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- Committer: Bazaar Package Importer
- Author(s): Muharem Hrnjadovic
- Date: 2009-06-04 13:01:13 UTC
- mfrom: (1.1.5 upstream) (6.1.1 sid)
- Revision ID: james.westby@ubuntu.com-20090604130113-my9114jxmafpwew3
Tags: 7:6.5.1.0-1.1ubuntu1
* Merge from debian unstable, remaining changes:
- (Build-)depend on libltdl7-dev instead of libltdl3-dev (the armel buildds
currently have both available).
- Don't build-dep on librsvg, it brings in excessive dependencies
- (Build-)depend on libltdl7-dev instead of libltdl3-dev (the armel buildds
currently have both available).
- Don't build-dep on librsvg, it brings in excessive dependencies
- files added:
- coders/hrz.c
- files removed:
- config/type-solaris.xml.in
- utilities/tests
- files modified:
- AUTHORS.txt
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www/command-line-options.html
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href="#respect-parenthesis">-respect-parenthesis</a> • <a href="#reverse">-reverse</a> • <a href="#roll">-roll</a> • <a href="#rotate">-rotate</a> • <a href="#sample">-sample</a> • <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> • <a href="#scale">-scale</a> • <a href="#scene">-scene</a> • <a href="#screen">-screen</a> • <a href="#seed">-seed</a> • <a href="#segment">-segment</a> • <a href="#separate">-separate</a> • <a href="#sepia-tone">-sepia-tone</a> • <a href="#set">-set</a> • <a href="#shade">-shade</a> • <a href="#shadow">-shadow</a> • <a href="#shared-memory">-shared-memory</a> • <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a> • <a href="#shave">-shave</a> • <a href="#shear">-shear</a> • <a href="#sigmoidal-contrast">-sigmoidal-contrast</a> • <a href="#silent">-silent</a> • <a href="#size">-size</a> • <a href="#sketch">-sketch</a> • <a href="#snaps">-snaps</a> • <a href="#solarize">-solarize</a> • <a href="#sparse-color">-sparse-color</a> • <a href="#splice">-splice</a> • <a href="#spread">-spread</a> • <a href="#stegano">-stegano</a> • <a href="#stereo">-stereo</a> • <a href="#strip">-strip</a> • <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> • <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> • <a href="#swap">-swap</a> • <a href="#swirl">-swirl</a> • <a href="#taint">-taint</a> • <a href="#text-font">-text-font</a> • <a href="#texture">-texture</a> • <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> • <a href="#thumbnail">-thumbnail</a> • <a href="#tile">-tile</a> • <a href="#tile-offset">-tile-offset</a> • <a href="#tint">-tint</a> • <a href="#title">-title</a> • <a href="#transform">-transform</a> • <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> • <a href="#transparent-color">-transparent-color</a> • <a href="#transpose">-transpose</a> • <a href="#transverse">-transverse</a> • <a href="#treedepth">-treedepth</a> • <a href="#trim">-trim</a> • <a href="#type">-type</a> • <a href="#undercolor">-undercolor</a> • <a href="#unique-colors">-unique-colors</a> • <a href="#units">-units</a> • <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> • <a href="#update">-update</a> • <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> • <a href="#version">-version</a> • <a href="#view">-view</a> • <a href="#vignette">-vignette</a> • <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> • <a href="#visual">-visual</a> • <a href="#watermark">-watermark</a> • <a href="#wave">-wave</a> • <a href="#white-point">-white-point</a> • <a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a> • <a href="#window">-window</a> • <a href="#window-group">-window-group</a> • <a href="#write">-write</a>]</p>
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<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="option">radius</em>{x<em class="option">sigma</em>}</h4>
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<p>adaptively blur pixels; descreasing its effect near edges.</p>
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<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
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<p>resize image with data dependent triangulation.</p>
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<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="option">radius</em>{x<em class="option">sigma</em>}</h4>
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<p>adaptively sharpen pixels; increasng its effect near edges.</p>
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<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
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href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ]
149
</p>
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<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands
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<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>, and .... </p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
156
</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
161
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<div style="margin: auto;">
163
<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
164
</div>
165
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
169
170
<div style="margin: auto;">
171
<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
172
</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
128
177
129
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="adjoin" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
131
180
</div>
132
181
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<p>join images into a single multi-image file.</p>
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<p>Enabled by default. <a href="#adjoin">-adjoin</a> will try to save all
136
images of an image sequence in the same file. </p>
137
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<p>However, some formats, such as JPEG, and PNG, do not support more than one
139
image per file and IM is forced to write each image into separate files. As
140
such if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given will be
141
modified with a <A HREF="#scene" >-scene</A> number added before the
142
suffix, to made multiple filenames, one for each image. </p>
143
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<p>You can use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
145
into separate files regardless of if the file format allows multiple images
146
per file (for example GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
147
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<p>Adding a '<kbd>%d</kbd>' (as per the <kbd>printf()</kbd>' library function)
149
to the output filename, defining the placement of the <A HREF="#scene"
150
>-scene</A> number, will also automatically enable saving images to one image
151
per files. </p>
152
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<p>In summary, ImageMagick trys to write all images to one file, but will use
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multiple files if either: image file format does not allow multi-image files,
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a <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> setting is given, or a '<kbd>%d</kbd>' is
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt will be made to save all
185
images of an image sequence into the given output file.
186
However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
187
image per file, and in that case IM is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
188
such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given will be
189
modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
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suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
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<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
193
to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
194
per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
195
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<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automatically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
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<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
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<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
200
</p>
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<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
203
multiple files if either (1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
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(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or (3) a C-style integer format string is
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present in the output filename. </p>
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158
207
159
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<div style="margin: auto;">
160
<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="option">matrix</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>Set the drawing transformation matrix.</p>
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<p>This option provides a transformation matrix {<em class="option">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="option">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="option">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="option">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="option">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="option">t<sub>y</sub></em>} for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
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<p>The transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new coordinate { <em class="option">x<sup>'</sup></em>, <em class="option">y<sup>'</sup></em> } of a pixel {<em class="option">x</em>, <em class="option">y</em>} in the transformed image is calculated using the following matrix equation:</p>
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<pre class="text">
170
| s<sub>x</sub> r<sub>x</sub> 0 |
171
{ x<sup>'</sup> y<sup>'</sup> 1 } = { x y 1 } * | r<sub>y</sub> s<sub>y</sub> 0 |
172
| t<sub>x</sub> t<sub>y</sub> 1 |
173
</pre>
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<p>The size of the resulting image is set so that the rotated and scaled source image is exactly contained within the new image area. The <em class="option">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="option">t<sub>y</sub></em> parameters subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image areare cut off.</p>
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<p>As do the pixel coordinates, the transform matrix uses a left-handed coordinate system (positive direction is rightward resp. downward; positive rotation is clockwise).</p>
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<p>Scaling by the factor <em class="option">s</em> is accomplished with the matrix:</p>
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<pre class="text">
182
{s, 0, 0, s, 0, 0}
183
</pre>
184
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<p>Translation by a displacement {<em class="option">d<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="option">d<sub>y</sub></em>} is accomplished with the matrix:</p>
186
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<pre class="text">
188
{1, 0, 0, 1, d<sub>x</sub>, d<sub>y</sub>}
189
</pre>
190
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<p>Rotation clockwise about the origin by an angle <em class="option">a</em> is accomplished with the matrix:</p>
192
193
<pre class="text">
194
{cos(a), sin(a), -sin(a), cos(a), 0, 0}
195
</pre>
196
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<p>A series of operations can be accomplished by using a matrix that is the multiple of the matrices for each operation.</p>
209
<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
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-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
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<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
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<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
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<div class="eqn">
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<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
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</div>
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<p>
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The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
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<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
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<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
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<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
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<p class="crtsnip">
235
-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
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</p>
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<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
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<p class="crtsnip">
241
-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
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</p>
243
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<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
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<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
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<p class="crtsnip">
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-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
249
</p>
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<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
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<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
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254
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="option">type</em></h4>
256
<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
201
257
</div>
202
258
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<p>control of and special operations involving the alpha/matte channel of an
204
image</p>
205
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<p>Alpha sets a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use alpha
207
channel data. But also will perform other operations specific to the control
208
of the alpha or transparency channel. Choose from these options:</p>
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<table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
262
channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
263
264
265
<table class="doc">
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266
<tbody>
213
267
<tr valign="top">
214
268
<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
219
273
<td valign="top"><kbd>Off</kbd> or
220
274
<kbd>Deactivate</kbd></td>
221
275
<td valign="top">
222
Disabled the images transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
223
existing data, just turns of the use of that data. This is the same as
224
the older <A HREF="#matte" >+matte</A> operator. </td></tr>
276
Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
277
existing data, just turns off the use of that data. This is the same as
278
the older <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
225
279
226
280
<tr valign="top">
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281
<td valign="top"><kbd>On</kbd> or
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<kbd>Activate</kbd></td>
229
283
<td valign="top">
230
Enable the images use of transparency. If transparency data did not
231
exist, allocate the data and set to opaque. If the image previously had
232
transparency data, the data is again enable as it was when turned off.
233
The transparency data is not changed or modified in any way. It is NOT
234
the same as the older <A HREF="#matte" >-matte</A> operator. </td></tr>
284
Enables the image's use of transparency. If transparency data does not
285
already exist, allocates the data and sets it to opaque. If the image has
286
transparency data, the channel is enabled and the transparency data is not changed or modified in any way. This is NOT
287
the same as the older <a href="#matte" >-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
235
288
236
289
<tr valign="top">
237
290
<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
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291
<td valign="top">
239
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Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and if it was previously
240
293
turned off resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had the
241
alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect. </td></tr>
294
alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect. This is the same as the older <a href="#matte">-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
242
295
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<tr valign="top">
244
297
<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
250
303
<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
251
304
<td valign="top">
252
305
Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
253
transparent. This effectivally creates a transparent image the same
254
size as the original, with all its meta-data still attached. </td></tr>
306
transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the same
307
size as the original and with all its original RGB data still intact. </td></tr>
255
308
256
309
<tr valign="top">
257
310
<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
258
311
<td valign="top">
259
312
Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
260
<kbd>Off</kbd> the the images transparency so as to generate a
261
gray-scale mask of the images shape. This is the inverse of
313
'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate a
314
gray-scale mask of the image's shape. This is the inverse of
262
315
'<kbd>Copy</kbd>'. </td></tr>
263
316
264
317
<tr valign="top">
265
318
<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
266
319
<td valign="top">
267
Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then Copies the
268
gray-scale intensity of the image, as alpha mask, into the alpha
269
channel, converting a gray-scale mask, into a transparent shaped image
320
Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
321
gray-scale intensity of the image, as an alpha mask, into the alpha
322
channel, converting a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped image
270
323
ready to be colored appropriately. The color channels are not modified.
271
324
</td></tr>
272
325
280
333
</tbody>
281
334
</table>
282
335
283
<p>Note that while <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as a
336
<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
284
337
"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
285
>-matte</a> operation is as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" and
286
not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> on</kbd>". That is it will ensure the
287
image remains '<kbd>opaque</kbd>' if the given image had no transparency
288
channel enabled, regardless if old existing transparency data is present. </p>
338
>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" and
339
not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> on</kbd>".
