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# template script for generating ubuntu container for LXC
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# This script consolidates and extends the existing lxc ubuntu scripts
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# Copyright � 2011 Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
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# Copyright � 2010 Wilhelm Meier
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# Author: Wilhelm Meier <wilhelm.meier@fh-kl.de>
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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if [ -r /etc/default/lxc ]; then
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# configure the network using the dhcp
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/network/interfaces
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iface lo inet loopback
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/hostname
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost $hostname
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if [ "$release" != "precise" ]; then
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# suppress log level output for udev
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sed -i "s/=\"err\"/=0/" $rootfs/etc/udev/udev.conf
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# remove jobs for consoles 5 and 6 since we only create 4 consoles in
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rm -f $rootfs/etc/init/tty{5,6}.conf
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if [ -z "$bindhome" ]; then
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chroot $rootfs useradd --create-home -s /bin/bash ubuntu
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echo "ubuntu:ubuntu" | chroot $rootfs chpasswd
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# finish setting up the user in the container by injecting ssh key and
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# adding sudo group membership.
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# passed-in user is either 'ubuntu' or the user to bind in from host.
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if [ "$release" = "precise" ]; then
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for group in $groups; do
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chroot $rootfs groupadd --system $group >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
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chroot $rootfs adduser ${user} $group >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
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if [ -n "$auth_key" -a -f "$auth_key" ]; then
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u_path="/home/${user}/.ssh"
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root_u_path="$rootfs/$u_path"
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cp $auth_key "$root_u_path/authorized_keys"
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chroot $rootfs chown -R ${user}: "$u_path"
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echo "Inserted SSH public key from $auth_key into /home/${user}/.ssh/authorized_keys"
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# $1 => path to the rootfs
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# $2 => architecture we want to add
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# $3 => whether to use the multi-arch syntax or not
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MIRROR=${MIRROR:-http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu}
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SECURITY_MIRROR=${SECURITY_MIRROR:-http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu}
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MIRROR=${MIRROR:-http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu}
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SECURITY_MIRROR=${SECURITY_MIRRORMIRROR:-http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu}
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MIRROR=${MIRROR:-http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports}
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SECURITY_MIRROR=${SECURITY_MIRROR:-http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports}
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MIRROR=${MIRROR:-http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports}
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SECURITY_MIRROR=${SECURITY_MIRROR:-http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports}
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cat >> "$1/etc/apt/sources.list" << EOF
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deb [arch=$2] $MIRROR ${release} main restricted universe multiverse
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deb [arch=$2] $MIRROR ${release}-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb [arch=$2] $SECURITY_MIRROR ${release}-security main restricted universe multiverse
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cat >> "$1/etc/apt/sources.list" << EOF
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deb $MIRROR ${release} main restricted universe multiverse
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deb $MIRROR ${release}-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb $SECURITY_MIRROR ${release}-security main restricted universe multiverse
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if [ $release = "lucid" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,dhcp3-client,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg
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elif [ $release = "maverick" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,dhcp3-client,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase
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elif [ $release = "natty" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,isc-dhcp-client,isc-dhcp-common,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,isc-dhcp-client,isc-dhcp-common,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase,ubuntu-keyring
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echo "installing packages: $packages"
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# check the mini ubuntu was not already downloaded
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mkdir -p "$cache/partial-$arch"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to create '$cache/partial-$arch' directory"
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# download a mini ubuntu into a cache
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echo "Downloading ubuntu $release minimal ..."
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if [ -n "$(which qemu-debootstrap)" ]; then
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qemu-debootstrap --verbose --components=main,universe --arch=$arch --include=$packages $release $cache/partial-$arch $MIRROR
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debootstrap --verbose --components=main,universe --arch=$arch --include=$packages $release $cache/partial-$arch $MIRROR
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to download the rootfs, aborting."
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# Serge isn't sure whether we should avoid doing this when
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# $release == `distro-info -d`
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echo "Installing updates"
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> $cache/partial-$arch/etc/apt/sources.list
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write_sourceslist $cache/partial-$arch/ $arch
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chroot "$1/partial-${arch}" apt-get update
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to update the apt cache"
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cat > "$1/partial-${arch}"/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d << EOF
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chmod +x "$1/partial-${arch}"/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
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lxc-unshare -s MOUNT -- chroot "$1/partial-${arch}" apt-get dist-upgrade -y
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rm -f "$1/partial-${arch}"/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
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if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to upgrade the cache"
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mv "$1/partial-$arch" "$1/rootfs-$arch"
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echo "Download complete"
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# make a local copy of the miniubuntu
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echo "Copying rootfs to $rootfs ..."
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rsync -a $cache/rootfs-$arch/ $rootfs/ || return 1
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cache="/var/cache/lxc/$release"
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mkdir -p /var/lock/subsys/
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Cache repository is busy."
