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W3C Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
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This version is code named Wilbur with Style
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Author of original HTML 3.2 DTD: Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
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Chris Lilley <chris@w3.org>
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Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
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This Experimental HTML DTD adds support for Style Sheets,
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as defined in WD-Style, to the HTML 3.2 DTD: ID, CLASS and
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STYLE attributes on most elements, and the SPAN element.
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<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
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"-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 970421//EN"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 970421//EN">
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<!--================== Deprecated Features Switch ======================-->
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<!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "INCLUDE">
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<!--================== Imported Names ==================================-->
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<!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA"
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-- meaning a MIME content type, as per RFC1521
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<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
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-- as per HTTP specification
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<!ENTITY % URL "CDATA"
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-- The term URL means a CDATA attribute
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whose value is a Uniform Resource Locator,
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See RFC1808 (June 95) and RFC1738 (Dec 94).
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<!-- Parameter Entities -->
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<!ENTITY % head.misc "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK" -- repeatable head elements -->
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<!ENTITY % heading "H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6">
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<!ENTITY % list "UL | OL | DIR | MENU">
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<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
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<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE | XMP | LISTING">
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<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE">
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<!--================ Character mnemonic entities =======================-->
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<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
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"ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML">
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<!--================ Entities for special symbols ======================-->
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<!-- &trade and &cbsp are not widely deployed and so not included here -->
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<!ENTITY copy CDATA "©" -- copyright sign -->
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<!ENTITY reg CDATA "®" -- registered sign -->
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<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&" -- ampersand -->
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<!ENTITY gt CDATA ">" -- greater than -->
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<!ENTITY lt CDATA "<" -- less than -->
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<!ENTITY quot CDATA """ -- double quote -->
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<!ENTITY nbsp CDATA " " -- non breaking space -->
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<!--=================== Text Markup ====================================-->
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<!ENTITY % font "TT | I | B | U | STRIKE | BIG | SMALL | SUB | SUP">
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<!ENTITY % phrase "EM | STRONG | DFN | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR | CITE">
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<!ENTITY % special "A|IMG|APPLET|BASEFONT|FONT|BR|SCRIPT|MAP|SPAN">
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<!ENTITY % form "INPUT | SELECT | TEXTAREA">
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<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | %font | %phrase | %special | %form">
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"id ID #IMPLIED -- document wide unique id --
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class CDATA #IMPLIED -- comma list of class values --
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style CDATA #IMPLIED -- associated style info --">
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<!ELEMENT (%font|%phrase) - - (%text)*>
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<!ATTLIST (%font|%phrase) %style;>
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<!-- there are also 16 widely known color names although
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the resulting colors are implementation dependent:
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aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon,
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navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow
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These colors were originally picked as being the standard
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16 colors supported with the Windows VGA palette.
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<!-- use span when other text-level elements are inappropriate -->
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<!ELEMENT SPAN - - (%text)* -- generic language/style container -->
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<!ATTLIST SPAN %style; >
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<!ELEMENT FONT - - (%text)* -- local change to font -->
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size CDATA #IMPLIED -- [+]nn e.g. size="+1", size=4 --
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color CDATA #IMPLIED -- #RRGGBB in hex, e.g. red: color="#FF0000"
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<!ELEMENT BASEFONT - O EMPTY -- base font size (1 to 7)-->
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size CDATA #IMPLIED -- e.g. size=3 --
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<!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY -- forced line break -->
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clear (left|all|right|none) none -- control of text flow --
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<!--================== HTML content models =============================-->
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HTML has three basic content models:
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%text character level elements and text strings
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%flow block-like elements e.g. paragraphs and lists
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%bodytext as %flow plus headers and ADDRESS
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"P | %list | %preformatted | DL | DIV | CENTER |
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BLOCKQUOTE | FORM | ISINDEX | HR | TABLE">
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<!-- %flow is used for DD and LI -->
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<!ENTITY % flow "(%text | %block)*">
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<!--=================== Document Body ==================================-->
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<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block | ADDRESS)*">
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<!ENTITY % color "CDATA" -- a color specification: #RRGGBB in hex -->
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<!ENTITY % body-color-attrs "
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bgcolor %color #IMPLIED
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vlink %color #IMPLIED
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alink %color #IMPLIED