340
That is, "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" will ensure that the
341
written image is opaque if the original image had no transparency
342
channel enabled, regardless if transparency data is already present. </p>
289
343
290
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291
345
<div style="margin: auto;">
292
<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>-annotate <em class="option">x-rotate</em> <em class="option">text</em><br />-annotate <em class="option">x-rotate</em>x<em class="option">y-rotate</em>{+-}<em class="option">x</em>{+-}<em class="option">y text</em></h4>
346
<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>
347
-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
348
-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
349
-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
293
350
</div>
294
351
295
<p>annotate an image with text.</p>
296
297
<p>This a convenience option for annotating your image with text. For more precise control over your text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
298
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<p><em class="option">X-rotate</em> and <em class="option">Y-rotate</em> give the angle of the text and <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
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<p>If the first character of <em class="option">text</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Text in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
353
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<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
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<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
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<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
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<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
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<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
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<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
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<p>If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file 'mytext.txt'. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="antialias" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
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</div>
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<p>remove pixel aliasing.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixel aliasing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>By default, objects are antialiased when drawn (e.g. lines, polygon, etc.). Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable antialiasing. Without antialiasing, you can avoid increasing the unique colors in an image, draw fixed width lines, or improve the rendering speed.</p>
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<p>By default, objects (e.g. lines, polygon, etc.) are antialiased when drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable antialiasing. By disabling antialiasing, an increase in the number of unique colors in an image can be avoided, fixed-width lines can be drawn, and rendering speed can be improved.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
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</div>
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<p>append a set of images.</p>
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<p>This option creates a single image where the images in the original set are stacked top-to-bottom. If they are not of the same width, any narrow images will be expanded to fit using the current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to stack images left-to-right. The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the <a href="#append">-append</a> option appears after all of the input images, all images are appended.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="option">value</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="option">password</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>decipher image with this password.</p>
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<p>Use this option to supply a password for decipher an image or an image sequence, if it is being read from a format such as PDF that supports enciphering. Enciphering images being written is not supported.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Stack a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>This option creates a single image where the images in the original set are stacked top-to-bottom. If they are not of the same width, narrower images will be padded with the current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to stack images left-to-right. The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the <a href="#append">-append</a> option appears after all of the input images, all images are stacked.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
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<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
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</div>
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<p>automatically orient (rotate) image from a digital camera.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automatically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="average" id="average"></a>-average</h4>
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</div>
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<p>average a set of images.</p>
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<p>The set of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the <a href="#average">-average</a> option appears after all of the input images, all images are averaged.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
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<p>The sequence of images is terminated by the appearance of any option. If the <a href="#average">-average</a> option appears after all of the input images, all images are averaged.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop <em class="option">color</em></h4>
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<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>display the image centered on a backdrop.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
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<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="option">color</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>the background color.</p>
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<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="option">iterations</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>measure performance.</p>
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<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="option">value</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
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</div>
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<p>add bias when convolving an image.</p>
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<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output.</p>
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<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 biglogo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.0539724ips 91.750u 2:33</span></p>
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<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.0539724 iterations per second, using 91.750 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 2 minutes and 33 seconds.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
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<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values will be clipped at zero.</p>
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<p>When using an IM with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed,
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as IM will be able to store/handle any negative results without
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clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).</p>
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<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
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<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
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</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="black-point-compensation" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
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</div>
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<p>use black point compensation.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>force all pixels at or below the threshold into black while leaving all pixels above the threshold unchanged.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="option">x</em>,<em class="option">y</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>blue chromaticity primary point.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="option">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="option">radius</em>x<em class="option">sigma</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels at or below the threshold while leaving all pixels above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">percent</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
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<p>If only a single percentage value is given, it is used as the dissolve percentage for the overlay, while the background image is dissolved by the exact opposite amount. That is a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> dissolves the overlay by 30%, and the background by 70% before the two images are added together. thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70</kbd>.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
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<ul><dd><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></dd></ul>
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<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
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<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the linear separable properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="option">width</em><br />-border <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>surround the image with a border of color.</p>
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<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="option">color</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>the border color.</p>
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<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
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</div>
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<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. If a radius of 0 is specified, ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
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<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are ignored. </p>
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<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
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<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more functionality.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
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<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>the border width.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
430
</div>
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<p>(This option has been replaced by the <a href="#limit">-limit</a> option).</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="option">string</em></h4>
436
</div>
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<p>assign a caption to an image.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="option">type</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>define the image color channels later operators may be limited to.</p>
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<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
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</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators will be limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
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<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use the <a href="#list">-list channel</a> option.</p>
551
<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list channel</a>.</p>
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<p>You can specify the above as a comma separated list of channels, or
451
concatenate the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>', '<kbd>B</kbd>',
553
<p>The channels above can be specified as a comma-separated list or can be abbreviated as a
554
concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>', '<kbd>B</kbd>',
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'<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>', '<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>',
453
'<kbd>K</kbd>', to specify specific multiple channels for later operators to be
454
applied to.
556
'<kbd>K</kbd>'.
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For example to only negate the alpha channel of an image, use</p>
457
<pre class="text">
558
For example, to negate only the alpha channel of an image, use</p>
559
<p class="crtsnip">
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560
-channel Alpha -negate
459
</pre>
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<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel" >"-channel</a> to the value
462
'<kbd>RGB</kbd>' to limit channel affected operators to all channels, except
463
the opacity channel, in an image. Using the option <a href="#channel" >"+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
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<p>Operators that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >"-channel</a>
466
setting include:
467
<a href="#blur" >"-blur</a>,
468
<a href="#combine" >"-combine</a>,
469
<a href="#contrast-stretch" >"-contrast-stretch</a>,
470
<a href="#evaluate" >"-evaluate</a>,
471
<a href="#fx" >"-fx</a>,
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<a href="#gaussian-blur" >"-gaussian-blur</a>,
473
<a href="#motion-blur" >"-motion-blur</a>,
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<a href="#negate" >"-negate</a>,
475
<a href="#normalize" >"-normalize</a>,
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<a href="#ordered-dither" >"-ordered-dither</a>,
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<a href="#radial-blur" >"-radial-blur</a>,
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<a href="#random-threshold" >"-random-threshold</a>,
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<a href="#separate" >"-separate</a>,
480
and <a href="#threshold" >-threshold</a>. </p>
481
482
483
<div style="margin: auto;">
484
<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="option">factor</em></h4>
485
</div>
486
487
<p>simulate a charcoal drawing.</p>
488
489
<div style="margin: auto;">
490
<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
491
</div>
492
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<p>remove pixels from the interior of an image.</p>
494
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<p><em class="option">Width</em> and <em class="option">height</em> give the number of columns and rows to remove, and <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> are offsets that give the location of the leftmost column and topmost row to remove.</p>
496
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<p>The <kbd class="option">x</kbd> offset normally specifies the leftmost column to remove. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the rightmost column to remove. Similarly, the <kbd class="option">y</kbd> offset normally specifies the topmost row to remove, but if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it specifies the distance upward from the bottom edge of the image to the bottom row to remove.</p>
498
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<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a>option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
561
</p>
562
563
<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
564
'<kbd>RGB</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all channels except
565
the opacity channel. Using the option <a href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
566
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<p>Operators that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
568
setting include the following.
569
<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
570
<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
571
<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
572
<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
573
<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
574
<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
575
<a href="#function">-function</a>,
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<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
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<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
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<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
579
<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
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<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
581
<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
582
<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
583
<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
584
<a href="#separate">-separate</a>, and
585
<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
586
</p>
587
588
589
<div style="margin: auto;">
590
<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
591
</div>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
594
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<div style="margin: auto;">
596
<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
597
</div>
598
599
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
600
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<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
602
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<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
500
604
501
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<div style="margin: auto;">
502
606
<h4><a name="clip" id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
503
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</div>
504
608
505
<p>apply the clipping path, if one is present.</p>
609
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
506
610
507
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<p>If a clipping path is present, it will be applied to subsequent operations.</p>
508
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509
<p>For example, if you type the following command:</p>
510
511
<pre class="text">
512
convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif
513
</pre>
514
613
<p>For example, in the command</p>
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<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
515
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<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
516
617
517
618
<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
520
621
<h4><a name="clip-mask" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
521
622
</div>
522
623
523
<p>clip image as defined by this mask.</p>
524
525
<div style="margin: auto;">
526
<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="option">id</em></h4>
527
</div>
528
529
<p>clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</p>
530
531
<div style="margin: auto;">
532
<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="option">index(s)</em></h4>
533
</div>
534
535
<p>make a copy of an image (or images).</p>
624
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
625
626
<div style="margin: auto;">
627
<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
628
</div>
629
630
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
631
632
<div style="margin: auto;">
633
<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
634
</div>
635
636
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
536
637
537
638
<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
538
0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
639
0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for example, −1
539
640
represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
540
dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <a
641
dash (e.g. 0−4). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no spaces (e.g. 0,2,5). Use <a
541
642
href="#clone">+clone</a> make a copy of the last image in the image
542
643
sequence.</p>
543
644
545
646
<h4><a name="clut" id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
546
647
</div>
547
648
548
<p>Given two images, replace the channel values in the first image, with a
549
lookup of its replacement value in second LUT gradient image. </p>
550
551
<p>The LUT image should be either a single row or column image of replacement
552
colors. The lookup is controled by the <a
553
href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, especially for an LUT which is
554
not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quailty (Q) level. Good setings
555
for this the default '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' or '<kbd>bicubic</kbd>'
556
interpolation setting for a smooth color gradient, or '<kbd>integer</kbd>'
557
for a direct unsmoothed lookup of color values. </p>
558
559
<p>Also only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
560
setting will have there values replaced. </p>
561
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<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with
649
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Given two images, replace the channel values in the first image using each corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor <b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
650
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<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image, and in the most straightforward case should be either a single row or column image of replacement colors. (Any image can actually be used; the pixels in the LUT image are treated as a linear sequence, starting at the upper-left corner, and reading left-to-right in each row, rows being read top-to-bottom.)
652
</p>
653
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<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
655
href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an LUT which is
656
not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality (Q) level. Good settings
657
for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and '<kbd>bicubic</kbd>'
658
interpolation settings, which give smooth color gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting
659
for a direct, unsmoothed lookup of color values. </p>
660
661
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<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
563
663
specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
564
664
565
<p>Note that color replacements involving transparency (alpha/matte channel)
566
will lookup the replacement alpha/matte value using the alpha/matte value of
567
the original image. As such correct alpha channel lookup for a pure gray-scale
665
<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
666
setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
667
setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected without a change to the <a href="#channel">-channel</a> setting. When the alpha channel is set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the alpha/matte values of
668
the original image. As such, correct alpha channel lookup for a pure grayscale
568
669
original image will require a copy of that grayscale to be transfered into its
569
670
alpha channel before applying the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator. The
570
671
special "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" operation can be used
574
675
<h4><a name="coalesce" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
575
676
</div>
576
677
577
<p>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' like animation.</p>
578
579
<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence accoding to their <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to re-produce the actual look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings so the animation will continues to work as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed, and processed, than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
580
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<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no gurantee that the restored GIF animation optimization will be better than the original. </p>
582
583
584
<div style="margin: auto;">
585
<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="option">value</em></h4>
586
</div>
587
588
<p>colorize the image with the fill color.</p>
589
590
<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. You can apply separate colorization values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a colorization value list delimited with commas (e.g. <kbd>0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
591
592
<div style="margin: auto;">
593
<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="option">type</em></h4>
594
</div>
595
596
<p>define the colormap type.</p>
597
598
<p>Choose between <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
599
600
<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. Choose <kbd>Private</kbd> and the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
601
602
<div style="margin: auto;">
603
<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="option">value</em></h4>
604
</div>
605
606
<p>preferred number of colors in the image.</p>
607
608
<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors since doing so is most efficient. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
609
610
<div style="margin: auto;">
611
<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="option">value</em></h4>
612
</div>
613
614
<p>the image colorspace.</p>
678
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
679
680
<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
681
682
<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization will be better than the original. </p>
683
684
685
<div style="margin: auto;">
686
<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
687
</div>
688
689
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
690
691
