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  • Committer: Bazaar Package Importer
  • Author(s): Matthias Klose
  • Date: 2009-08-27 09:09:23 UTC
  • mfrom: (1.3.2 upstream)
  • Revision ID: james.westby@ubuntu.com-20090827090923-fwhvka191ir73s3x
Tags: 2.2.2-1
* New upstream version. Closes: #525961.
  - Includes html5parser. Closes: #521714.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.4.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
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<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.5: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
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<title>Validation with lxml</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="document" id="validation-with-lxml">
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<div class="sidemenu"><ul id="lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="index-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="index.html">lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#documentation">Documentation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#download">Download</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#mailing-list">Mailing list</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#bug-tracker">Bug tracker</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#license">License</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="index.html#old-versions">Old Versions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="intro-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="intro.html">Why lxml?</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="intro.html#motto">Motto</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="intro.html#aims">Aims</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="installation-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="installation.html">Installing lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#installation">Installation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#building-lxml-from-sources">Building lxml from sources</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#ms-windows">MS Windows</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="installation.html#macos-x">MacOS-X</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="lxml2-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="lxml2.html">What's new in lxml 2.0?</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml2.html#changes-in-etree-and-objectify">Changes in etree and objectify</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml2.html#new-modules">New modules</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="performance-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="performance.html">Benchmarks and Speed</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#general-notes">General notes</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#how-to-read-the-timings">How to read the timings</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#parsing-and-serialising">Parsing and Serialising</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#the-elementtree-api">The ElementTree API</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#xpath">XPath</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#a-longer-example">A longer example</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="performance.html#lxml-objectify">lxml.objectify</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="compatibility-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="compatibility.html">ElementTree compatibility of lxml.etree</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="FAQ-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="FAQ.html">lxml FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#general-questions">General Questions</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#installation">Installation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#contributing">Contributing</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#bugs">Bugs</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#threading">Threading</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#parsing-and-serialisation">Parsing and Serialisation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="FAQ.html#xpath-and-document-traversal">XPath and Document Traversal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul id="Developing with lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">Developing with lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="tutorial-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="tutorial.html">The lxml.etree Tutorial</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-element-class">The Element class</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-elementtree-class">The ElementTree class</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#parsing-from-strings-and-files">Parsing from strings and files</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#namespaces">Namespaces</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#the-e-factory">The E-factory</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="tutorial.html#elementpath">ElementPath</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="api index-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="api/index.html">API reference</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="api-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="api.html">APIs specific to lxml.etree</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#lxml-etree">lxml.etree</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#other-element-apis">Other Element APIs</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#trees-and-documents">Trees and Documents</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#iteration">Iteration</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#error-handling-on-exceptions">Error handling on exceptions</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#error-logging">Error logging</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#serialisation">Serialisation</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#cdata">CDATA</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#xinclude-and-elementinclude">XInclude and ElementInclude</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="api.html#write-c14n-on-elementtree">write_c14n on ElementTree</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="parsing-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="parsing.html">Parsing XML and HTML with lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="parsing.html#parsers">Parsers</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="parsing.html#the-target-parser-interface">The target parser interface</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="parsing.html#the-feed-parser-interface">The feed parser interface</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="parsing.html#iterparse-and-iterwalk">iterparse and iterwalk</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="parsing.html#python-unicode-strings">Python unicode strings</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu current" id="validation-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="validation.html">Validation with lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="validation.html#validation-at-parse-time">Validation at parse time</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="validation.html#dtd">DTD</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="validation.html#relaxng">RelaxNG</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="validation.html#xmlschema">XMLSchema</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="validation.html#schematron">Schematron</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="xpathxslt-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="xpathxslt.html">XPath and XSLT with lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="xpathxslt.html#xpath">XPath</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="xpathxslt.html#xslt">XSLT</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="objectify-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="objectify.html">lxml.objectify</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#the-lxml-objectify-api">The lxml.objectify API</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#asserting-a-schema">Asserting a Schema</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#objectpath">ObjectPath</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#python-data-types">Python data types</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#how-data-types-are-matched">How data types are matched</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="objectify.html#what-is-different-from-lxml-etree">What is different from lxml.etree?</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="lxmlhtml-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="lxmlhtml.html">lxml.html</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#parsing-html">Parsing HTML</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#html-element-methods">HTML Element Methods</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#running-html-doctests">Running HTML doctests</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#creating-html-with-the-e-factory">Creating HTML with the E-factory</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#working-with-links">Working with links</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#forms">Forms</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#cleaning-up-html">Cleaning up HTML</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#html-diff">HTML Diff</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxmlhtml.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="cssselect-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="cssselect.html">lxml.cssselect</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="cssselect.html#the-cssselector-class">The CSSSelector class</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="cssselect.html#css-selectors">CSS Selectors</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="cssselect.html#namespaces">Namespaces</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="cssselect.html#limitations">Limitations</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="elementsoup-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="elementsoup.html">BeautifulSoup Parser</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="elementsoup.html#parsing-with-the-soupparser">Parsing with the soupparser</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="elementsoup.html#entity-handling">Entity handling</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="elementsoup.html#using-soupparser-as-a-fallback">Using soupparser as a fallback</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul id="Extending lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">Extending lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="resolvers-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="resolvers.html">Document loading and URL resolving</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="resolvers.html#uri-resolvers">URI Resolvers</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="resolvers.html#document-loading-i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<p>Apart from the built-in DTD support in parsers, lxml currently supports three
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schema languages: <a class="reference" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition">DTD</a>, <a class="reference" href="http://www.relaxng.org/">Relax NG</a> and <a class="reference" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema">XML Schema</a>.  All three provide
 
