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* IBM Ultimotion Video Decoder
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* Copyright (C) 2004 Konstantin Shishkov
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* This file is part of FFmpeg.
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* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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* Lesser General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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* IBM Ultimotion Video Decoder.
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#include "bytestream.h"
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typedef struct UltimotionDecodeContext {
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AVCodecContext *avctx;
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int width, height, blocks;
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const uint8_t *ulti_codebook;
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} UltimotionDecodeContext;
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static av_cold int ulti_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
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UltimotionDecodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
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s->width = avctx->width;
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s->height = avctx->height;
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s->blocks = (s->width / 8) * (s->height / 8);
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avctx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUV410P;
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avctx->coded_frame = (AVFrame*) &s->frame;
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s->ulti_codebook = ulti_codebook;
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static av_cold int ulti_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx){
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UltimotionDecodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
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AVFrame *pic = &s->frame;
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avctx->release_buffer(avctx, pic);
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static const int block_coords[8] = // 4x4 block coords in 8x8 superblock
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{ 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0};
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static const int angle_by_index[4] = { 0, 2, 6, 12};
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/* Lookup tables for luma and chroma - used by ulti_convert_yuv() */
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static const uint8_t ulti_lumas[64] =
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{ 0x10, 0x13, 0x17, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0x21, 0x25, 0x28,
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0x2C, 0x2F, 0x33, 0x36, 0x3A, 0x3D, 0x41, 0x44,
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0x48, 0x4B, 0x4F, 0x52, 0x56, 0x59, 0x5C, 0x60,
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0x63, 0x67, 0x6A, 0x6E, 0x71, 0x75, 0x78, 0x7C,
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0x7F, 0x83, 0x86, 0x8A, 0x8D, 0x91, 0x94, 0x98,
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0x9B, 0x9F, 0xA2, 0xA5, 0xA9, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xB3,
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0xB7, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0xC1, 0xC5, 0xC8, 0xCC, 0xCF,
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0xD3, 0xD6, 0xDA, 0xDD, 0xE1, 0xE4, 0xE8, 0xEB};
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static const uint8_t ulti_chromas[16] =
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{ 0x60, 0x67, 0x6D, 0x73, 0x7A, 0x80, 0x86, 0x8D,
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0x93, 0x99, 0xA0, 0xA6, 0xAC, 0xB3, 0xB9, 0xC0};
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/* convert Ultimotion YUV block (sixteen 6-bit Y samples and
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two 4-bit chroma samples) into standard YUV and put it into frame */
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static void ulti_convert_yuv(AVFrame *frame, int x, int y,
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uint8_t *luma,int chroma)
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uint8_t *y_plane, *cr_plane, *cb_plane;
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y_plane = frame->data[0] + x + y * frame->linesize[0];
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cr_plane = frame->data[1] + (x / 4) + (y / 4) * frame->linesize[1];
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cb_plane = frame->data[2] + (x / 4) + (y / 4) * frame->linesize[2];
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cr_plane[0] = ulti_chromas[chroma >> 4];
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cb_plane[0] = ulti_chromas[chroma & 0xF];
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for(i = 0; i < 16; i++){
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y_plane[i & 3] = ulti_lumas[luma[i]];
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if((i & 3) == 3) { //next row
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y_plane += frame->linesize[0];
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/* generate block like in MS Video1 */
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static void ulti_pattern(AVFrame *frame, int x, int y,
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int f0, int f1, int Y0, int Y1, int chroma)
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for(mask = 0x80, i = 0; mask; mask >>= 1, i++) {
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for(mask = 0x80, i = 8; mask; mask >>= 1, i++) {
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ulti_convert_yuv(frame, x, y, Luma, chroma);
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/* fill block with some gradient */