<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a comma-delimited list of colorization values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
692
693
<div style="margin: auto;">
694
<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
695
</div>
696
697
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
698
699
<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
700
701
<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
702
703
<div style="margin: auto;">
704
<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
705
</div>
706
707
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
708
709
<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
710
711
<div style="margin: auto;">
712
<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
713
</div>
714
715
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
615
716
616
717
<p>Choices are:</p>
617
718
640
741
YUV
641
742
</pre>
642
743
643
<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
644
645
<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
646
647
<blockquote>
648
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border=1 align="left">
649
<caption><h3>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</h3></caption>
744
<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
745
746
<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
747
748
<table class="doc">
749
<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
650
750
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
651
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=QuantumRange-R</td></tr>
652
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=QuantumRange-G</td></tr>
653
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=QuantumRange-B</td></tr>
654
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK - starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
751
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
752
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
753
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
754
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
655
755
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
656
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=QuantumRange*(C-K)/(QuantumRange-K)</td></tr>
657
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=QuantumRange*(M-K)/(QuantumRange-K)</td></tr>
658
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=QuantumRange*(Y-K)/(QuantumRange-K)</td></tr>
756
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
757
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
758
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
659
759
660
760
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
661
761
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
662
762
663
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB - Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
763
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
664
764
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
665
765
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
666
766
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
667
767
668
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL - Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
768
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
669
769
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
670
770
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
671
771
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5*max(R,G,B) + 0.5*min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
672
772
673
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB - Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
773
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
674
774
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
675
775
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
676
776
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
685
785
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
686
786
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
687
787
688
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA - approximates principal components transformation</td></tr>
788
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
689
789
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333*R+0.33334*G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
690
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000*R+0.00000*G-0.50000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
691
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(-0.25000*R+0.50000*G-0.25000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
790
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000*R+0.00000*G−0.50000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
791
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000*R+0.50000*G−0.25000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
692
792
693
793
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
694
794
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
695
795
696
796
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
697
797
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
698
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(-0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
699
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R-0.418688*G-0.081312*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
798
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
799
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
700
800
701
801
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
702
802
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260*R+0.71520*G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
703
803
704
804
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
705
805
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600*R+0.715200*G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
706
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(-0.114572*R-0.385428*G+0.500000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
707
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R-0.454153*G-0.045847*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
806
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572*R−0.385428*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
807
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.454153*G−0.045847*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
708
808
709
809
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
710
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs <= .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
711
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs <= .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
712
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs <= .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
810
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
811
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
812
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
713
813
714
814
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
715
815
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240*R+0.3575790*G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
718
818
719
819
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
720
820
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
721
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(-0.29900*R-0.58700*G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
722
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100*R-0.58700*G-0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
821
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900*R−0.58700*G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
822
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100*R−0.58700*G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
723
823
724
824
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
725
825
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
726
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(-0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
727
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R-0.418688*G-0.081312*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
826
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
827
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
728
828
729
829
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
730
830
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
731
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600*R-0.27400*G-0.32200*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
732
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100*R-0.52300*G+0.31200*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
831
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600*R−0.27400*G−0.32200*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
832
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100*R−0.52300*G+0.31200*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
733
833
734
834
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
735
835
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000*R+0.587000*G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
736
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(-0.168736*R-0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
737
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000*R-0.418688*G-0.081312*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
836
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736*R−0.331264*G+0.500000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
837
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000*R−0.418688*G−0.081312*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
738
838
739
839
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
740
840
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
741
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(-0.14740*R-0.28950*G+0.43690*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
742
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500*R-0.51500*G-0.10000*B)*(QuantumRange+1)/2</td></tr>
841
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740*R−0.28950*G+0.43690*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
842
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500*R−0.51500*G−0.10000*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
743
843
</table>
744
<br clear="all" />
745
</blockquote>
746
844
747
845
<div style="margin: auto;">
748
846
<h4><a name="combine" id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
749
847
</div>
750
848
751
<p>combine one or more images into a single image.</p>
752
753
<p>The grayscale value of the pixels of each image in the sequence is assigned in order to the specified channels of the combined image. The typical ordering would be image 1 = Red, 2 = Green, 3 = Blue, etc.</p>
754
849
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
850
851
<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
852
853
<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
854
</p>
855
856
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
755
857
<div style="margin: auto;">
756
<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment<em class="option">string</em></h4>
858
<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
757
859
</div>
758
860
759
<p>annotate an image with a comment.</p>
760
761
<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. If you want the comment to be visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
861
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
862
863
<p>This option places comments in a non-pixel portion of the image file. For a comment to be visibly written on the image itself, use the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options.</p>
864
865
<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. </p>
762
866
763
867
<p>For example,</p>
764
868
765
<pre class="text">
869
<p class="crtsnip">
766
870
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
767
</pre>
871
</p>
872
768
873
<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
769
874
770
<p>If the first character of <em class="option">string</em> is <em class="option">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
875
<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
771
876
772
877
<div style="margin: auto;">
773
<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="option">operator</em></h4>
878
<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
774
879
</div>
775
880
776
<p>the type of image composition.</p>
777
778
<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow the description to be more clear, while avoiding constant values which are specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). QuantumRange is the maximum integral value which may be stored in the red, green, or blue channels of the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is enabled) have an associated level of opacity (ranging from opaque to transparent), which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The color of an <em>opaque</em> pixel is fully visible while the color of a <em>transparent</em> pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
779
780
<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of equal length, and all image columns have the same number of rows. By treating the alpha channel as a visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. Pixels within the shape are opaque, while pixels outside the shape are transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
881
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
882
883
<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to <em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
884
885
<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
781
886
782
887
<p>The following composite methods are available:</p>
783
888
784
<table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
889
<table class="doc">
785
890
<tbody>
786
<tr valign=top>
891
<tr valign="top">
787
892
<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
788
893
<th align="left">Description</th>
789
894
</tr>
790
895
791
<tr valign=top>
896
<tr valign="top">
792
897
<td valign="top">clear</td>
793
898
<td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used as input.</td>
794
899
</tr>
795
900
796
<tr valign=top>
901
<tr valign="top">
797
902
<td valign="top">src</td>
798
903
<td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination is not used as input.</td>
799
904
</tr>
800
905
801
<tr valign=top>
906
<tr valign="top">
802
907
<td valign="top">dst</td>
803
908
<td valign="top">The destination is left untouched.</td>
804
909
</tr>
805
910
806
<tr valign=top>
807
<td valign="top"><b>src-over</b></td>
911
<tr valign="top">
912
<td valign="top">src-over</td>
808
913
<td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination.</td>
809
914
</tr>
810
915
811
<tr valign=top>
916
<tr valign="top">
812
917
<td valign="top">dst-over</td>
813
918
<td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the result replaces the destination.</td>
814
919
</tr>
815
920
816
<tr valign=top>
921
<tr valign="top">
817
922
<td valign="top">src-in</td>
818
923
<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination replaces the destination.</td>
819
924
</tr>
820
925
821
<tr valign=top>
926
<tr valign="top">
822
927
<td valign="top">dst-in</td>
823
928
<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source replaces the destination.</td>
824
929
</tr>
825
930
826
<tr valign=top>
931
<tr valign="top">
827
932
<td valign="top">src-out</td>
828
933
<td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination replaces the destination.</td>
829
934
</tr>
830
935
831
<tr valign=top>
936
<tr valign="top">
832
937
<td valign="top">dst-out</td>
833
938
<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source replaces the destination.</td>
834
939
</tr>
835
940
836
<tr valign=top>
941
<tr valign="top">
837
942
<td valign="top">src-atop</td>
838
943
<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is composited onto the destination.</td>
839
944
</tr>
840
945
841
<tr valign=top>
946
<tr valign="top">
842
947
<td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
843
948
<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is composited over the source and replaces the destination.</td>
844
949
</tr>
845
950
846
<tr valign=top>
951
<tr valign="top">
847
952
<td valign="top">multiply</td>
848
953
<td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
849
954
</tr>
850
955
851
<tr valign=top>
956
<tr valign="top">
852
957
<td valign="top">screen</td>
853
958
<td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors. Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
854
959
</tr>
855
960
856
<tr valign=top>
961
<tr valign="top">
857
962
<td valign="top">overlay</td>
858
963
<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness or darkness of the destination.</td>
859
964
</tr>
860
965
861
<tr valign=top>
966
<tr valign="top">
862
967
<td valign="top">darken</td>
863
968
<td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors. The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker, otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
864
969
</tr>
865
970
866
<tr valign=top>
971
<tr valign="top">
867
972
<td valign="top">lighten</td>
868
973
<td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors. The destination is replaced with the source when the source is lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
869
974
</tr>
870
975
871
<tr valign=top>
976
<tr valign="top">
872
977
<td valign="top">linear-light</td>
873
978
<td valign="top">Increase contrast slightly with an impact on the foreground's tonal values.</td>
874
979
</tr>
875
980
876
<tr valign=top>
981
<tr valign="top">
877
982
<td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
878
983
<td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
879
984
</tr>
880
985
881
<tr valign=top>
986
<tr valign="top">
882
987
<td valign="top">color-burn</td>
883
988
<td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source color. Painting with white produces no change.</td>
884
989
</tr>
885
990
886
<tr valign=top>
991
<tr valign="top">
887
992
<td valign="top">hard-light</td>
888
993
<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces black or white.</td>
889
994
</tr>
890
995
891
<tr valign=top>
996
<tr valign="top">
892
997
<td valign="top">soft-light</td>
893
998
<td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area, but does not result in pure black or white.</td>
894
999
</tr>
895
1000
896
<tr valign=top>
1001
<tr valign="top">
897
1002
<td valign="top">plus</td>
898
1003
<td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the destination. This operator is useful for animating a dissolve between two images.</td>
899
1004
</tr>
900
1005
901
<tr valign=top>
1006
<tr valign="top">
902
1007
<td valign="top">add</td>
903
1008
<td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
904
1009
values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
905
1010
transparent. </td>
906
1011
</tr>
907
1012
908
<tr valign=top>
1013
<tr valign="top">
909
1014
<td valign="top">minus</td>
910
1015
<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
911
destination image. When transparency is involved, Opaque areas will be
1016
destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas will be
912
1017
subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
913
1018
</tr>
914
1019
915
<tr valign=top>
1020
<tr valign="top">
916
1021
<td valign="top">subtract</td>
917
1022
<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
918
1023
destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
920
1025
the destination image. </td>
921
1026
</tr>
922
1027
923
<tr valign=top>
1028
<tr valign="top">
924
1029
<td valign="top">difference</td>
925
1030
<td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
926
1031
</tr>
927
1032
928
<tr valign=top>
1033
<tr valign="top">
929
1034
<td valign="top">exclusion</td>
930
1035
<td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
931
1036
</tr>
932
1037
933
<tr valign=top>
1038
<tr valign="top">
934
1039
<td valign="top">xor</td>
935
1040
<td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies outside of the source.</td>
936
1041
</tr>
937
1042
938
<tr valign=top>
1043
<tr valign="top">
939
1044
<td valign="top">copy-*</td>
940
1045
<td valign="top">Copy the specificed channel in the source image to the
941
1046
same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified in
945
1050
of the values to be copied. </td>
946
1051
</tr>
947
1052
948
<tr valign=top>
1053
<tr valign="top">
949
1054
<td valign="top">change-mask</td>
950
1055
<td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
951
1056
</tr>
952
1057
</tbody>
953
1058
</table>
954
1059
955
<p>To print a complete list of composite operators, use the <a href="#list">-list composite</a> option.</p>
956
1060
957
<p>There can be more methods listed, that what is shown above, many of these
958
require special arguments, restricting there use to special composition
1061
<p>There may be more methods listed than those listed above. Many of these
1062
require special arguments, restricting their use to special composition
959
1063
operators, such as <a href="#blend">-blend</a>, <a
960
href="#blend">-dissolve</a>, and <a href="#displace">-displace</a>. </p>
1064
href="#dissolve">-dissolve</a>, and <a href="#displace">-displace</a>. </p>
961
1065
1066
<p>To print a complete list of compose operators, use <a href="#list">-list compose</a>.</p>
962
1067
963
1068
<div style="margin: auto;">
964
1069
<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
965
1070
</div>
966
1071
967
<p>perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</p>
1072
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
968
1073
969
<p> This done according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting with the source image offset but the position given by <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
1074
<p> This done according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting using the source image offset, but the position is given by <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>. </p>
970
1075
971
1076
972
1077
<div style="margin: auto;">
973
<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="option">type</em></h4>
1078
<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
974
1079
</div>
975
1080
976
<p>use this type of pixel compression when writing the image.</p>
977
978
<p>Choices are: <kbd class="option">None</kbd>, <kbd class="option">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="option">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="option">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="option">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="option">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="option">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="option">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="option">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="option">Zip</kbd>.</p>
979
980
<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use the <a href="#list">-list compress</a> option.</p>
1081
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1082
1083
<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
1084
1085
<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
981
1086
982
1087
<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
983
1088
991
1096
<h4><a name="contrast" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
992
1097
</div>
993
1098
994
<p>enhance or reduce the image contrast.</p>
1099
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
995
1100
996
1101
<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
997
1102
998
1103
<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
999
1104
1000
<pre class="text">
1001
convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png
1002
</pre>
1003
1105
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
1004
1106
<div style="margin: auto;">
1005
<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="option">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="option">black-point</em>{x<em class="option">white-point</em>}{<em class="option">%</em>}}</h4>
1107
<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
1006
1108
</div>
1007
1109
1008
<p>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values. While doing so black-out at most <em>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em>white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em>black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em>white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
1009
1010
<p>Prior to IM 6.4.5-9, -contrast-stretch will black-out at most <em>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em>total pixels minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em>black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
1011
1012
<p>Note that -contrast-stretch 0 will modify the image such that the image's
1013
min and max values are stretched to 0 and QuantumRange, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to -contrast-stretch 2%x1% (or prior to IM 6.4.5-9, -contrast-stretch 2%x99%).</p>
1110
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1111
1112
<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em class="arg">black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg">white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg">white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
1113
1114
<p>Prior to IM 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg">black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg">total pixels minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg">100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
1115
1116
<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that the image's
1117
min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</kbd> (or prior to IM 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
1014
1118
1015
1119
<p>The channels are stretched in concert. Specify <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to normalize the RGB channels individually.</p>
1016
1120
1017
1121
1018
1122
<div style="margin: auto;">
1019
<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="option">kernel</em></h4>
1123
<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
1020
1124
</div>
1021
1125
1022
<p>convolve image with the specified convolution kernel.</p>
1023
1024
<p>The kernel is specified as a comma-separated list of integers, ordered left-to right, starting with the top row. The order of the kernel is determined by the square root of the number of entries. Presently only square kernels are supported.</p>
1025
1126
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1127
1128
<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a square matrix specified as a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right, starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25, 7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
1129
1130
<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value. This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values will be clipped at zero.