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schema languages: <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition">DTD</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.relaxng.org/">Relax NG</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema">XML Schema</a>.  All three provide
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identical APIs in lxml, represented by validator classes with the obvious
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names.</p>
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<p>There is also initial support for <a class="reference" href="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron">Schematron</a>.  However, it does not currently
 
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<p>There is also initial support for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron">Schematron</a>.  However, it does not currently
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support error reporting in the validation phase due to insufficiencies in the
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implementation as of libxml2 2.6.30.</p>
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<div class="contents topic">
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<p class="topic-title first"><a id="contents" name="contents">Contents</a></p>
 
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<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
 
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<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#validation-at-parse-time" id="id3" name="id3">Validation at parse time</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#id1" id="id4" name="id4">DTD</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#relaxng" id="id5" name="id5">RelaxNG</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#xmlschema" id="id6" name="id6">XMLSchema</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#id2" id="id7" name="id7">Schematron</a></li>
 
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validation-at-parse-time" id="id3">Validation at parse time</a></li>
 
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1" id="id4">DTD</a></li>
 
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#relaxng" id="id5">RelaxNG</a></li>
 
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xmlschema" id="id6">XMLSchema</a></li>
 
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2" id="id7">Schematron</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<p>The usual setup procedure:</p>
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">from</span> <span class="nn">lxml</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">etree</span>
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</pre></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h1><a id="validation-at-parse-time" name="validation-at-parse-time">Validation at parse time</a></h1>
 
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<div class="section" id="validation-at-parse-time">
 
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<h1>Validation at parse time</h1>
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<p>The parser in lxml can do on-the-fly validation of a document against
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a DTD or an XML schema.  The DTD is retrieved automatically based on
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the DOCTYPE of the parsed document.  All you have to do is use a
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validation, you should use a non validating parser and run the
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validation separately after parsing the document.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<h1><a id="id1" name="id1">DTD</a></h1>
 
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<div class="section" id="id1">
 
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<h1>DTD</h1>
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<p>As described above, the parser support for DTDs depends on internal or
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external subsets of the XML file.  This means that the XML file itself
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must either contain a DTD or must reference a DTD to make this work.
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="n">dtd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">etree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DTD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">external_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<h1><a id="relaxng" name="relaxng">RelaxNG</a></h1>
 
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<div class="section" id="relaxng">
 
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<h1>RelaxNG</h1>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RelaxNG</span></tt> class takes an ElementTree object to construct a Relax NG
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validator:</p>
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<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'''</span><span class="se">\</span>
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<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">doc2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relaxng</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">relaxng_doc</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">False</span>
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</pre></div>
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<p>libxml2 does not currently support the <a class="reference" href="http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html">RelaxNG Compact Syntax</a>.
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However, the <a class="reference" href="http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html">trang</a> translator can convert the compact syntax to the
 
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<p>libxml2 does not currently support the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html">RelaxNG Compact Syntax</a>.
 
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However, the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html">trang</a> translator can convert the compact syntax to the
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XML syntax, which can then be used with lxml.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<h1><a id="xmlschema" name="xmlschema">XMLSchema</a></h1>
 
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<div class="section" id="xmlschema">
 
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<h1>XMLSchema</h1>
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<p>lxml.etree also has XML Schema (XSD) support, using the class
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lxml.etree.XMLSchema.  The API is very similar to the Relax NG and DTD
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classes.  Pass an ElementTree object to construct a XMLSchema validator:</p>
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<span class="go">False</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<h1><a id="id2" name="id2">Schematron</a></h1>
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<p>Since version 2.0, lxml.etree features <a class="reference" href="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron">Schematron</a> support, using the
 
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<div class="section" id="id2">
 
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<h1>Schematron</h1>
 
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<p>Since version 2.0, lxml.etree features <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron">Schematron</a> support, using the
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class lxml.etree.Schematron.  It requires at least libxml2 2.6.21 to
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work.  The API is the same as for the other validators.  Pass an
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ElementTree object to construct a Schematron validator:</p>
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</div>
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<div class="footer">
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<hr class="footer" />
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Generated on: 2009-01-06.
 
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Generated on: 2009-06-21.
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</div>
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</body>