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static void ulti_grad(AVFrame *frame, int x, int y, uint8_t *Y, int chroma, int angle)
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if(angle & 8) { //reverse order
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Luma[0] = Y[0]; Luma[1] = Y[1]; Luma[2] = Y[2]; Luma[3] = Y[3];
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Luma[4] = Y[0]; Luma[5] = Y[1]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[3];
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Luma[8] = Y[0]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[2]; Luma[11] = Y[3];
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Luma[12] = Y[0]; Luma[13] = Y[1]; Luma[14] = Y[2]; Luma[15] = Y[3];
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Luma[0] = Y[1]; Luma[1] = Y[2]; Luma[2] = Y[3]; Luma[3] = Y[3];
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Luma[4] = Y[0]; Luma[5] = Y[1]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[3];
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Luma[8] = Y[0]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[2]; Luma[11] = Y[3];
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Luma[12] = Y[0]; Luma[13] = Y[0]; Luma[14] = Y[1]; Luma[15] = Y[2];
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Luma[0] = Y[1]; Luma[1] = Y[2]; Luma[2] = Y[3]; Luma[3] = Y[3];
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Luma[4] = Y[1]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[3];
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Luma[8] = Y[0]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[2];
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Luma[12] = Y[0]; Luma[13] = Y[0]; Luma[14] = Y[1]; Luma[15] = Y[2];
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Luma[0] = Y[2]; Luma[1] = Y[3]; Luma[2] = Y[3]; Luma[3] = Y[3];
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Luma[4] = Y[1]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[3];
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Luma[8] = Y[0]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[2];
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Luma[12] = Y[0]; Luma[13] = Y[0]; Luma[14] = Y[0]; Luma[15] = Y[1];
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Luma[0] = Y[3]; Luma[1] = Y[3]; Luma[2] = Y[3]; Luma[3] = Y[3];
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Luma[4] = Y[2]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[2];
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Luma[8] = Y[1]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[1];
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Luma[12] = Y[0]; Luma[13] = Y[0]; Luma[14] = Y[0]; Luma[15] = Y[0];
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Luma[0] = Y[3]; Luma[1] = Y[3]; Luma[2] = Y[3]; Luma[3] = Y[2];
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Luma[4] = Y[3]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[2]; Luma[7] = Y[1];
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Luma[8] = Y[2]; Luma[9] = Y[1]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[0];
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Luma[12] = Y[1]; Luma[13] = Y[0]; Luma[14] = Y[0]; Luma[15] = Y[0];
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Luma[0] = Y[3]; Luma[1] = Y[3]; Luma[2] = Y[2]; Luma[3] = Y[2];
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Luma[4] = Y[3]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[1]; Luma[7] = Y[1];
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Luma[8] = Y[2]; Luma[9] = Y[2]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[0];
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Luma[12] = Y[1]; Luma[13] = Y[1]; Luma[14] = Y[0]; Luma[15] = Y[0];
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Luma[0] = Y[3]; Luma[1] = Y[3]; Luma[2] = Y[2]; Luma[3] = Y[1];
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Luma[4] = Y[3]; Luma[5] = Y[2]; Luma[6] = Y[1]; Luma[7] = Y[0];
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Luma[8] = Y[3]; Luma[9] = Y[2]; Luma[10] = Y[1]; Luma[11] = Y[0];
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Luma[12] = Y[2]; Luma[13] = Y[1]; Luma[14] = Y[0]; Luma[15] = Y[0];
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Luma[0] = Y[0]; Luma[1] = Y[0]; Luma[2] = Y[1]; Luma[3] = Y[1];
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Luma[4] = Y[0]; Luma[5] = Y[0]; Luma[6] = Y[1]; Luma[7] = Y[1];
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Luma[8] = Y[2]; Luma[9] = Y[2]; Luma[10] = Y[3]; Luma[11] = Y[3];
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Luma[12] = Y[2]; Luma[13] = Y[2]; Luma[14] = Y[3]; Luma[15] = Y[3];
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ulti_convert_yuv(frame, x, y, Luma, chroma);
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static int ulti_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
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void *data, int *data_size,
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const uint8_t *buf = avpkt->data;
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int buf_size = avpkt->size;
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UltimotionDecodeContext *s=avctx->priv_data;
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avctx->release_buffer(avctx, &s->frame);
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s->frame.reference = 1;
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s->frame.buffer_hints = FF_BUFFER_HINTS_VALID | FF_BUFFER_HINTS_PRESERVE | FF_BUFFER_HINTS_REUSABLE;
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if(avctx->get_buffer(avctx, &s->frame) < 0) {
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av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "get_buffer() failed\n");
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if(blocks >= s->blocks || y >= s->height)
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break;//all blocks decoded
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if((idx & 0xF8) == 0x70) {