1131
</p>
1132
1133
<p>When using an IM with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed,
1134
as IM will be able to store/handle any negative results without
1135
clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).</p>
1136
1137
<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
1138
<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
1139
</p>
1026
1140
1027
1141
<div style="margin: auto;">
1028
<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="option">width</em>{%}<br />-crop <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}{<em class="option">!</em>}</h4>
1142
<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
1029
1143
</div>
1030
1144
1031
<p>cut out a rectangular region of the image.</p>
1032
1033
<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification.</p>
1034
1035
<p>The width and height give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> are offsets that give the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
1036
1037
<p>If the <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
1038
1039
<p>If the <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
1145
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1146
1147
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
1148
1149
<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
1150
1151
<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
1152
1153
<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
1040
1154
1041
1155
<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
1042
1156
cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset will be set as if the
1050
1164
1051
1165
1052
1166
<div style="margin: auto;">
1053
<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="option">amount</em></h4>
1167
<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
1054
1168
</div>
1055
1169
1056
<p>displace image colormap by amount.</p>
1170
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1057
1171
1058
<p><em class="option">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
1172
<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
1059
1173
colormap entry is shifted.</p>
1060
1174
1061
<div style="margin: auto;">
1062
<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
1063
</div>
1064
1065
<p>convert cipher pixels to plain pixels.</p>
1066
1067
<p>Get the passphrase from the specified filename.</p>
1068
1069
<div style="margin: auto;">
1070
<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="option">events</em></h4>
1071
</div>
1072
1073
<p>enable debug printout.</p>
1074
1075
<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
1076
1077
<pre class="text">
1078
convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png
1079
</pre>
1080
1175
1176
<div style="margin: auto;">
1177
<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
1178
</div>
1179
1180
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1181
1182
<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
1183
1184
1185
<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
1186
1187
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
1081
1188
<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
1082
1189
1190
<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
1191
1083
1192
<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
1084
1193
1085
1194
<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
1086
1195
1087
1196
<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
1088
1197
1198
1199
<div style="margin: auto;">
1200
<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
1201
</div>
1202
1203
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1204
1205
<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
1206
1207
<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
1208
1209
1089
1210
<div style="margin: auto;">
1090
1211
<h4><a name="deconstruct" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
1091
1212
</div>
1092
1213
1093
<p>find areas that has changed between images </p>
1214
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1094
1215
1095
1216
<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
1096
1217
1100
1221
1101
1222
1102
1223
<div style="margin: auto;">
1103
<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="option">key</em>{<em class="option">=value</em>}<em class="option">...</em></h4>
1224
<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
1104
1225
</div>
1105
1226
1106
<p>add coder/decoder specific options.</p>
1227
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add coder/decoder specific options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1107
1228
1108
<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="option">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag will be created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
1229
<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag will be created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
1109
1230
1110
1231
<p>The following definitions may be created:</p>
1111
1232
1128
1249
1129
1250
<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
1130
1251
1131
<pre class="text">
1132
convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps
1133
</pre>
1134
1252
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
1135
1253
<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, use:</p>
1136
1254
1137
<pre class="text">
1138
convert -define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp ...
1139
</pre>
1255
<p class="crtsnip">
1256
-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
1257
</p>
1140
1258
1141
1259
<div style="margin: auto;">
1142
<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="option">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="option">ticks</em>x<em class="option">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="option"><</em>} {<em class="option">></em>}</h4>
1260
<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
1143
1261
</div>
1144
1262
1145
<p>display the next image after pausing.</p>
1263
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1146
1264
1147
1265
<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
1148
1266
1150
1268
1151
1269
1152
1270
<div style="margin: auto;">
1153
<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="option">index</em></h4>
1271
<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
1154
1272
</div>
1155
1273
1156
<p>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</p>
1274
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1157
1275
1158
1276
<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
1159
1277
1160
1278
1161
1279
<div style="margin: auto;">
1162
<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="option">width</em><br />-density <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em></h4>
1280
<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
1163
1281
</div>
1164
1282
1165
<p>horizontal and vertical resolution in pixels of the image.</p>
1283
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1166
1284
1167
1285
<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
1168
1286
1169
<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
1287
<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
1170
1288
1171
1289
<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
1172
1290
1173
<p>The density option is an attribute and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
1291
<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
1174
1292
1175
1293
<div style="margin: auto;">
1176
<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="option">value</em></h4>
1294
<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
1177
1295
</div>
1178
1296
1179
<p>depth of the image.</p>
1297
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1180
1298
1181
1299
<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
1182
1300
1184
1302
<h4><a name="descend" id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
1185
1303
</div>
1186
1304
1187
<p>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</p>
1305
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1188
1306
1189
1307
<div style="margin: auto;">
1190
<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
1308
<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
1191
1309
</div>
1192
1310
1193
<p>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</p>
1311
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1194
1312
1195
<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd>' option to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
1313
<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
1196
1314
1197
1315
<div style="margin: auto;">
1198
1316
<h4><a name="despeckle" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
1199
1317
</div>
1200
1318
1201
<p>reduce the speckles within an image.</p>
1202
1203
<div style="margin: auto;">
1204
<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="option">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="option">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="option">vertical-scale</em></h4>
1205
</div>
1206
1207
<p>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</p>
1208
1209
<p>With this option, <em class="option">composite image</em> is used as a displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, if you specify <em class="option">mask</em>, <em class="option">composite image</em> is the horizontal X displacement and <em class="option">mask</em> the vertical Y displacement.</p>
1210
1211
<div style="margin: auto;">
1212
<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="option">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
1213
</div>
1214
1215
<p>specifies the X server to contact.</p>
1216
1217
<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="option">X(1)</em>.</p>
1218
1219
<div style="margin: auto;">
1220
<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="option">method</em></h4>
1221
</div>
1222
1223
<p>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </p>
1319
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1320
1321
<div style="margin: auto;">
1322
<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
1323
</div>
1324
1325
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1326
1327
<p>With this option, <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used as a displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, if you specify <em class="arg">mask</em>, <em class="arg">composite image</em> is the horizontal X displacement and <em class="arg">mask</em> the vertical Y displacement.</p>
1328
1329
<div style="margin: auto;">
1330
<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
1331
</div>
1332
1333
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
1334
1335
<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
1336
1337
<div style="margin: auto;">
1338
<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
1339
</div>
1340
1341
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1224
1342
1225
1343
<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
1226
1344
modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
1237
1355
</pre>
1238
1356
1239
1357
<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
1240
uses internally to represent the above settings. <p>
1358
uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
1241
1359
1242
<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use the <a href="#list">-list dipose</a> option.</p>
1360
<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dipose</a>.</p>
1243
1361
1244
1362
<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
1245
1363
resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
1249
1367
1250
1368
1251
1369
<div style="margin: auto;">
1252
<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="option">percent</em></h4>
1370
<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">percent</em></h4>
1253
1371
</div>
1254
1372
1255
<p>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</p>
1373
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
1256
1374
1257
1375
<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
1258
1376
it is composited over the main image.</p>
1259
1377
1260
1378
1261
1379
<div style="margin: auto;">
1262
<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="option">method arguments</em></h4>
1380
<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
1263
1381
</div>
1264
1382
1265
<p>distort an image, using the given <em class="option">method</em>
1266
and its required <em class="option">arguments</em>.
1383
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1267
1384
1268
<p>The <em class="option">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
1385
<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
1269
1386
of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
1270
1387
and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
1271
class="option">method</em> being used. </p>
1388
class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
1272
1389
1273
1390
<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
1274
1391
1275
<table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
1276
<tbody>
1392
<table class="doc">
1277
1393
<tr valign="top">
1278
1394
<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
1279
1395
<th align="left">Description</th>
1281
1397
1282
1398
<tr valign="top">
1283
1399
<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
1284
<br>or <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
1400
<br/>or <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
1285
1401
<td valign="top">
1286
1402
Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
1287
1403
before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
1288
1404
is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
1289
1405
distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
1290
1406
of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
1291
background (IE 2-dimentional animations). <br>
1407
background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
1292
1408
1293
1409
The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
1294
argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br>
1410
argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
1295
1411
1296
<table align="center">
1412
<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
1297
1413
<tr><td># </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
1298
1414
<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
1299
1415
<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale Angle</em></td></tr>
1308
1424
NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
1309
1425
</table>
1310
1426
1311
This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimentional linear
1312
'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td>
1427
This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimensional linear
1428
'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
1313
1429
1314
1430
<tr valign="top">
1315
1431
<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
1319
1435
point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
1320
1436
rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
1321
1437
also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
1322
distortions. <br>
1438
distortions. <br/>
1323
1439
1324
1440
More that 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) will be least
1325
1441
squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
1327
1443
rotation and scaling will be performed, without any posible shearing,
1328
1444
flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
1329
1445
control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
1330
be a floating point non-integer translation). <br>
1446
be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
1331
1447
1332
1448
This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
1333
1449
</td>
1341
1457
pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
1342
1458
the source image to the destination image.
1343
1459
1344
<div align=center><em>
1460
<div style="text-align: center"><em>
1345
1461
s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
1346
1462
r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
1347
1463
t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
1348
1464
</em></div>
1349
1465
1350
See <A HREF="#affine" >-affine</A> setting for more detail, and
1351
meanings of these coefficients. <br>
1466
See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
1467
meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
1352
1468
1353
1469
The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
1354
1470
alternative methods of defining this distortion, with IM doing the
1377
1493
control points will provide least squares fitting for more accurate
1378
1494
distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
1379
1495
effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
1380
linear distortion. <br>
1496
linear distortion. <br/>
1381
1497
1382
1498
Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
1383
1499
straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
1384
is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the <A
1385
HREF="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</A> setting. </td>
1500
is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
1501
<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
1386
1502
</tr>
1387
1503
1388
1504
<tr valign="top">
1401
1517
<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
1402
1518
<td valign="top">
1403
1519
Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
1404
a circle. </br>
1405
<table align="center" width=90%>
1406
<tr valign=top><td>Argument</td>
1520
a circle. <br/>
1521
<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
1522
<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
1407
1523
<td>Meaning</td></tr>
1408
<tr valign=top><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
1524
<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
1409
1525
<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
1410
<tr valign=top><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
1526
<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
1411
1527
<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
1412
<tr valign=top><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
1528
<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
1413
1529
<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
1414
<tr valign=top><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
1530
<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
1415
1531
<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
1416
1532
</table>
1417
1533
1419
1535
(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
1420
1536
preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
1421
1537
possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
1422
be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br>
1538
be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
1423
1539
1424
1540
This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
1425
1541
aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
1432
1548
Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
1433
1549
the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
1434
1550
radius limits, while the width will be wrapped around between the
1435
angle limits. <br>
1551
angle limits. <br/>
1436
1552
1437
Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br>
1553
Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
1438
1554
1439
1555
All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
1440
1556
center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
1445
1561
'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
1446
1562
corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
1447
1563
but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
1448
the same arguments. <br>
1564
the same arguments. <br/>
1449
1565
1450
1566
If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
1451
1567
output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
1458
1574
<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
1459
1575
<td valign="top">
1460
1576
Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
1461
but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br>
1577
but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
1462
1578
1463
1579
The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
1464
1580
the corners of the input image. However using the special
1478
1594
<tr valign="top">
1479
1595
<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
1480
1596
<td valign="top">
1481
Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <A
1482
HREF="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
1483
Dersch</A>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
1597
Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
1598
href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
1599
Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
1484
1600
correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
1485
lines straight again. <br>
1601
lines straight again. <br/>
1486
1602
1487
1603
Arguments: <em>A B C</em> [ <em>D</em> [
1488
<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br>
1604
<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
1489
1605
or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
1490
1606
A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
1491
[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br>
1492
So that it forms the function <br>
1607
[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
1608
So that it forms the function <br/>
1493
1609
Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>*r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>*r<sup>2</sup> +
1494
<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br>
1610
<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
1495
1611
1496
1612
Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
1497
(defaulting to the center of the image). <br>
1613
(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
1498
1614
The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
1499
correct lens distortions. <br>
1615
correct lens distortions. <br/>
1500
1616
</td>
1501
1617
1502
1618
</tr>
1507
1623
This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
1508
1624
arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
1509
1625
of the radial polynomial,
1510
so that it forms the function <br>
1626
so that it forms the function <br/>
1511
1627
Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>*r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>*r<sup>2</sup> +
1512
1628
<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )
1513
1629
</td>
1517
1633
<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
1518
1634
<td valign="top">
1519
1635
Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
1520
Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<A
1521
HREF="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
1522
>Shepards Method</A>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
1636
Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
1637
href="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
1638
>Shepards Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
1523
1639
distortions of the image around the given control point. For best
1524
1640
results extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of
1525
the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br>
1641
the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br/>
1526
1642
1527
1643
The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, pins or
1528
sticks. It basically uses the <A HREF="#sparse-color"
1529
>-sparse-color</A> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
1530
displacement maps (see <A HREF="#displace" >-displace</A>) for source
1644
sticks. It basically uses the <a href="#sparse-color"
1645
>-sparse-color</a> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
1646
displacement maps (see <a href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source
1531
1647
image color look-up. </td>
1532
1648
1533
1649
</tr>
1534
1650
1535
</tbody>
1536
1651
</table>
1537
1652
1538
<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use the <a href="#list">-list distort</a> option.</p>
1653
<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list distort</a>.</p>
1539
1654
1540
1655
<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
1541
1656
'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
1542
1657
defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
1543
1658
destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
1544
1659
image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
1545
This produces a list of values such as...