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<!ELEMENT BODY O O %body.content>
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background %URL #IMPLIED -- texture tile for document background --
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%body-color-attrs; -- bgcolor, text, link, vlink, alink --
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<!ENTITY % address.content "((%text;) | P)*">
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<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - %address.content>
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<!ATTLIST ADDRESS %style; >
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<!ELEMENT DIV - - %body.content>
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align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- alignment of following text --
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<!-- CENTER is a shorthand for DIV with ALIGN=CENTER -->
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<!ELEMENT center - - %body.content>
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<!--================== The Anchor Element ==============================-->
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<!ELEMENT A - - (%text)* -(A)>
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name CDATA #IMPLIED -- named link end --
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href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
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rel CDATA #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
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rev CDATA #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
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title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
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<!--================== Client-side image maps =========================-->
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<!-- These can be placed in the same document or grouped in a
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separate document although this isn't yet widely supported -->
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<!ENTITY % SHAPE "(rect|circle|poly)">
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<!ENTITY % COORDS "CDATA" -- comma separated list of numbers -->
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<!ELEMENT MAP - - (AREA)*>
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<!ELEMENT AREA - O EMPTY>
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coords %COORDS #IMPLIED -- defines coordinates for shape --
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href %URL #IMPLIED -- this region acts as hypertext link --
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nohref (nohref) #IMPLIED -- this region has no action --
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alt CDATA #REQUIRED -- needed for non-graphical user agents --
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<!--================== The LINK Element ===============================-->
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<!ENTITY % Types "CDATA"
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-- LINK has been part of HTML since the early days
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although few browsers as yet take advantage of it.
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Relationship values can be used in principle:
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a) for document specific toolbars/menus when used
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with the LINK element in document head:
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b) to link to a separate style sheet (rel=stylesheet)
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c) to make a link to a script (rel=script)
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d) by stylesheets to control how collections of
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html nodes are rendered into printed documents
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e) to make a link to a printable version of this document
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e.g. a postscript/pdf version (rel=alternate media=print)
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"(print|screen|projection|braille|aural|all)"
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Media values define the intended rendering medium for a style
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sheet or other resource. It shouldn't be confused with the data
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format used to encode that resource.
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<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY>
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href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
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rel %Types #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
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rev %Types #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
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media %MEDIA all -- intended rendering medium --
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title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
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<!--=================== Images =========================================-->
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<!ENTITY % Length "CDATA" -- nn for pixels or nn% for percentage length -->
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<!ENTITY % Pixels "CDATA" -- integer representing length in pixels -->
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<!-- Suggested widths are used for negotiating image size
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with the module responsible for painting the image.
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align=left or right cause image to float to margin
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and for subsequent text to wrap around image -->
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<!ENTITY % IAlign "(top|middle|bottom|left|right)">
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<!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY -- Embedded image -->
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src %URL #REQUIRED -- URL of image to embed --
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alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of image --
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align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
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height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height in pixels --
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width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width in pixels --
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border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested link border width --
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hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
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vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
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usemap %URL #IMPLIED -- use client-side image map --
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ismap (ismap) #IMPLIED -- use server image map --
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<!-- USEMAP points to a MAP element which may be in this document
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or an external document, although the latter is not widely supported -->
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<!--=================== Java APPLET tag ================================-->
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This tag is supported by all Java enabled browsers. CODEBASE specifies
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the base URL of the applet - the directory that contains the applet's
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code. If this attribute is missing the documents base URL is used
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instead. One of CODE or OBJECT must be present. Archive files speed
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loading of applets through a compressed wrapper for applet resources.
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The ALT attribute gives text to display if the browser understands
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the APPLET tag but can't run Java applets. WIDTH, HEIGHT, ALIGN,
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HSPACE and VSPACE are defined in the same way as for IMG elements.
