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<appendix id="copying-FDL">
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<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
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<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title -->
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<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
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<para>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
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<Para>0. PREAMBLE</Para>
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<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
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or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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with or without modifying it, either commercially or
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noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
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author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
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being considered responsible for modifications made by
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<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
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derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
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same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
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is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
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<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
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for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
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a free program should come with manuals providing the same
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freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
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to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
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regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
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printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
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whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
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<Para>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</Para>
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<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
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contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",
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below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
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public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
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<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
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containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
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verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
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<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
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section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
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relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
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Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
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nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
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(For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
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mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
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The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
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the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
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philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
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whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
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in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
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<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
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are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
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notice that says that the Document is released under this
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<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
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machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
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is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
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and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
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editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
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or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
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is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
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translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
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formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
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whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
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modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
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"Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
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<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
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plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
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format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
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standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
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Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
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can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
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or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
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available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
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processors for output purposes only.</para>
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<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
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itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
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the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
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For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
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"Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
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the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
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<Para>2. VERBATIM COPYING</Para>
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<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
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either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
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License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
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License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
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that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
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License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
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control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
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distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
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copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
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must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
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<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
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above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
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<Para>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</Para>
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<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
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than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
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you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
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legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
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cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
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also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
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copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
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words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
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other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
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limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
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Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
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copying in other respects.</para>
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<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
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fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
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adjacent pages.</para>
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<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
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numbering more than 100, you must either include a
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machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
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state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
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computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
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of the Document, free of added material, which the general
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network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
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charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
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latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
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begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
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this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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location until at least one year after the last time you
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distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
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retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
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<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
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authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
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number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
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updated version of the Document.</para>
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<Para>4. MODIFICATIONS</Para>
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<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
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Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
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that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
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License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
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Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
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Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
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you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
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<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
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(and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
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Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
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there were any, be listed in the History section of the
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Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
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the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
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<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
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as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
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authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
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together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
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<listitem><para>State on the Title page
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the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
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<listitem><para>Preserve all the
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copyright notices of the Document.</para>
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<listitem><para>Add an appropriate
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copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
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copyright notices.</para>
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<listitem><para>Include, immediately
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after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
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permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
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License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
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<listitem><para>Preserve in that license
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notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
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Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
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<listitem><para>Include an unaltered
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copy of this License.</para>
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<listitem><para>Preserve the section
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entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
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at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
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Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
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section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
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the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
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on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
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<listitem><para>Preserve the network
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location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
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Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
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locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
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based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
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may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
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<listitem><para>In any section entitled
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"Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
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title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
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each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
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given therein.</para>
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<listitem><para>Preserve all the
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Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
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in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
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considered part of the section titles.</para>
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<listitem><para>Delete any section
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entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in
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the Modified Version.</para>
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<listitem><para>Do not retitle any
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existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
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any Invariant Section.</para>
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<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
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or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
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material copied from the Document, you may at your option
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designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
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add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
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Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
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other section titles.</para>
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<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
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contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
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various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
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the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
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definition of a standard.</para>
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<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
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Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
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end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
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passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
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added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
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Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
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previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
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you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
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replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
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publisher that added the old one.</para>
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<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
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this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
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or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
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<Para>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</Para>
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<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
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under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
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modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
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all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
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unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
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combined work in its license notice.</para>
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<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
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License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
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with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
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the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
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section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
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name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
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or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
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titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
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the combined work.</para>
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<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
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"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
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entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
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"Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
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must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
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<Para>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</Para>
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<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
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other documents released under this License, and replace the
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individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
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single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
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follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
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the documents in all other respects.</para>
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<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
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and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
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insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
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follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
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copying of that document.</para>
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<Para>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</Para>
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<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
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separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
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a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
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Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
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copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
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called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
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other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
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account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
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derivative works of the Document.</para>
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<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
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these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
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one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
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may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
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aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
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<Para>8. TRANSLATION</Para>
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<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
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4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
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special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
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include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
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to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may
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include a translation of this License provided that you also
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include the original English version of this License. In case of
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a disagreement between the translation and the original English
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version of this License, the original English version will
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<Para>9. TERMINATION</Para>
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<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
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Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any
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other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
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Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
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under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
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rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
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terminated so long as such parties remain in full
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<Para>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</Para>
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<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
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versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
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Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
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version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
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url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
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version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
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numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
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it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
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either of that specified version or of any later version that has
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been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
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If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
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you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
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Free Software Foundation.</para>
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<Para>How to use this License for your documents</Para>
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<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
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a copy of the License in the document and put the following
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copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
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Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
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Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
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Free Documentation License".
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<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
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Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have
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no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
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"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
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<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
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code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
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choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
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License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
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