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if [ $flushcache -eq 1 ]; then
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echo "Flushing cache..."
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rm -rf "$cache/partial-$arch"
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rm -rf "$cache/rootfs-$arch"
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echo "Checking cache download in $cache/rootfs-$arch ... "
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if [ ! -e "$cache/rootfs-$arch" ]; then
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download_ubuntu $cache $arch $release
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to download 'ubuntu $release base'"
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echo "Copy $cache/rootfs-$arch to $rootfs ... "
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copy_ubuntu $cache $arch $rootfs
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to copy rootfs"
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) 200>/var/lock/subsys/lxc
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if [ $arch = "i386" ]; then
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if [ $release = "precise" ]; then
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# if there is exactly one veth network entry, make sure it has an
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nics=`grep -e '^lxc\.network\.type[ \t]*=[ \t]*veth' $path/config | wc -l`
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if [ $nics -eq 1 ]; then
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grep -q "^lxc.network.hwaddr" $path/config || cat <<EOF >> $path/config
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lxc.network.hwaddr= 00:16:3e:$(openssl rand -hex 3| sed 's/\(..\)/\1:/g; s/.$//')
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cat <<EOF >> $path/config
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lxc.devttydir =$ttydir
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lxc.mount = $path/fstab
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lxc.cap.drop = sys_module mac_admin
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lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a
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# Allow any mknod (but not using the node)
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c *:* m
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b *:* m
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm
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#lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm
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#lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:229 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:200 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:7 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:228 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:232 rwm
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cat <<EOF > $path/fstab
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proc $rootfs/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
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sysfs $rootfs/sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to add configuration"
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# provide the lxc service
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/lxc.conf
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# fake some events needed for correct startup other services
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description "Container Upstart"
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rm -rf /var/run/*.pid
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rm -rf /var/run/network/*
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/sbin/initctl emit stopped JOB=udevtrigger --no-wait
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/sbin/initctl emit started JOB=udev --no-wait
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# fix buggus runlevel with sshd
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/ssh.conf
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# ssh - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
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# The OpenSSH server provides secure shell access to the system.
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description "OpenSSH server"
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stop on runlevel [!2345]
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# replaces SSHD_OOM_ADJUST in /etc/default/ssh
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test -x /usr/sbin/sshd || { stop; exit 0; }
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test -e /etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run && { stop; exit 0; }
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test -c /dev/null || { stop; exit 0; }
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mkdir -p -m0755 /var/run/sshd
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# if you used to set SSHD_OPTS in /etc/default/ssh, you can change the
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# 'exec' line here instead
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/console.conf
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# This service maintains a console on tty1 from the point the system is
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# started until it is shut down again.
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start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
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stop on runlevel [!2345]
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exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 /dev/console
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/lib/init/fstab
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# /lib/init/fstab: cleared out for bare-bones lxc
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# reconfigure some services
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if [ -z "$LANG" ]; then
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chroot $rootfs locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
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chroot $rootfs update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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chroot $rootfs locale-gen $LANG
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chroot $rootfs update-locale LANG=$LANG
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# remove pointless services in a container
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chroot $rootfs /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f ondemand remove
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls u*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls tty[2-9].conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls plymouth*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls hwclock*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls module*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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# if this isn't lucid, then we need to twiddle the network upstart bits :(
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if [ $release != "lucid" ]; then
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sed -i 's/^.*emission handled.*$/echo Emitting lo/' $rootfs/etc/network/if-up.d/upstart
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if [ $trim_container -eq 1 ]; then
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trim $rootfs $release
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elif [ $release = "lucid" -o $release = "maverick" -o $release = "natty" \
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-o $release = "oneiric" ]; then
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# for lucid and maverick, if not trimming, then add the ubuntu-virt
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# ppa and install lxcguest
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if [ $release = "lucid" -o $release = "maverick" ]; then
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chroot $rootfs apt-get install --force-yes -y python-software-properties
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chroot $rootfs add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-virt/ppa
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cresolvonf="${rootfs}/etc/resolv.conf"
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mv $cresolvonf ${cresolvonf}.lxcbak
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cat /etc/resolv.conf > ${cresolvonf}
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chroot $rootfs apt-get update
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chroot $rootfs apt-get install --force-yes -y lxcguest
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mv ${cresolvonf}.lxcbak ${cresolvonf}
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# If the container isn't running a native architecture, setup multiarch
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if [ -x "$(ls -1 ${rootfs}/usr/bin/qemu-*-static 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
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mkdir -p ${rootfs}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d
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echo "foreign-architecture ${hostarch}" > ${rootfs}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/lxc-multiarch
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# Save existing value of MIRROR and SECURITY_MIRROR
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DEFAULT_MIRROR=$MIRROR
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DEFAULT_SECURITY_MIRROR=$SECURITY_MIRROR
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# Write a new sources.list containing both native and multiarch entries
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> ${rootfs}/etc/apt/sources.list
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write_sourceslist $rootfs $arch "native"
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MIRROR=$DEFAULT_MIRROR
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SECURITY_MIRROR=$DEFAULT_SECURITY_MIRROR
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write_sourceslist $rootfs $hostarch "multiarch"
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# Finally update the lists and install upstart using the host architecture
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chroot $rootfs apt-get update
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chroot $rootfs apt-get install --force-yes -y --no-install-recommends upstart:${hostarch} mountall:amd64 iproute:amd64 isc-dhcp-client:amd64
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# copy /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group entries into container
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pwd=`getent passwd $user` || { echo "Failed to copy password entry for $user"; false; }
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echo $pwd >> $rootfs/etc/passwd
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# make sure user's shell exists in the container
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shell=`echo $pwd | cut -d: -f 7`
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if [ ! -x $rootfs/$shell ]; then
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echo "shell $shell for user $user was not found in the container."