1546
<div align=center><em>
1660
This produces a list of values such as...</p>
1661
<div style="text-align: center"><em>
1547
1662
U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
1548
1663
U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
1549
1664
U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
1550
1665
...
1551
1666
U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
1552
1667
</em></div>
1553
where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
1668
<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
1554
1669
destination image. </p>
1555
1670
1556
1671
<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
1557
1672
needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
1558
1673
perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
1559
1674
used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
1560
understand.
1561
<pre class="text">
1562
convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \
1563
-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \
1564
rose_3d_rotated.gif
1565
</pre></p>
1675
understand.</p>
1566
1676
1677
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
1678
convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \ <br/>
1679
-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ <br/>
1680
rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
1567
1681
<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for a
1568
1682
distortion, then the distortion method will be 'least squares' fitted to
1569
1683
produce the best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the
1572
1686
(usally a linear '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
1573
1687
1574
1688
<p>By using more coodinates you can make use of image registration tool to
1575
find mathing coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
1689
find matching coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
1576
1690
of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 'fit'
1577
1691
worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
1578
1692
1584
1698
'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the
1585
1699
way to the horizon. </p>
1586
1700
1587
<p>For example...
1588
<pre class="text">
1589
convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \
1590
-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \
1591
checks_tiled.jpg
1592
</pre></p>
1593
1701
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ <br/>
1702
-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ <br/>
1703
checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
1594
1704
<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
1595
1705
be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
1596
1706
function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
1637
1747
1638
1748
1639
1749
<div style="margin: auto;">
1640
<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="option">method</em></h4>
1750
<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
1641
1751
</div>
1642
1752
1643
<p>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied vian option, or automatically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </p>
1753
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automatically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1644
1754
1645
1755
<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighbouring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
1646
1756
1654
1764
<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
1655
1765
href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
1656
1766
1657
<p>Alternativelly you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </P>
1767
<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
1658
1768
1659
1769
1660
1770
<div style="margin: auto;">
1661
<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="option">string</em></h4>
1771
<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
1662
1772
</div>
1663
1773
1664
<p>annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</p>
1665
1666
<p>Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations. The shape primitives are:</p>
1774
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1775
1776
<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
1777
1778
<p>The shape primitives:</p>
1667
1779
1668
1780
<pre class="text">
1669
1781
point x,y
1680
1792
image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
1681
1793
</pre>
1682
1794
1683
<p>The text primitive is.</p>
1795
<p>The text primitive:</p>
1684
1796
1685
1797
<pre class="text">
1686
1798
text x0,y0 string
1687
1799
</pre>
1688
<p>The text gravity primitive is.</p>
1800
<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
1689
1801
1690
1802
<pre class="text">
1691
1803
gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
1692
1804
East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
1693
1805
</pre>
1694
1806
1695
<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> commandline option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
1807
<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
1696
1808
1697
<p>The transformation primitives are.</p>
1809
<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
1698
1810
1699
1811
<pre class="text">
1700
1812
rotate degrees
1704
1816
skewY degrees
1705
1817
</pre>
1706
1818
1707
<p>The pixel operation primitives are.</p>
1819
<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
1708
1820
1709
1821
<pre class="text">
1710
1822
color x0,y0 method
1711
1823
matte x0,y0 method
1712
1824
</pre>
1713
1825
1714
<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified in the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> options.</p>
1715
1716
<p><kbd>Point</kbd> requires a single coordinate.</p>
1717
1718
<p><kbd>Line</kbd> requires a start and end coordinate.</p>
1719
1720
<p><kbd>Rectangle</kbd> expects an upper left and lower right coordinate.</p>
1721
1722
<p><kbd>RoundRectangle</kbd> has the upper left and lower right coordinates and the width and height of the corners.</p>
1723
1724
<p><kbd>Circle</kbd> has a center coordinate and a coordinate for the outer edge.</p>
1725
1726
<p>Use <kbd>Arc</kbd> to inscribe an elliptical arc within a rectangle. Arcs require a start and end point as well as the degree of rotation (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90).</p>
1727
1728
<p>Use <kbd>Ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial ellipse centered at the given point with the x-axis and y-axis radius and start and end of arc in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
1729
1730
<p><kbd>Polyline</kbd> and
1731
<kbd>polygon</kbd> require three or more coordinates to define its boundaries. Coordinates are integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
1732
1733
<pre class="text">
1826
<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
1827
1828
<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
1829
1830
<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
1831
1832
<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
1833
1834
<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
1835
1836
<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
1837
1838
<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
1839
1840
<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
1841
1842
<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
1843
</p>
1844
1845
<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
1846
1847
<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
1848
1849
<p class="crtsnip">
1734
1850
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
1735
</pre>
1736
1737
<p><kbd>Bezier</kbd> (spline) requires three or more x,y coordinates to define its shape. The first and last points are the knots (preserved coordinates) and any intermediate coordinates are the control points. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
1738
draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>Path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
1739
1740
<pre class="text">
1851
</p>
1852
1853
<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
1854
draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
1855
1856
<p class="crtsnip">
1741
1857
-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
1858
</p>
1859
<p class="crtsnip">
1742
1860
-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
1743
</pre>
1744
1745
1746
<p><kbd>Paths</kbd> (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>) represent an outline of an object which is defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a curve using a cubic Bezier), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects.</p>
1861
</p>
1862
1863
1864
<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
1747
1865
1748
1866
<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
1749
1867
1750
<pre class="text">
1751
-draw 'image Over 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
1752
</pre>
1868
<p class="crtsnip">
1869
-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
1870
</p>
1753
1871
1754
1872
<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it will be scaled to the given dimensions. See <a href="#compose">-compose</a> for a description of the composite operators.</p>
1755
1873
1756
1874
<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
1757
1875
1758
<p>For example,</p>
1876
<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
1759
1877
1760
<pre class="text">
1878
<p class="crtsnip">
1761
1879
-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
1762
</pre>
1763
1764
<p>annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
1765
1766
<p><kbd>Rotate</kbd> rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
1767
1768
<p><kbd>Translate</kbd> translates them.</p>
1769
1770
<p><kbd>Scale</kbd> scales them.</p>
1771
1772
<p><kbd>SkewX</kbd> and <kbd>SkewY</kbd> skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
1773
1774
<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a>option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
1880
</p>
1881
1882
<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
1883
1884
<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
1885
1886
<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
1887
1888
<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
1889
1890
<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
1891
1892
<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
1775
1893
matrix.</p>
1776
1894
1777
<p>Use <kbd>color</kbd> to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
1895
<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
1778
1896
1779
1897
<pre class="text">
1780
1898
point
1790
1908
1791
1909
<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
1792
1910
1911
<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
1912
1793
1913
<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
1794
1914
1795
<div style="margin: auto;">
1796
<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="option">radius</em></h4>
1797
</div>
1798
1799
<p>detect edges within an image.</p>
1800
1801
<div style="margin: auto;">
1802
<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="option">radius</em></h4>
1803
</div>
1804
1805
<p>emboss an image.</p>
1806
1807
<div style="margin: auto;">
1808
<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
1809
</div>
1810
1811
<p>convert plain pixels to cipher pixels.</p>
1812
1813
<p>Get the passphrase from the specified filename.</p>
1814
1815
<div style="margin: auto;">
1816
<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="option">type</em></h4>
1817
</div>
1818
1819
<p>specify the text encoding.</p>
1915
1916
<div style="margin: auto;">
1917
<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
1918
</div>
1919
1920
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1921
1922
<div style="margin: auto;">
1923
<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
1924
</div>
1925
1926
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1927
1928
<div style="margin: auto;">
1929
<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
1930
</div>
1931
1932
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1933
1934
<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
1935
1936
<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
1937
1938
<div style="margin: auto;">
1939
<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
1940
</div>
1941
1942
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1820
1943
1821
1944
<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
1822
1945
1823
1946
<div style="margin: auto;">
1824
<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="option">type</em></h4>
1947
<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
1825
1948
</div>
1826
1949
1827
<p>specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</p>
1950
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1828
1951
1829
<p>To print a complete list of endian type, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
1952
<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
1830
1953
1831
1954
<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
1832
1955
1835
1958
<h4><a name="enhance" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
1836
1959
</div>
1837
1960
1838
<p>apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy
1839
image.</p>
1961
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1840
1962
1841
1963
1842
1964
<div style="margin: auto;">
1843
1965
<h4><a name="equalize" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
1844
1966
</div>
1845
1967
1846
<p>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</p>
1968
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1847
1969
1848
1970
<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
1849
1971
1852
1974
<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
1853
1975
1854
1976
<div style="margin: auto;">
1855
<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="option">operator constant</em></h4>
1977
<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
1856
1978
</div>
1857
1979
1858
<p>evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</p> <p>Choose
1859
from:<p>
1860
1861
<pre class="text">
1862
Add
1863
And
1864
Divide
1865
Gaussian-noise
1866
Impluse-noise
1867
Laplacian-noise
1868
LeftShift
1869
Log
1870
Max
1871
Min
1872
Multiplicative-noise
1873
Multiply
1874
Or
1875
PoissonNoise
1876
Pow
1877
RightShift
1878
Set
1879
Subtract
1880
Threshold
1881
Threshold-black
1882
Threshold-white
1883
Uniform-noise
1884
Xor
1885
</pre>
1886
1887
<p>The function will modify each of the color values for the specified <a
1888
href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. The values are not normalized, but
1889
are modified as 0 to QuantumRange. The transparency channel of the image is
1890
represented as a 'alpha' values (0 - fully transparent), so divide an alpha
1891
channel value by 2 will make the image semi-transparent. Percentage
1892
'<kbd>%</kbd>' can be used to specify a value as a percentage of the
1893
QuantumRange.</p>
1894
1895
<p>To print a complete list of evaluate operators, use the <a href="#list">-list evaluate</a> option.</p>
1980
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1981
1982
<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
1983
1984
<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
1985
1986
<table class="doc">
1987
<col width="25%" />
1988
<col width="75%" />
1989
<thead>
1990
<tr>
1991
<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
1992
<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
1993
</tr>
1994
</thead>
1995
<tbody>
1996
1997
<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
1998
<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
1999
<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2000
<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
2001
<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2002
<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
2003
<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
2004
<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2005
<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2006
<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2007
<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2008
<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2009
<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
2010
<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2011
<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
2012
<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
2013
<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
2014
2015
<tr><td> </td></tr>
2016
2017
2018
<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
2019
<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
2020
<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
2021
<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
2022
<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
2023
<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
2024
2025
<tr><td> </td></tr>
2026
2027
<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2028
<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
2029
<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
2030
</tbody>
2031
</table>
2032
2033
<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
2034
href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
2035
represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a <kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol
2036
'<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
2037
2038
<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
2039
2040
<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and <kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can
2041
also be achieved using either the <a href="#level"
2042
>-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with appropriate
2043
argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values. Please note,
2044
however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as 'matte'
2045
values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with 'alpha'
2046
values.</p>
2047
2048
<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
2049
2050
<p><kbd>Cos</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.8-4 (along with <kbd>Sin</kbd>) and provides a <em>scaled</em> cosine function as follows. (The synonyms <kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> may also be used.) The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Cos</kbd> provides a scaling of the <em>period</em> of the usual cosine function (a frequency), allowing compression or stretching of the color range, with repetition. For example, if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2, then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. All the values are <em>centered</em> about the value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>/2. The formula on a normalized pixel value <b><em>u</em></b> is </p>
2051
2052
<div style="text-align:center;">
2053
0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
2054
</div>
2055
2056
<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
2057
2058
<div style="text-align:center;">
2059
log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
2060
</div>
1896
2061
1897
2062
<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.1-9, and works on normalized
1898
color values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is equivalent to the <a href="#gamma"
1899
>-gamma</A> operator. For example <a href="#gamma">-gamma 2</a> would be
1900
equivalent to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b> or a 'square root' function. The value
1901
used with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</A> is just the inverse of the value used
2063
pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a href="#gamma"
2064
>-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is
2065
equivalent to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value
2066
used with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
1902
2067
with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
1903
2068
1904
<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.2-1 and works on normalize color values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The constant used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula on normalize values is <b>log(constant*value)/log(constant+1)</b>. </p>
1905
1906
<p>The <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and <kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can
1907
also be achieved sing either the <a href="#level"
1908
>-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator with appropriate
1909
argument to linearly modify the overall range of color values. Please note
1910
however that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as 'matte'
1911
values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with 'alpha'
1912
values.</p>
1913
1914
1915
1916
<div style="margin: auto;">
1917
<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="option">width</em><br />-extent <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em></h4>
1918
</div>
1919
1920
<p>set the image size and offset. If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color.</p>
1921
1922
<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification.</p>
1923
1924
<div style="margin: auto;">
1925
<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="option">width</em><br />-extract <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{{+-}<em class="option">offset</em>}</h4>
1926
</div>
1927
1928
<p>extract the specified area from image. The option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note, these two command are equivalent:</p>
1929
1930
<pre class="text">
1931
convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 image.rgb image.png
1932
convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' image.rgb image.png
1933
</pre>
1934
1935
<div style="margin: auto;">
1936
<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="option">color</em></h4>
1937
</div>
1938
1939
<p>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</p>
2069
<p><kbd>Sin</kbd> has been added as of IM 6.4.8-4 (along with <kbd>Cos</kbd>) and provides a scaled and centered sine function. (See <kbd>Cos</kbd>, above, for those details.) <em>centered</em> about the value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>/2. The formula on a normalized pixel <b><em>u</em></b> is </p>
2070
2071
<div style="text-align:center;">
2072
0.5 + 0.5 × sin(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
2073
</div>
2074
2075
<div style="margin: auto;">
2076
<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
2077
</div>
2078
2079
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2080
2081
<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting.</p>
2082
2083
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
2084
2085
<div style="margin: auto;">
2086
<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
2087
</div>
2088
2089
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2090
2091
<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
2092
2093
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' image.rgb image.png</span></p>
2094
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
2095
2096
<div style="margin: auto;">
2097
<h4><a name="family" id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
2098
</div>
2099
2100
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2101
2102
<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it will be used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar will be substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
2103
</p>
2104
2105
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
2106
</p>
2107
2108
<div style="margin: auto;">
2109
<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
2110
</div>
2111
2112
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1940
2113
1941
2114
<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
1942
2115
1944
2117
1945
2118
<p>For example,</p>
1946
2119
1947
<pre class="text">
1948
convert -fill blue ...