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<!ELEMENT APPLET - - (PARAM | %text)*>
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codebase %URL #IMPLIED -- optional base URL for applet --
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archive CDATA #IMPLIED -- comma separated archive list --
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code CDATA #IMPLIED -- applet class file --
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object CDATA #IMPLIED -- serialized applet file --
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alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of applet --
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name CDATA #IMPLIED -- allows applets to find each other --
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width %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested width in pixels --
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height %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested height in pixels --
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align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
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hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
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vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
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<!ELEMENT PARAM - O EMPTY>
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name NMTOKEN #REQUIRED -- The name of the parameter --
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value CDATA #IMPLIED -- The value of the parameter --
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<applet codebase="applets/NervousText"
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code=NervousText.class
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<param name=text value="Java is Cool!">
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<img src=sorry.gif alt="This looks better with Java support">
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<!--=================== Horizontal Rule ================================-->
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<!ELEMENT HR - O EMPTY>
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align (left|right|center) #IMPLIED
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noshade (noshade) #IMPLIED
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size %Pixels #IMPLIED
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width %Length #IMPLIED
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<!--=================== Paragraphs======================================-->
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<!ELEMENT P - O (%text)*>
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align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
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<!--=================== Headings =======================================-->
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There are six levels of headers from H1 (the most important)
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to H6 (the least important).
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<!ELEMENT ( %heading ) - - (%text;)*>
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<!ATTLIST ( %heading )
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align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
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<!--=================== Preformatted Text ==============================-->
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<!-- excludes images and changes in font size to preserve column alignment --
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<!ENTITY % pre.exclusion "IMG|BIG|SMALL|SUB|SUP|FONT">
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<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%text)* -(%pre.exclusion)>
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width NUMBER #implied -- is this widely supported? --
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<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
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<!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
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-- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
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the only markup signal is the end tag
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<!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - - %literal>
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<!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal>
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<!--=================== Block-like Quotes ==============================-->
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<!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content>
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<!ATTLIST BLOCKQUOTE %style;>
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<!--=================== Lists ==========================================-->
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HTML 3.2 allows you to control the sequence number for ordered lists.
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You can set the sequence number with the START and VALUE attributes.
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The TYPE attribute may be used to specify the rendering of ordered
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<!-- definition lists - DT for term, DD for its definition -->
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<!ELEMENT DL - - (DT|DD)+>
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compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- more compact style --
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<!ELEMENT DT - O (%text)*>
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<!ATTLIST DT %style;>
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<!ELEMENT DD - O %flow;>
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<!ATTLIST DD %style;>
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<!-- Ordered lists OL, and unordered lists UL -->
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<!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - - (LI)+>
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1 arablic numbers 1, 2, 3, ...
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a lower alpha a, b, c, ...
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A upper alpha A, B, C, ...
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i lower roman i, ii, iii, ...
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I upper roman I, II, III, ...
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The style is applied to the sequence number which by default
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is reset to 1 for the first list item in an ordered list.
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This can't be expressed directly in SGML due to case folding.
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<!ENTITY % OLStyle "CDATA" -- constrained to: [1|a|A|i|I] -->
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<!ATTLIST OL -- ordered lists --
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type %OLStyle #IMPLIED -- numbering style --
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start NUMBER #IMPLIED -- starting sequence number --
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compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
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<!-- bullet styles -->
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<!ENTITY % ULStyle "disc|square|circle">
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<!ATTLIST UL -- unordered lists --
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type (%ULStyle) #IMPLIED -- bullet style --
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compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
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<!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - - (LI)+ -(%block)>
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compact (compact) #IMPLIED
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compact (compact) #IMPLIED
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<!-- <DIR> Directory list -->
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<!-- <DIR COMPACT> Compact list style -->
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<!-- <MENU> Menu list -->
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<!-- <MENU COMPACT> Compact list style -->
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<!-- The type attribute can be used to change the bullet style
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in unordered lists and the numbering style in ordered lists -->
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<!ENTITY % LIStyle "CDATA" -- constrained to: "(%ULStyle|%OLStyle)" -->
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<!ELEMENT LI - O %flow -- list item -->
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type %LIStyle #IMPLIED -- list item style --
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value NUMBER #IMPLIED -- reset sequence number --
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<!--================ Forms ============================================-->
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<!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM)>
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action %URL #IMPLIED -- server-side form handler --
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method (%HTTP-Method) GET -- see HTTP specification --