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case 0x70: //change modifier
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av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "warning: modifier must be 0 or 1, got %i\n", modifier);
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case 0x71: // set uniq flag
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case 0x72: //toggle mode
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case 0x73: //end-of-frame
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case 0x74: //skip some blocks
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if ((blocks + skip) >= s->blocks)
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while(x >= s->width) {
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av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "warning: unknown escape 0x%02X\n", idx);
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} else { //handle one block
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uint8_t Y[4]; // luma samples of block
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int tx = 0, ty = 0; //coords of subblock
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for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // for every subblock
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code = (idx >> (6 - i*2)) & 3; //extract 2 bits
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if(!code) //skip subblock
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tx = x + block_coords[i * 2];
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ty = y + block_coords[(i * 2) + 1];
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angle = angle_by_index[(tmp >> 6) & 0x3];
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if (modifier) { // unpack four luma samples
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tmp = bytestream_get_be24(&buf);
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Y[0] = (tmp >> 18) & 0x3F;
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Y[1] = (tmp >> 12) & 0x3F;
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Y[2] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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} else { // retrieve luma samples from codebook
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tmp = bytestream_get_be16(&buf);
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angle = (tmp >> 12) & 0xF;
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Y[0] = s->ulti_codebook[tmp];
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Y[1] = s->ulti_codebook[tmp + 1];
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Y[2] = s->ulti_codebook[tmp + 2];
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Y[3] = s->ulti_codebook[tmp + 3];
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if (modifier) { // all 16 luma samples
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tmp = bytestream_get_be24(&buf);
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Luma[0] = (tmp >> 18) & 0x3F;
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Luma[1] = (tmp >> 12) & 0x3F;
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Luma[2] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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Luma[3] = tmp & 0x3F;
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tmp = bytestream_get_be24(&buf);
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Luma[4] = (tmp >> 18) & 0x3F;
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Luma[5] = (tmp >> 12) & 0x3F;
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Luma[6] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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Luma[7] = tmp & 0x3F;
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tmp = bytestream_get_be24(&buf);
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Luma[8] = (tmp >> 18) & 0x3F;
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Luma[9] = (tmp >> 12) & 0x3F;
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Luma[10] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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Luma[11] = tmp & 0x3F;
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tmp = bytestream_get_be24(&buf);
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Luma[12] = (tmp >> 18) & 0x3F;
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Luma[13] = (tmp >> 12) & 0x3F;
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Luma[14] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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Luma[15] = tmp & 0x3F;
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ulti_convert_yuv(&s->frame, tx, ty, Luma, chroma);
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angle = (tmp >> 4) & 0x7;
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tmp = (tmp << 8) + *buf++;
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Y[0] = (tmp >> 6) & 0x3F;
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Y[2] = (*buf++) & 0x3F;
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Y[3] = (*buf++) & 0x3F;
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ulti_grad(&s->frame, tx, ty, Y, chroma, angle); //draw block
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} else { // some patterns
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Y[0] = (*buf++) & 0x3F;
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Y[1] = (*buf++) & 0x3F;
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ulti_pattern(&s->frame, tx, ty, f1, f0, Y[0], Y[1], chroma);
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ulti_grad(&s->frame, tx, ty, Y, chroma, angle); // draw block
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*data_size=sizeof(AVFrame);
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*(AVFrame*)data= s->frame;
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AVCodec ulti_decoder = {
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sizeof(UltimotionDecodeContext),
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.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("IBM UltiMotion"),