME_PARAM)
81
char *name; /* Name of line e.g. "content-type" */
82
char *value; /* Value of line e.g. "text/plain" */
83
STACK_OF(MIME_PARAM) *params; /* Zero or more parameters */
86
DECLARE_STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER)
87
IMPLEMENT_STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER)
89
static char * strip_ends(char *name);
90
static char * strip_start(char *name);
91
static char * strip_end(char *name);
92
static MIME_HEADER *mime_hdr_new(char *name, char *value);
93
static int mime_hdr_addparam(MIME_HEADER *mhdr, char *name, char *value);
94
static STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *mime_parse_hdr(BIO *bio);
95
static int mime_hdr_cmp(const MIME_HEADER * const *a,
96
const MIME_HEADER * const *b);
97
static int mime_param_cmp(const MIME_PARAM * const *a,
98
const MIME_PARAM * const *b);
99
static void mime_param_free(MIME_PARAM *param);
100
static int mime_bound_check(char *line, int linelen, char *bound, int blen);
101
static int multi_split(BIO *bio, char *bound, STACK_OF(BIO) **ret);
102
static int strip_eol(char *linebuf, int *plen);
103
static MIME_HEADER *mime_hdr_find(STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *hdrs, char *name);
104
static MIME_PARAM *mime_param_find(MIME_HEADER *hdr, char *name);
105
static void mime_hdr_free(MIME_HEADER *hdr);
107
#define MAX_SMLEN 1024
108
#define mime_debug(x) /* x */
110
/* Base 64 read and write of ASN1 structure */
112
static int B64_write_ASN1(BIO *out, ASN1_VALUE *val, BIO *in, int flags,
117
b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
120
ASN1err(ASN1_F_B64_WRITE_ASN1,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
123
/* prepend the b64 BIO so all data is base64 encoded.
125
out = BIO_push(b64, out);
126
r = ASN1_item_i2d_bio(it, out, val);
127
(void)BIO_flush(out);
133
static ASN1_VALUE *b64_read_asn1(BIO *bio, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
137
if(!(b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64()))) {
138
ASN1err(ASN1_F_B64_READ_ASN1,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
141
bio = BIO_push(b64, bio);
142
val = ASN1_item_d2i_bio(it, bio, NULL);
144
ASN1err(ASN1_F_B64_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_DECODE_ERROR);
145
(void)BIO_flush(bio);
151
/* Generate the MIME "micalg" parameter from RFC3851, RFC4490 */
153
static int asn1_write_micalg(BIO *out, STACK_OF(X509_ALGOR) *mdalgs)
155
int i, have_unknown = 0, write_comma, md_nid;
158
for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_ALGOR_num(mdalgs); i++)
161
BIO_write(out, ",", 1);
163
md_nid = OBJ_obj2nid(sk_X509_ALGOR_value(mdalgs, i)->algorithm);
167
BIO_puts(out, "sha1");
171
BIO_puts(out, "md5");
175
BIO_puts(out, "sha-256");
179
BIO_puts(out, "sha-384");
183
BIO_puts(out, "sha-512");
191
BIO_puts(out, "unknown");
205
int int_smime_write_ASN1(BIO *bio, ASN1_VALUE *val, BIO *data, int flags,
206
int ctype_nid, int econt_nid,
207
STACK_OF(X509_ALGOR) *mdalgs,
208
asn1_output_data_fn *data_fn,
213
const char *mime_prefix, *mime_eol, *cname = "smime.p7m";
214
const char *msg_type=NULL;
215
if (flags & SMIME_OLDMIME)
216
mime_prefix = "application/x-pkcs7-";
218
mime_prefix = "application/pkcs7-";
220
if (flags & SMIME_CRLFEOL)
224
if((flags & SMIME_DETACHED) && data) {
225
/* We want multipart/signed */
226