1949
convert -fill "#ddddff" ...
1950
convert -fill "rgb(255,255,255)" ...
1951
</pre>
2120
<p class="crtsnip">
2121
-fill blue
2122
</p>
2123
<p class="crtsnip">
2124
-fill "#ddddff"
2125
</p>
2126
<p class="crtsnip">
2127
-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
2128
</p>
1952
2129
1953
2130
<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
1954
2131
1955
2132
<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
1956
2133
1957
2134
<div style="margin: auto;">
1958
<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2135
<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
1959
2136
</div>
1960
2137
1961
<p>use this type of filter when resizing an image.</p>
2138
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
1962
2139
1963
2140
<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see <a
1964
2141
href="#resize">-resize</a>). For example you can use a simple resize filter
1986
2163
<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automatically re-adjust its function depending
1987
2164
on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
1988
2165
1989
<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.
2166
<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
1990
2167
1991
2168
<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list filter</a> option.</p>
1992
2169
1993
2170
<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
1994
use of these expert settings:<p>
1995
1996
<dl>
1997
<dt>-set filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
1998
<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd><br />
1999
2000
<dt>-set filter:filter=<em>filter</em></dt>
2001
<dt>-set filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
2002
<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd><br />
2003
2004
<dt>-set filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
2005
<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an alturntive way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd><br />
2006
2007
<dt>-set filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
2008
<dt>-set filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
2009
<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>, <kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values are defined, the other will be set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic filter.</dd><br />
2010
2011
<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow you to
2012
directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>, rather than as
2013
its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or 'Bessel'. If defined, no
2014
windowing function will be used, unless the following expert setting is also
2015
defined.</dd><br />
2016
2017
<dt>-set filter:window=<em>filter</em></dt> <dd>The IIR (infinite impulse
2018
response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and <kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought
2019
down to zero over the defined support range) with the given filter. This
2020
allows you to use a filter that is not normally used as a windowing function,
2021
such as <kbd>box</kbd>, (which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
2022
</dl>
2171
use of these expert settings:</p>
2172
2173
<dl class="doc">
2174
<dt>-set filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
2175
<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd>
2176
2177
<dt>-set filter:filter=<em>filter</em></dt>
2178
<dt>-set filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
2179
<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd>
2180
2181
<dt>-set filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
2182
<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd>
2183
2184
<dt>-set filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
2185
<dt>-set filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
2186
<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>, <kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values are defined, the other will be set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic filter.</dd>
2187
2188
<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow you to
2189
directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>, rather than as
2190
its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or 'Bessel'. If defined, no
2191
windowing function will be used, unless the following expert setting is also
2192
defined.</dd>
2193
2194
<dt>-set filter:window=<em>filter</em></dt> <dd>The IIR (infinite impulse
2195
response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and <kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought
2196
down to zero over the defined support range) with the given filter. This
2197
allows you to use a filter that is not normally used as a windowing function,
2198
such as <kbd>box</kbd>, (which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
2199
</dl>
2023
2200
2024
2201
<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Lanczos-Bessel filter:</p>
2025
<pre class="text">
2026
convert image.png -filter bessel \
2027
-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \
2028
-resize 150% image.jpg
2029
</pre>
2202
2203
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
2204
-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
2205
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
2030
2206
<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
2031
<pre class="text">
2032
convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \
2033
-resize 150% image.jpg
2034
</pre>
2035
2207
2208
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
2209
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
2036
2210
<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
2037
2211
filters), are provided for image processing experts who have studied and
2038
2212
understood how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an
2044
2218
<h4><a name="flatten" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
2045
2219
</div>
2046
2220
2047
<p>a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten"</p>
2221
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2048
2222
2049
2223
2050
2224
<div style="margin: auto;">
2051
2225
<h4><a name="flip" id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
2052
2226
</div>
2053
2227
2054
<p>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</p>
2228
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2055
2229
2056
2230
<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
2057
2231
2058
2232
<div style="margin: auto;">
2059
<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em> <em class="option">color</em></h4>
2233
<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
2060
2234
</div>
2061
2235
2062
<p>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</p>
2236
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2063
2237
2064
2238
<div style="margin: auto;">
2065
2239
<h4><a name="flop" id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
2066
2240
</div>
2067
2241
2068
<p>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</p>
2242
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2069
2243
2070
2244
<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
2071
2245
2072
2246
2073
2247
<div style="margin: auto;">
2074
<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="option">name</em></h4>
2248
<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
2075
2249
</div>
2076
2250
2077
<p>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</p>
2251
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2078
2252
2079
2253
<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
2080
2254
2083
2257
is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
2084
2258
<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
2085
2259
2260
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
2261
2262
2086
2263
<div style="margin: auto;">
2087
<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="option">color</em></h4>
2264
<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
2088
2265
</div>
2089
2266
2090
<p>define the foreground color.</p>
2267
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2091
2268
2092
2269
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
2093
2270
2094
<div style="margin: auto;">
2095
<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2096
</div>
2097
2098
<p>the image format type.</p>
2099
2100
<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, see the output of this command: <kbd>identify -list format</kbd>.</p>
2101
2102
<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="option">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="option">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="option">image.tiff</em>.</p>
2103
2104
<div style="margin: auto;">
2105
<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="option">string</em></h4>
2106
</div>
2107
2108
<p>output formatted image characteristics.</p>
2271
<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
2272
2273
<div style="margin: auto;">
2274
<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
2275
</div>
2276
2277
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2278
2279
<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
2280
2281
<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
2282
2283
<div style="margin: auto;">
2284
<h4><a name="format_identify_" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
2285
</div>
2286
2287
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
2109
2288
2110
2289
<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
2111
2290
2112
2291
<div style="margin: auto;">
2113
<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="option">width</em><br />-frame <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{+-}<em class="option">outer-bevel-width</em>{+-}<em class="option">inner-bevel-width</em></h4>
2114
</div>
2115
2116
<p>surround the image with an ornamental border.</p>
2117
2118
<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a>for details about the geometry specification. The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
2119
2120
<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option.</p>
2121
2122
<div style="margin: auto;">
2123
<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame</h4>
2124
</div>
2125
2126
<p>include the X window frame in the imported image.</p>
2127
2128
<div style="margin: auto;">
2129
<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="option">distance</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
2130
</div>
2131
2132
<p>colors within this distance are considered equal.</p>
2292
<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
2293
</div>
2294
2295
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2296
2297
<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
2298
2299
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that will be added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness <em>y</em> pixels. (Negative offsets make no sense here.) The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
2300
2301
2302
<div style="margin: auto;">
2303
<h4><a name="frame_import_" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
2304
</div>
2305
2306
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
2307
2308
<div style="margin: auto;">
2309
<h4><a name="function" id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
2310
</div>
2311
2312
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2313
2314
<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
2315
2316
<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in IM 6.4.8−8.)</p>
2317
2318
<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
2319
2320
<pre class="text">
2321
Polynomial
2322
Sinusoid
2323
</pre>
2324
2325
<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
2326
2327
<dl class="doc">
2328
<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
2329
<dd>
2330
<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
2331
2332
<div style="text-align: center">
2333
-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
2334
</div>
2335
2336
<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value will be given by </p>
2337
2338
<div style="text-align: center">
2339
<em class="arg">bias</em> + <em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360) ).