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pkg=`dpkg -S $(readlink -m $shell) | cut -d ':' -f1`
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echo "Installing $pkg"
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chroot $rootfs apt-get --force-yes -y install $pkg
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shad=`getent shadow $user`
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echo "$shad" >> $rootfs/etc/shadow
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# bind-mount the user's path into the container's /home
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h=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f 6`
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echo "$h $rootfs/$h none bind 0 0" >> $path/fstab
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# Make sure the group exists in container
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grp=`echo $pwd | cut -d: -f 4` # group number for $user
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grpe=`getent group $grp` || return 0 # if host doesn't define grp, ignore in container
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chroot $rootfs getent group "$grpe" || echo "$grpe" >> $rootfs/etc/group
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$1 -h|--help [-a|--arch] [-b|--bindhome <user>] [--trim] [-d|--debug]
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[-F | --flush-cache] [-r|--release <release>] [ -S | --auth-key <keyfile>]
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release: lucid | maverick | natty | oneiric | precise
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trim: make a minimal (faster, but not upgrade-safe) container
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bindhome: bind <user>'s home into the container
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The ubuntu user will not be created, and <user> will have
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arch: amd64 or i386: defaults to host arch
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auth-key: SSH Public key file to inject into container
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options=$(getopt -o a:b:hp:r:xn:FS:d -l arch:,bindhome:,help,path:,release:,trim,name:,flush-cache,auth-key:,debug -- "$@")
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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eval set -- "$options"
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if [ -f /etc/lsb-release ]; then
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case "$DISTRIB_CODENAME" in
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lucid|maverick|natty|oneiric|precise)
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release=$DISTRIB_CODENAME
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# Code taken from debootstrap
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if [ -x /usr/bin/dpkg ] && /usr/bin/dpkg --print-architecture >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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arch=`/usr/bin/dpkg --print-architecture`
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elif type udpkg >/dev/null 2>&1 && udpkg --print-architecture >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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arch=`/usr/bin/udpkg --print-architecture`
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if [ "$arch" = "i686" ]; then
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elif [ "$arch" = "x86_64" ]; then
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elif [ "$arch" = "armv7l" ]; then
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-h|--help) usage $0 && exit 0;;
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-p|--path) path=$2; shift 2;;
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-n|--name) name=$2; shift 2;;
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-F|--flush-cache) flushcache=1; shift 1;;
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-r|--release) release=$2; shift 2;;
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-b|--bindhome) bindhome=$2; shift 2;;
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-a|--arch) arch=$2; shift 2;;
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-x|--trim) trim_container=1; shift 1;;
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-S|--auth-key) auth_key=$2; shift 2;;
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-d|--debug) debug=1; shift 1;;
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--) shift 1; break ;;
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if [ $debug -eq 1 ]; then
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if [ -n "$bindhome" ]; then
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pwd=`getent passwd $bindhome`
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Error: no password entry found for $bindhome"
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if [ "$arch" == "i686" ]; then
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if [ $hostarch = "i386" -a $arch = "amd64" ]; then
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echo "can't create amd64 container on i386"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "'debootstrap' command is missing"
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if [ -z "$path" ]; then
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echo "'path' parameter is required"
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if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
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echo "This script should be run as 'root'"
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install_ubuntu $rootfs $release $flushcache
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed to install ubuntu $release"
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configure_ubuntu $rootfs $name $release
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed to configure ubuntu $release for a container"
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copy_configuration $path $rootfs $name $arch $release
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed write configuration file"
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post_process $rootfs $release $trim_container
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if [ -n "$bindhome" ]; then
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do_bindhome $rootfs $bindhome
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finalize_user $bindhome
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echo "# The default user is 'ubuntu' with password 'ubuntu'!"
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echo "# Use the 'sudo' command to run tasks as root in the container."
added
removed
.pc/0062-templates-relative-paths/templates/lxc-ubuntu.in