/* Generate a random boundary */
227
RAND_pseudo_bytes((unsigned char *)bound, 32);
228
for(i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
235
BIO_printf(bio, "MIME-Version: 1.0%s", mime_eol);
236
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Type: multipart/signed;");
237
BIO_printf(bio, " protocol=\"%ssignature\";", mime_prefix);
238
BIO_puts(bio, " micalg=\"");
239
asn1_write_micalg(bio, mdalgs);
240
BIO_printf(bio, "\"; boundary=\"----%s\"%s%s",
241
bound, mime_eol, mime_eol);
242
BIO_printf(bio, "This is an S/MIME signed message%s%s",
244
/* Now write out the first part */
245
BIO_printf(bio, "------%s%s", bound, mime_eol);
246
if (!data_fn(bio, data, val, flags, it))
248
BIO_printf(bio, "%s------%s%s", mime_eol, bound, mime_eol);
250
/* Headers for signature */
252
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Type: %ssignature;", mime_prefix);
253
BIO_printf(bio, " name=\"smime.p7s\"%s", mime_eol);
254
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64%s",
256
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Disposition: attachment;");
257
BIO_printf(bio, " filename=\"smime.p7s\"%s%s",
259
B64_write_ASN1(bio, val, NULL, 0, it);
260
BIO_printf(bio,"%s------%s--%s%s", mime_eol, bound,
265
/* Determine smime-type header */
267
if (ctype_nid == NID_pkcs7_enveloped)
268
msg_type = "enveloped-data";
269
else if (ctype_nid == NID_pkcs7_signed)
271
if (econt_nid == NID_id_smime_ct_receipt)
272
msg_type = "signed-receipt";
273
else if (sk_X509_ALGOR_num(mdalgs) >= 0)
274
msg_type = "signed-data";
276
msg_type = "certs-only";
278
else if (ctype_nid == NID_id_smime_ct_compressedData)
280
msg_type = "compressed-data";
284
BIO_printf(bio, "MIME-Version: 1.0%s", mime_eol);
285
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Disposition: attachment;");
286
BIO_printf(bio, " filename=\"%s\"%s", cname, mime_eol);
287
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Type: %smime;", mime_prefix);
289
BIO_printf(bio, " smime-type=%s;", msg_type);
290
BIO_printf(bio, " name=\"%s\"%s", cname, mime_eol);
291
BIO_printf(bio, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64%s%s",
293
if (!B64_write_ASN1(bio, val, data, flags, it))
295
BIO_printf(bio, "%s", mime_eol);
301
/* Handle output of ASN1 data */
304
static int asn1_output_data(BIO *out, BIO *data, ASN1_VALUE *val, int flags,
308
const ASN1_AUX *aux = it->funcs;
309
ASN1_STREAM_ARG sarg;
311
if (!(flags & SMIME_DETACHED))
313
SMIME_crlf_copy(data, out, flags);
317
if (!aux || !aux->asn1_cb)
319
ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_OUTPUT_DATA,
320
ASN1_R_STREAMING_NOT_SUPPORTED);
325
sarg.ndef_bio = NULL;
326
sarg.boundary = NULL;
328
/* Let ASN1 code prepend any needed BIOs */
330
if (aux->asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_DETACHED_PRE, &val, it, &sarg) <= 0)
333
/* Copy data across, passing through filter BIOs for processing */
334
SMIME_crlf_copy(data, sarg.ndef_bio, flags);
336
/* Finalize structure */
337
if (aux->asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_DETACHED_POST, &val, it, &sarg) <= 0)
340
/* Now remove any digests prepended to the BIO */
342
while (sarg.ndef_bio != out)
344
tmpbio = BIO_pop(sarg.ndef_bio);
345
BIO_free(sarg.ndef_bio);
346
sarg.ndef_bio = tmpbio;
355
/* SMIME reader: handle multipart/signed and opaque signing.