2340
</div>
2341
2342
<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
2343
2344
<p class="crtsnip">
2345
-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
2346
</p>
2347
2348
<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
2349
2350
<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
2351
2352
<table class="doc">
2353
<tr>
2354
<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
2355
<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
2356
</tr>
2357
<tr>
2358
<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
2359
<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
2360
</tr>
2361
</table>
2362
2363
</dd>
2364
2365
<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
2366
<dd>
2367
<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
2368
2369
<div style="text-align: center">
2370
-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
2371
</div>
2372
2373
<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
2374
2375
<div style="text-align: center">
2376
<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
2377
<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
2378
··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
2379
</div>
2380
2381
<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
2382
2383
<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
2384
2385
<table class="doc">
2386
<col width="35%" />
2387
<col width="35%" />
2388
<col width="30%" />
2389
<tr>
2390
<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
2391
<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
2392
<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
2393
</tr>
2394
<tr>
2395
<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
2396
<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
2397
</tr>
2398
<tr>
2399
<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
2400
<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
2401
</tr>
2402
<tr>
2403
<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
2404
<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
2405
</tr>
2406
<tr>
2407
<td>+level black% x white%</td>
2408
<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
2409
<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
2410
</tr>
2411
</table>
2412
2413
<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
2414
</dd>
2415
2416
</dl>
2417
2418
<div style="margin: auto;">
2419
<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
2420
</div>
2421
2422
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2133
2423
2134
2424
<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automatically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
2135
2425
2136
<p>The <em class="option">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
2426
<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
2137
2427
2138
2428
2139
2429
<div style="margin: auto;">
2140
<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="option">expression</em></h4>
2430
<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
2141
2431
</div>
2142
2432
2143
<p>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</p>
2433
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2144
2434
2145
<p>If the first character of <em class="option">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
2435
<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
2146
2436
2147
2437
<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
2148
2438
2149
2439
2150
2440
<div style="margin: auto;">
2151
<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="option">value</em></h4>
2441
<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
2152
2442
</div>
2153
2443
2154
<p>level of gamma correction.</p>
2444
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2155
2445
2156
2446
<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
2157
2447
2158
<p>Gammadjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 will be the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
2448
<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 will be the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
2159
2449
2160
2450
<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
2161
2451
2162
<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="option">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
2452
<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
2163
2453
2164
<p>Note that gammadjustments is also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator
2454
<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
2165
2455
2166
2456
<div style="margin: auto;">
2167
<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="option">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="option">radius</em>x<em class="option">sigma</em></h4>
2457
<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
2168
2458
</div>
2169
2459
2170
<p>blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</p>
2460
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2171
2461
2172
2462
<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
2173
<ul><dd><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></dd></ul>
2174
<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
2175
2176
2177
<div style="margin: auto;">
2178
<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="option">width</em><br />-geometry <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em></h4>
2179
</div>
2180
2181
<p>preferred size and location of the image.</p>
2182
2183
<p>If the <em class="option">x</em> is negative, the offset is measured leftward from the right edge of the screen to the right edge of the image being displayed. Similarly, negative <em class="option">y</em> is measured between the bottom edges. The offsets are not affected by <kbd>%</kbd>; they are always measured in pixels.</p>
2184
2185
<div style="margin: auto;">
2186
<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2187
</div>
2188
2189
<p>direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the image.</p>
2190
2191
<p>Choices are: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
2463
2464
<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
2465
</div>
2466
2467
<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
2468
2469
2470
<div style="margin: auto;">
2471
<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
2472
</div>
2473
2474
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2475
2476
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
2477
2478
<div style="margin: auto;">
2479
<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
2480
</div>
2481
2482
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2483
2484
<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
2192
2485
<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
2193
<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Or you can use <a
2194
href="#list">-list</a> with a '<kbd>Gravity</kbd>' option to get a complete
2486
<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
2195
2487
list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
2196
2488
installation.</p>
2197
2489
2198
<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position the text when annotating the image. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive is affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
2199
2200
<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option and other options that take <em class="option">geometry</em> as a parameter, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. See <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> for details of how the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option interacts with the <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> parameters of a geometry specification.</p>
2201
2490
<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
2491
2492
<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
2493
2494
<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which will be <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
2495
2496
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 -negate output.png</span></p>
2202
2497
<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
2203
2498
2204
2499
<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
2205
2500
2206
2501
<div style="margin: auto;">
2207
<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="option">x,y</em></h4>
2502
<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
2208
2503
</div>
2209
2504
2210
<p>green chromaticity primary point.</p>
2505
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2211
2506
2212
2507
<div style="margin: auto;">
2213
2508
<h4><a name="help" id="help"></a>-help</h4>
2214
2509
</div>
2215
2510
2216
<p>print usage instructions.</p>
2217
2218
<div style="margin: auto;">
2219
<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="option">color</em></h4>
2220
</div>
2221
2222
<p>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
2223
2224
<div style="margin: auto;">
2225
<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
2226
</div>
2227
2228
<p>specify the icon geometry.</p>
2511
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2512
2513
<div style="margin: auto;">
2514
<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
2515
</div>
2516
2517
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2518
2519
<div style="margin: auto;">
2520
<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
2521
</div>
2522
2523
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2229
2524
2230
2525
<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
2231
2526
2527
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
2528
2232
2529
<div style="margin: auto;">
2233
2530
<h4><a name="iconic" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
2234
2531
</div>
2235
2532
2236
<p>iconic animation.</p>
2533
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2237
2534
2238
2535
<div style="margin: auto;">
2239
2536
<h4><a name="identify" id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
2240
2537
</div>
2241
2538
2242
<p>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</p>
2539
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2243
2540
2244
<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="option">DirectClass</em> or <em class="option">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
2541
<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
2245
2542
2246
2543
<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
2247
2544
2253
2550
<h4><a name="immutable" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
2254
2551
</div>
2255
2552
2256
<p>make image immutable.</p>
2257
2258
<div style="margin: auto;">
2259
<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="option">factor</em></h4>
2260
</div>
2261
2262
<p>implode image pixels about the center.</p>
2263
2264
<div style="margin: auto;">
2265
<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="option">index</em></h4>
2266
</div>
2267
2268
<p>insert the last image into the image sequence.</p>
2553
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2554
2555
<div style="margin: auto;">
2556
<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
2557
</div>
2558
2559
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2560
2561
<div style="margin: auto;">
2562
<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
2563
</div>
2564
2565
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2269
2566
2270
2567
<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
2271
2568
2272
2569
<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
2273
2570
2274
2571
<div style="margin: auto;">
2275
<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2572
<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
2276
2573
</div>
2277
2574
2278
<p>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</p>
2575
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2279
2576
2280
2577
<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
2281
2578
2282
2579
<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
2283
2580
2284
<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use the <a href="#list">-list intent</a> option.</p>
2581
<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
2285
2582
2286
2583
<div style="margin: auto;">
2287
<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2584
<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
2288
2585
</div>
2289
2586
2290
<p>the type of interlacing scheme.</p>
2587
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2291
2588
2292
2589
<p>Choose from:</p>
2293
2590
2315
2612
<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
2316
2613
image.</p>
2317
2614
2318
<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use the <a href="#list">-list interlace</a> option.</p>
2615
<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
2319
2616
2320
2617
<div style="margin: auto;">
2321
<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2618
<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
2322
2619
</div>
2323
2620
2324
<p>The pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color basied
2325
on a floating point or real value.</p>
2621
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2326
2622
2327
2623
<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-interger floating point
2328
2624
value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
2345
2641
>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
2346
2642
>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
2347
2643
2348
<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use the <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a> option.</p>
2644
<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
2349
2645
2350
2646
<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
2351
2647
lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
2352
2648
2353
2649
2354
2650
<div style="margin: auto;">
2355
<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="option">name</em></h4>
2356
</div>
2357
2358
<p>assign a label to an image.</p>
2651
<h4><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
2652
</div>
2653
2654
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2655
2656
<div style="margin: auto;">
2657
<h4><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
2658
</div>
2659
2660
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2661
2662
<div style="margin: auto;">
2663
<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
2664
</div>
2665
2666
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2359
2667
2360
2668
<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
2361
2669
2362
<p>When saving an image to a <em class="option">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image will be used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
2670
<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image will be used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
2363
2671
2364
2672
<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="#format">-format</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
2365
2673
2366
2674
<p>For example,</p>
2367
2675
2368
<pre class="text">
2676
<p class="crtsnip">
2369
2677
-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
2370
</pre>
2678
</p>
2371
2679
2372
2680
<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the "<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
2373
2681
2376
2684
<p>The label font can be specified with <a href="#font">-font</a>, and the
2377
2685
other font attribute settings.</p>
2378
2686
2379
<p>If the first character of <em class="option">string</em> is <em class="option">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
2687
<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
2380
2688
2381
2689
2382
2690
<div style="margin: auto;">
2383
<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="option">width</em><br />-lat <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">offset</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
2691
<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
2384
2692
</div>
2385
2693
2386
<p>perform local adaptive threshold.</p>
2694
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2387
2695
2388
2696
<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
2389
2697
surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
2398
2706
2399
2707
2400
2708
<div style="margin: auto;">
2401
<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="option">method</em></h4>
2709
<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
2402
2710
</div>
2403
2711
2404
<p>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</p>
2712
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2405
2713
2406
2714
<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
2407
2715
which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
2408
2716
animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
2409
2717
2410
<table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
2718
<table class="doc">
2411
2719
<tbody>
2412
<tr valign=top>
2720
<tr valign="top">
2413
2721
<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
2414
2722
<th align="left">Description</th>
2415
2723
</tr>
2416
2724
2417
<tr valign=top>
2725
<tr valign="top">
2418
2726
<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
2419
2727
<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
2420
2728
that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
2421
href="#dispose" >-dispose</A> methods are taken into account. <p>
2729
href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
2730
</tr>
2422
2731
2423
This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
2732
<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
2424
2733
>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
2425
2734
working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
2426
2735
'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
2427
2736
</tr>
2428
2737
2429
<tr valign=top>
2738
<tr valign="top">
2430
2739
<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
2431
2740
<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
2432
2741
opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
2433
2742
smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
2434
2743
</tr>
2435
2744
2436
<tr valign=top>
2745
<tr valign="top">
2437
2746
<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
2438
2747
<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
2439
2748
extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
2440
That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. <p>
2749
That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
2750
</tr>
2441
2751
2442
This can, be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</A> alpha
2752
<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
2443
2753
composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
2444
2754
just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
2445
</tr>
2755
</tr>
2446
2756
2447
<tr valign=top>
2757
<tr valign="top">
2448
2758
<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
2449
2759
<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
2450
2760
>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
2451
2761
current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
2452
2762
it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
2453
'film strip' like animation. </td>
2763
'film strip'-like animation. </td>
2454
2764
</tr>
2455
2765
2456
<tr valign=top>
2766
<tr valign="top">
2457
2767
<td valign="top">composite</td>
2458
2768
<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
2459
2769
"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
2460
2770
the source images last. An image from each list are composited
2461
2771
together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
2462
image lists are removed. <p>
2463
2464
The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according to
2772
image lists are removed. </td>
2773
</tr>
2774
2775
2776
<tr><td></td><td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according to
2465
2777
<a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual canvas
2466
2778
size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
2467
2779
href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
2468
added to the final composite positioning of each image. <p>
2780
added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td>
2781
</tr>
2469
2782
2470
If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
2783
<tr><td></td><td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
2471
2784
applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
2472
2785
list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
2473
2786
preserved. </td>
2474
2787
</tr>
2475
2788
2476
<tr valign=top>
2789
2790
<tr valign="top">
2477
2791
<td valign="top">dispose</td>
2478
2792
<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
2479
2793
the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
2484
2798
</td>
2485
2799
</tr>
2486
2800
2487
<tr valign=top>
2801
<tr valign="top">
2488
2802
<td valign="top">flatten</td>
2489
2803
<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
2490
2804
canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
2491
2805
and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
2492
2806
canvas. Images falling outside that canvas will be clipped. Final
2493
image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. <p>
2494
2495
This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
2496
overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. <p>
2497
2498
For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
2807
image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
2808
</tr>
2809
2810
<tr><td></td><td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
2811
overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
2812
</tr>
2813
2814
<tr><td></td><td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
2499
2815
canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
2500
transparency from an image.
2501
</td>
2816
transparency from an image.</td>
2502
2817
</tr>
2503
2818
2504
<tr valign=top>
2819
2820
<tr valign="top">
2505
2821
<td valign="top">merge</td>
2506
2822
<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
2507
2823
layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
2508
2824
without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
2509
2825
prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
2510
2826
negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
2511
<p>
2512
2513
Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
2514
as few image file formats handle them correctly.
2515
2827
</td>
2828
</tr>
2829
2830
<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
2831
as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
2516
2832
</tr>
2517
2833
2518
<tr valign=top>
2834
<tr valign="top">
2519
2835
<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
2520
2836
<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
2521
2837
of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
2522
2838
virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by defination, image layers
2523
2839
with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
2524
edges. <p>
2840
edges.</td>
2841
</tr>
2525
2842
2526
This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
2843
<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
2527
2844
offset but without knowning the final canvas size. The resulting image
2528
2845
will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
2529
any image file format.