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enctype %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
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"(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX | RADIO | SUBMIT
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| RESET | FILE | HIDDEN | IMAGE)">
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<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY>
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type %InputType TEXT -- what kind of widget is needed --
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name CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for all but submit and reset --
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value CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for radio and checkboxes --
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checked (checked) #IMPLIED -- for radio buttons and check boxes --
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size CDATA #IMPLIED -- specific to each type of field --
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maxlength NUMBER #IMPLIED -- max chars allowed in text fields --
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src %URL #IMPLIED -- for fields with background images --
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align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- image alignment --
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usemap %URL #IMPLIED -- use client-side image map --
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hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
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vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
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<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+)>
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multiple (multiple) #IMPLIED
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<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*>
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selected (selected) #IMPLIED
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value CDATA #IMPLIED -- defaults to element content --
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<!-- Multi-line text input field. -->
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<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)*>
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rows NUMBER #REQUIRED
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cols NUMBER #REQUIRED
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<!--======================= Tables =====================================-->
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<!-- Widely deployed subset of the full table standard, see RFC 1942
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e.g. at http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/html/rfc1942.txt -->
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<!-- horizontal placement of table relative to window -->
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<!ENTITY % Where "(left|center|right)">
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<!-- horizontal alignment attributes for cell contents -->
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<!ENTITY % cell.halign
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"align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED"
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<!-- vertical alignment attributes for cell contents -->
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<!ENTITY % cell.valign
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"valign (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED"
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<!ELEMENT TABLE - - (CAPTION?, TR+)>
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<!ELEMENT TR - O (TH|TD)*>
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<!ELEMENT (TH|TD) - O %body.content>
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<!ATTLIST TABLE -- table element --
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align %Where #IMPLIED -- table position relative to window --
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width %Length #IMPLIED -- table width relative to window --
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border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- controls frame width around table --
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cellspacing %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing between cells --
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cellpadding %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing within cells --
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<!ELEMENT CAPTION - - (%text;)* -- table or figure caption -->
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align (top|bottom) #IMPLIED
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<!ATTLIST TR -- table row --
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%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cells --
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%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cells --
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<!ATTLIST (TH|TD) -- header or data cell --
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nowrap (nowrap) #IMPLIED -- suppress word wrap --
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rowspan NUMBER 1 -- number of rows spanned by cell --
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colspan NUMBER 1 -- number of cols spanned by cell --
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%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cells --
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%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cells --
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width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width for cell --
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height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height for cell --
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<!--================ Document Head =====================================-->
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<!-- %head.misc defined earlier on as "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK" -->
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<!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE?">
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<!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content) +(%head.misc)>
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<!ELEMENT TITLE - - (#PCDATA)* -(%head.misc)
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-- The TITLE element is not considered part of the flow of text.
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It should be displayed, for example as the page header or
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<!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY>
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prompt CDATA #IMPLIED -- prompt message --
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The BASE element gives an absolute URL for dereferencing relative
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<BASE href="http://foo.com/index.html">
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<IMG SRC="images/bar.gif">
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The image is deferenced to
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http://foo.com/images/bar.gif
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In the absence of a BASE element the document URL should be used.
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Note that this is not necessarily the same as the URL used to
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request the document, as the base URL may be overridden by an HTTP
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header accompanying the document.
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<!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY>
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<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY -- Generic Metainformation -->
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http-equiv NAME #IMPLIED -- HTTP response header name --
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name NAME #IMPLIED -- metainformation name --
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content CDATA #REQUIRED -- associated information --
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<!ELEMENT STYLE - - CDATA -- style info -->
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type CDATA #IMPLIED -- Internet media type for style --
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title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title for this style --
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media %MEDIA ALL -- intended rendering medium --
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<!-- SCRIPT is a place holder for transition to next version of HTML -->
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<!ELEMENT SCRIPT - - CDATA -- script statements -->
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<!--================ Document Structure ================================-->
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<!ENTITY % version.attr "VERSION CDATA #FIXED '%HTML.Version;'">
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<
added
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sgml/html/dtd/html-970421.dtd