356
* in multipart case the content is placed in a memory BIO
357
* pointed to by "bcont". In opaque this is set to NULL
360
ASN1_VALUE *SMIME_read_ASN1(BIO *bio, BIO **bcont, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
363
STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *headers = NULL;
364
STACK_OF(BIO) *parts = NULL;
370
if(bcont) *bcont = NULL;
372
if (!(headers = mime_parse_hdr(bio))) {
373
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_MIME_PARSE_ERROR);
377
if(!(hdr = mime_hdr_find(headers, "content-type")) || !hdr->value) {
378
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
379
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_CONTENT_TYPE);
383
/* Handle multipart/signed */
385
if(!strcmp(hdr->value, "multipart/signed")) {
386
/* Split into two parts */
387
prm = mime_param_find(hdr, "boundary");
388
if(!prm || !prm->param_value) {
389
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
390
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_MULTIPART_BOUNDARY);
393
ret = multi_split(bio, prm->param_value, &parts);
394
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
395
if(!ret || (sk_BIO_num(parts) != 2) ) {
396
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_MULTIPART_BODY_FAILURE);
397
sk_BIO_pop_free(parts, BIO_vfree);
401
/* Parse the signature piece */
402
asnin = sk_BIO_value(parts, 1);
404
if (!(headers = mime_parse_hdr(asnin))) {
405
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_MIME_SIG_PARSE_ERROR);
406
sk_BIO_pop_free(parts, BIO_vfree);
410
/* Get content type */
412
if(!(hdr = mime_hdr_find(headers, "content-type")) ||
414
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
415
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_SIG_CONTENT_TYPE);
419
if(strcmp(hdr->value, "application/x-pkcs7-signature") &&
420
strcmp(hdr->value, "application/pkcs7-signature")) {
421
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
422
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_SIG_INVALID_MIME_TYPE);
423
ERR_add_error_data(2, "type: ", hdr->value);
424
sk_BIO_pop_free(parts, BIO_vfree);
427
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
429
if(!(val = b64_read_asn1(asnin, it))) {
430
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_ASN1_SIG_PARSE_ERROR);
431
sk_BIO_pop_free(parts, BIO_vfree);
436
*bcont = sk_BIO_value(parts, 0);
439
} else sk_BIO_pop_free(parts, BIO_vfree);
443
/* OK, if not multipart/signed try opaque signature */
445
if (strcmp (hdr->value, "application/x-pkcs7-mime") &&
446
strcmp (hdr->value, "application/pkcs7-mime")) {
447
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1,ASN1_R_INVALID_MIME_TYPE);
448
ERR_add_error_data(2, "type: ", hdr->value);
449
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
453
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
455
if(!(val = b64_read_asn1(bio, it))) {
456
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_READ_ASN1, ASN1_R_ASN1_PARSE_ERROR);
463
/* Copy text from one BIO to another making the output CRLF at EOL */
464
int SMIME_crlf_copy(BIO *in, BIO *out, int flags)
469
char linebuf[MAX_SMLEN];
470
/* Buffer output so we don't write one line at a time. This is
471
* useful when streaming as we don't end up with one OCTET STRING
474
bf = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
477
out = BIO_push(bf, out);
478
if(flags & SMIME_BINARY)
480
while((len = BIO_read(in, linebuf, MAX_SMLEN)) > 0)
481
BIO_write(out, linebuf, len);
485
if(flags & SMIME_TEXT)
486
BIO_printf(out, "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
487
while ((len = BIO_gets(in, linebuf, MAX_SMLEN)) > 0)
489
eol = strip_eol(linebuf, &len);
491
BIO_write(out, linebuf, len);
492
if(eol) BIO_write(out, "\r\n", 2);
495
(void)BIO_flush(out);
501
/* Strip off headers if they are text/plain */
502
int SMIME_text(BIO *in, BIO *out)
506
STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *headers;
509
if (!(headers = mime_parse_hdr(in))) {
510
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_TEXT,ASN1_R_MIME_PARSE_ERROR);
513
if(!(hdr = mime_hdr_find(headers, "content-type")) || !hdr->value) {
514
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_TEXT,ASN1_R_MIME_NO_CONTENT_TYPE);
515
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
518
if (strcmp (hdr->value, "text/plain")) {
519
ASN1err(ASN1_F_SMIME_TEXT,ASN1_R_INVALID_MIME_TYPE);
520
ERR_add_error_data(2, "type: ", hdr->value);
521
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
524
sk_MIME_HEADER_pop_free(headers, mime_hdr_free);
525
while ((len = BIO_read(in, iobuf, sizeof(iobuf))) > 0)
526
BIO_write(out, iobuf, len);
532
/* Split a multipart/XXX message body into component parts: result is
533
* canonical parts in a STACK of bios
536
static int multi_split(BIO *bio, char *bound, STACK_OF(BIO) **ret)
538
char linebuf[MAX_SMLEN];
540
int eol = 0, next_eol = 0;
542
STACK_OF(BIO) *parts;
543
char state, part, first;
545
blen = strlen(bound);
549
parts = sk_BIO_new_null();
551
while ((len = BIO_gets(bio, linebuf, MAX_SMLEN)) > 0) {
552
state = mime_bound_check(linebuf, len, bound, blen);
556
} else if(state == 2) {
557
sk_BIO_push(parts, bpart);
560
/* Strip CR+LF from linebuf */
561
next_eol = strip_eol(linebuf, &len);
564
if(bpart) sk_BIO_push(parts, bpart);
565
bpart = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
566
BIO_set_mem_eof_return(bpart, 0);
568
BIO_write(bpart, "\r\n", 2);
571
BIO_write(bpart, linebuf, len);
577
/* This is the big one: parse MIME header lines up to message body */
579
#define MIME_INVALID 0
585
#define MIME_COMMENT 6
588
static STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *mime_parse_hdr(BIO *bio)
592
char linebuf[MAX_SMLEN];
593
MIME_HEADER *mhdr = NULL;
594
STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *headers;
595
int len, state, save_state = 0;
597
headers = sk_MIME_HEADER_new(mime_hdr_cmp);
598
while ((len = BIO_gets(bio, linebuf, MAX_SMLEN)) > 0) {
599
/* If whitespace at line start then continuation line */
600
if(mhdr && isspace((unsigned char)linebuf[0])) state = MIME_NAME;
601
else state = MIME_START;
603
/* Go through all characters */
604
for(p = linebuf, q = linebuf; (c = *p) && (c!='\r') && (c!='\n'); p++) {
606
/* State machine to handle MIME headers
607
* if this looks horrible that's because it *is*
615
ntmp = strip_ends(q);
622
mime_debug("Found End Value\n");
624
mhdr = mime_hdr_new(ntmp, strip_ends(q));
625
sk_MIME_HEADER_push(headers, mhdr);
629
} else if(c == '(') {
631
state = MIME_COMMENT;
645
ntmp = strip_ends(q);
654
mime_hdr_addparam(mhdr, ntmp, strip_ends(q));
657
} else if (c == '"') {
658
mime_debug("Found Quote\n");
660
} else if(c == '(') {
662
state = MIME_COMMENT;
668
mime_debug("Found Match Quote\n");
675
if(state == MIME_TYPE) {
676
mhdr = mime_hdr_new(ntmp, strip_ends(q));
677
sk_MIME_HEADER_push(headers, mhdr);
678
} else if(state == MIME_VALUE)
679
mime_hdr_addparam(mhdr, ntmp, strip_ends(q));
680
if(p == linebuf) break; /* Blank line means end of headers */
687
static char *strip_ends(char *name)
689
return strip_end(strip_start(name));
692
/* Strip a parameter of whitespace from start of param */
693
static char *strip_start(char *name)
696
/* Look for first non white space or quote */
697
for(p = name; (c = *p) ;p++) {
699
/* Next char is start of string if non null */
700
if(p[1]) return p + 1;
701
/* Else null string */
704
if(!isspace((unsigned char)c)) return p;
709
/* As above but strip from end of string : maybe should handle brackets? */
710
static char *strip_end(char *name)
713
if(!name) return NULL;
714
/* Look for first non white space or quote */
715
for(p = name + strlen(name) - 1; p >= name ;p--) {
718
if(p - 1 == name) return NULL;
722
if(isspace((unsigned char)c)) *p = 0;
728
static MIME_HEADER *mime_hdr_new(char *name, char *value)
731
char *tmpname, *tmpval, *p;
734
if(!(tmpname = BUF_strdup(name))) return NULL;
735
for(p = tmpname ; *p; p++) {
742
} else tmpname = NULL;
744
if(!(tmpval = BUF_strdup(value))) return NULL;
745
for(p = tmpval ; *p; p++) {
752
} else tmpval = NULL;
753
mhdr = (MIME_HEADER *) OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(MIME_HEADER));
754
if(!mhdr) return NULL;
755
mhdr->name = tmpname;
756
mhdr->value = tmpval;
757
if(!(mhdr->params = sk_MIME_PARAM_new(mime_param_cmp))) return NULL;
761
static int mime_hdr_addparam(MIME_HEADER *mhdr, char *name, char *value)
763
char *tmpname, *tmpval, *p;
767
tmpname = BUF_strdup(name);
768
if(!tmpname) return 0;
769
for(p = tmpname ; *p; p++) {
776
} else tmpname = NULL;
778
tmpval = BUF_strdup(value);
779
if(!tmpval) return 0;
780
} else tmpval = NULL;
781
/* Parameter values are case sensitive so leave as is */
782
mparam = (MIME_PARAM *) OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(MIME_PARAM));
783
if(!mparam) return 0;
784
mparam->param_name = tmpname;
785
mparam->param_value = tmpval;
786
sk_MIME_PARAM_push(mhdr->params, mparam);
790
static int mime_hdr_cmp(const MIME_HEADER * const *a,
791
const MIME_HEADER * const *b)
793
return(strcmp((*a)->name, (*b)->name));
796
static int mime_param_cmp(const MIME_PARAM * const *a,
797
const MIME_PARAM * const *b)
799
return(strcmp((*a)->param_name, (*b)->param_name));
802
/* Find a header with a given name (if possible) */
804
static MIME_HEADER *mime_hdr_find(STACK_OF(MIME_HEADER) *hdrs, char *name)
809
idx = sk_MIME_HEADER_find(hdrs, &htmp);
810
if(idx < 0) return NULL;
811
return sk_MIME_HEADER_value(hdrs, idx);
814
static MIME_PARAM *mime_param_find(MIME_HEADER *hdr, char *name)
818
param.param_name = name;
819
idx = sk_MIME_PARAM_find(hdr->params, ¶m);
820
if(idx < 0) return NULL;
821
return sk_MIME_PARAM_value(hdr->params, idx);
824
static void mime_hdr_free(MIME_HEADER *hdr)
826
if(hdr->name) OPENSSL_free(hdr->name);
827
if(hdr->value) OPENSSL_free(hdr->value);
828
if(hdr->params) sk_MIME_PARAM_pop_free(hdr->params, mime_param_free);
832
static void mime_param_free(MIME_PARAM *param)
834
if(param->param_name) OPENSSL_free(param->param_name);
835
if(param->param_value) OPENSSL_free(param->param_value);
839
/* Check for a multipart boundary. Returns:
844
static int mime_bound_check(char *line, int linelen, char *bound, int blen)
846
if(linelen == -1) linelen = strlen(line);
847
if(blen == -1) blen = strlen(bound);
848
/* Quickly eliminate if line length too short */
849
if(blen + 2 > linelen) return 0;
850
/* Check for part boundary */
851
if(!strncmp(line, "--", 2) && !strncmp(line + 2, bound, blen)) {
852
if(!strncmp(line + blen + 2, "--", 2)) return 2;
858
static int strip_eol(char *linebuf, int *plen)
863
p = linebuf + len - 1;
864
for (p = linebuf + len - 1; len > 0; len--, p--)