2530
</td>
2846
any image file format. </td>
2531
2847
</tr>
2532
2848
2533
2849
2534
<tr valign=top>
2535
<td valign="top"><b>optimize</b></td>
2850
<tr valign="top">
2851
<td valign="top">optimize</td>
2536
2852
<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
2537
2853
a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
2538
2854
apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
2540
2856
include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
2541
2857
</tr>
2542
2858
2543
<tr valign=top>
2859
<tr valign="top">
2544
2860
<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
2545
2861
<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
2546
2862
reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
2547
2863
attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
2548
the result will continue to animate properly. <p>
2864
the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
2865
</tr>
2549
2866
2550
There is no guarantee that the best optimization will be found. But
2867
<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization will be found. But
2551
2868
then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
2552
2869
However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
2553
2870
optimizers seen. </td>
2554
2871
</tr>
2555
2872
2556
<tr valign=top>
2873
<tr valign="top">
2557
2874
<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
2558
2875
<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
2559
2876
overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
2562
2879
overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
2563
2880
next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
2564
2881
only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
2565
'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. <p>
2882
'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
2883
</tr>
2566
2884
2567
There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
2885
<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
2568
2886
result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
2569
2887
is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
2570
2888
the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
2571
2889
however you can get a vast improvment in the final animation size. </td>
2572
2890
</tr>
2573
2891
2574
<tr valign=top>
2892
<tr valign="top">
2575
2893
<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
2576
2894
<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
2577
2895
overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
2578
2896
animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
2579
<p>
2897
</td>
2898
</tr>
2580
2899
2581
This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
2900
<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
2582
2901
into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
2583
2902
color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
2584
2903
disposed image of the last frame. </td>
2585
2904
</tr>
2586
2905
2587
<tr valign=top>
2906
<tr valign="top">
2588
2907
<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
2589
2908
<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
2590
2909
images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
2591
<p>
2910
</td>
2911
</tr>
2592
2912
2593
Usally this a result of using a constant time delay across the
2913
<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
2594
2914
whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
2595
2915
sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
2596
2916
part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
2597
2917
</tr>
2598
2918
2599
<tr valign=top>
2919
<tr valign="top">
2600
2920
<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
2601
2921
<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
2602
2922
images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
2603
warning is then issued). <p>
2923
warning is then issued). </td>
2924
</tr>
2604
2925
2605
In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
2926
<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
2606
2927
partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
2607
2928
displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
2608
2929
optimization in GIF animations. </td>
2609
2930
</tr>
2610
2931
2611
<tr valign=top>
2932
<tr valign="top">
2612
2933
<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
2613
2934
<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
2614
2935
image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
2617
2938
the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
2618
2939
remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
2619
2940
minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
2620
canvas. The image data however may be transparent. </p>
2941
canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
2621
2942
</td>
2622
2943
</tr>
2623
2944
2624
2945
</tbody>
2625
2946
</table>
2626
2947
2627
<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use the <a href="#list">-list layers</a> option.</p>
2948
<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
2628
2949
2629
2950
<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
2630
2951
>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
2635
2956
2636
2957
2637
2958
<div style="margin: auto;">
2638
<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="option">black_point</em>{,<em class="option">white_point</em>}{<em class="option">%</em>}{,<em class="option">gamma</em>}</h4>
2959
<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
2639
2960
</div>
2640
2961
2641
<p>adjust the level of image channels.</p>
2962
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2642
2963
2643
2964
<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
2644
2965
white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
2645
white points range from 0 to QuantumRange, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
2646
point is omitted it is set to (QuantumRange - black-point), so as to center
2966
white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
2967
point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
2647
2968
contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
2648
2969
both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
2649
2970
will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
2652
2973
<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
2653
2974
the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image will be set to
2654
2975
zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value will be set to
2655
QuantumRange (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
2976
<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
2656
2977
to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
2657
2978
adjusted. </p>
2658
2979
2659
2980
<p>From IM v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
2660
2981
adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
2661
2982
operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
2662
QuantumRange value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, will be
2983
<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, will be
2663
2984
adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
2664
2985
the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
2665
2986
2673
2994
2674
2995
<div style="margin: auto;">
2675
2996
<h4><a name="level-colors" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
2676
class="option">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="option">white_color</em>}</h4>
2997
class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
2677
2998
</div>
2678
2999
2679
<p>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</p>
3000
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2680
3001
2681
3002
<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
2682
3003
value value for each color channel is determined by the
2703
3024
2704
3025
2705
3026
<div style="margin: auto;">
2706
<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="option">type value</em></h4>
3027
<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
2707
3028
</div>
2708
3029
2709
<p>pixel cache resource limit.</p>
2710
2711
<p>Choose from: <kbd>Area</kbd>, <kbd>Disk</kbd>, <kbd>File</kbd>, <kbd>Map</kbd>, <kbd>or Memory.</kbd></p>
2712
2713
<p>The value for <kbd>File</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 1024MB memory, 4096MB map, and unlimited disk, but these are adjusted at startup time on platforms that can provide information about available resources. When the limit is reached, ImageMagick will fail in some fashion, or take compensating actions if possible. For example,</p>
2714
2715
<pre class="text">
3030
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3031
3032
<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, or <kbd>memory</kbd>.</p>
3033
3034
<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2gb of image area, 1.5gb memory, 8gb memory map, and 16tb of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
3035
3036
<p class="crtsnip">
2716
3037
-limit memory 32mb -limit map 64mb
2717
</pre>
2718
2719
<p>limits memory. When the pixel cache reaches the memory limit it uses memory mapping. When that limit is reached it goes to disk. If disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
2720
2721
<p>Resource limits may also be set using <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, and <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd> limits for image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, and memory map respectively.</p> <p>You can use the option <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits.</p>
3038
</p>
3039
3040
<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
3041
3042
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'><pre>File Area Memory Map Disk
3043
------------------------------------------------
3044
768 3.8187gb 2.864gb 7.6375gb 16eb </pre>
3045
</span></p>
3046
<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automatically are allocated on disk.</p>
3047
3048
<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automatically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
3049
3050
<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
3051
3052
<p class="crtsnip">
3053
-limit area 10mb
3054
</p>
3055
3056
<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automatically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images will process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertedly upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
3057
3058
<p class="crtsnip">
3059
-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
3060
</p>
3061
3062
<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
3063
3064
<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, and <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, and memory map, respectively.</p>
3065
3066
<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
3067
</p>
3068
3069
<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
3070
</p>
2722
3071
2723
3072
<div style="margin: auto;">
2724
<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="option">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="option">black-point</em>{x<em class="option">white-point</em>}{<em class="option">%</em>}}</h4>
3073
<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
2725
3074
</div>
2726
3075
2727
<p>Linear with saturation stretch.</p>
3076
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2728
3077
2729
3078
<div style="margin: auto;">
2730
3079
<h4><a name="linewidth" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
2731
3080
</div>
2732
3081
2733
<p>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</p>
2734
2735
<div style="margin: auto;">
2736
<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
2737
</div>
2738
2739
<p>rescale image with seam-carving.</p>
2740
2741
<div style="margin: auto;">
2742
<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2743
</div>
2744
2745
<p>print a list of supported option arguments. Choose from these list types:</p>
3082
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3083
3084
<div style="margin: auto;">
3085
<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3086
</div>
3087
3088
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3089
3090
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
3091
3092
<div style="margin: auto;">
3093
<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3094
</div>
3095
3096
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2746
3097
2747
3098
<pre class="text">
2748
3099
coder
2751
3102
delegate
2752
3103
font
2753
3104
format
3105
list
2754
3106
log
2755
3107
magic
2756
3108
module
2758
3110
threshold
2759
3111
</pre>
2760
3112
2761
<p>The above are just the special lists generated from various sources. In
2762
addition to these are many other lists, generally used as part of the parsing
2763
of command line options as compiled into the current ImageMagick version you are using. For example type "<kbd>-list list</kbd>" to get a completely listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments available.</p>
3113
<p>The above lists are only some of the many lists available. These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. For example use "<kbd>-list list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments available:</p>
2764
3114
3115
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
2765
3116
<div style="margin: auto;">
2766
<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="option">string</em></h4>
3117
<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
2767
3118
</div>
2768
3119
2769
<p>Specify format for debug log.</p>
3120
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2770
3121
2771
3122
<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
2772
3123
2789
3140
2790
3141
<p>For example:</p>
2791
3142
2792
<pre class="text">
2793
convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png
2794
</pre>
2795
3143
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
2796
3144
<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
2797
3145
2798
3146
<div style="margin: auto;">
2799
<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="option">iterations</em></h4>
2800
</div>
2801
2802
<p>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</p>
2803
2804
<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="option">iterations</em> times.</p>
2805
2806
<div style="margin: auto;">
2807
<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="option">color</em></h4>
2808
</div>
2809
2810
<p>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
2811
2812
<div style="margin: auto;">
2813
<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="option">factor</em></h4>
2814
</div>
2815
2816
<p>magnify the image.</p>
2817
2818
2819
<div style="margin: auto;">
2820
<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2821
</div>
2822
2823
<p>display image using this type.</p>
2824
2825
<p>[<em class="option">animate</em> or <em class="option">display</em>].</p>
2826
2827
<p>Choose from these <em class="option">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
3147
<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
3148
</div>
3149
3150
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3151
3152
<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em> times.</p>
3153
3154
<div style="margin: auto;">
3155
<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
3156
</div>
3157
3158
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3159
3160
<div style="margin: auto;">
3161
<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
3162
</div>
3163
3164
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3165
3166
3167
<div style="margin: auto;">
3168
<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3169
</div>
3170
3171
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
3172
3173
<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
2828
3174
2829
3175
<pre class="text">
2830
3176
best
2835
3181
blue
2836
3182
</pre>
2837
3183
2838
<p>The <em class="option">X server</em> must support the <em class="option">Standard Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in <kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em class="option">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
3184
<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in <kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
2839
3185
2840
3186
2841
3187
<div style="margin: auto;">
2842
<h4><a name="stream-map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="option">components</em></h4>
3188
<h4><a name="map_stream_" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
2843
3189
</div>
2844
3190
2845
<p>pixel map. Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
3191
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
2846
3192
2847
<p>[<em class="option">stream</em>].</p>
3193
<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
2848
3194
2849
3195
<pre class="text">
2850
3196
r red pixel component
2864
3210
2865
3211
<div style="margin: auto;">
2866
3212
<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
2867
<em class="option">filename</em></h4>
3213
<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
2868
3214
</div>
2869
3215
2870
<p>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</p>
3216
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2871
3217
2872
3218
<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
2873
3219
2874
3220
<div style="margin: auto;">
2875
<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="option">color</em></h4>
3221
<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
2876
3222
</div>
2877
3223
2878
<p>specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</p>
3224
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2879
3225
2880
3226
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
2881
3227
2882
<div style="margin: auto;">
2883
<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="option">radius</em></h4>
2884
</div>
2885
2886
<p>apply a median filter to the image.</p>
2887
2888
<div style="margin: auto;">
2889
<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="option">type</em></h4>
2890
</div>
2891
2892
<p>output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images, according the
2893
to given metric. </p>
3228
<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
3229
3230
<div style="margin: auto;">
3231
<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
3232
</div>
3233
3234
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3235
3236
<div style="margin: auto;">
3237
<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3238
</div>
3239
3240
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2894
3241
2895
3242
<p>Choose from:</p>
2896
3243
2918
3265
2919
3266
2920
3267
<div style="margin: auto;">
2921
<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="option">value</em></h4>
3268
<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
2922
3269
</div>
2923
3270
2924
<p>mode of operation. Choose from these styles: <kbd>Frame, Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
3271
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
2925
3272
2926
<p>[<em class="option">montage</em>].</p>
3273
<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame, Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
2927
3274
2928
3275
<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>'
2929
3276
argument for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available
2931
3278
2932
3279
2933
3280
<div style="margin: auto;">
2934
<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="option">brightness</em>,<em class="option">saturation</em>,<em class="option">hue</em></h4>
3281
<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
2935
3282
</div>
2936
3283
2937
<p>vary the <kbd>brightness</kbd>, <kbd>saturation</kbd>, and <kbd>hue</kbd>
2938
of an image, as a percentage variation. A value of 100 means no change, any
3284
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3285
3286
<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means no change, and any
2939
3287
missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
2940
3288
2941
<p><kbd>Brightness</kbd> is a multiplyer of the images overall brightness, 0
2942
means pure black, 50, is half bright, 200 is twice as bright. To invert its
2943
meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image before an after. </p>
2944
2945
<p><kbd>saturation,</kbd> controles the amount of color in an image. 0 will
2946
produce a grayscale image, while a large value like 200 will produce a very
2947
colorful 'cartoon' like color.</p>
2948
2949
<p><kbd>Hue</kbd> rotates the colors within the image by the amount specified.
2950
For example 50 results in a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red
3289
<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall brightness of the image, so 0
3290
means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is twice as bright. To invert its
3291
meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image before and after. </p>
3292
3293
<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an image. For example, 0 will
3294
produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as 200 will produce a very
3295
colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
3296
3297
<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red
2951
3298
shades to purple, and so on. A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete
2952
3299
180 degree rotation of the image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree
2953
3300
rotation resulting in no change to the original image. </p>
2954
3301
2955
<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use: <a href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
3302
<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
2956
3303
2957
3304
<div style="margin: auto;">
2958
3305
<h4><a name="monitor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
2959
3306
</div>
2960
3307
2961
<p>monitor progress.</p>
3308
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2962
3309
2963
3310
2964
3311
<div style="margin: auto;">
2965
3312
<h4><a name="monochrome" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
2966
3313
</div>
2967
3314
2968
<p>transform the image to black and white.</p>
3315
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2969
3316
2970
3317
2971
3318
<div style="margin: auto;">
2972
<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="option">frames</em></h4>
3319
<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
2973
3320
</div>
2974
3321
2975
<p>morphs an image sequence.</p>
3322
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2976
3323
2977
3324
<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
2978
3325
appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
2979
3326
in the current image list. The added images are the equivelent of a <a
2980
href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="option">frames</em>
3327
href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
2981
3328
argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
2982
3329
2983
3330
2985
3332
<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
2986
3333
</div>
2987
3334
2988
<p>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</p>
3335
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2989
3336
2990
3337
2991
3338
<div style="margin: auto;">
2992
<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="option">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="option">radius</em>x<em class="option">sigma</em>+<em class="option">angle</em></h4>
3339
<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
2993
3340
</div>
2994
3341
2995
<p>simulate motion blur.</p>
3342
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
2996
3343
2997
3344
<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
2998
3345
3000
3347
<h4><a name="name" id="name"></a>-name</h4>
3001
3348
</div>
3002
3349
3003
<p>name an image.</p>
3350
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3004
3351
<div style="margin: auto;">
3005
3352
<h4><a name="negate" id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
3006
3353
</div>
3007
3354
3008
<p>replace every pixel with its complementary color.</p>
3355
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace every pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3009
3356
3010
3357
<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
3011
3358
3012
3359
<div style="margin: auto;">
3013
<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="option">radius|type</em></h4>
3360
<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
3361
+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3014
3362
</div>
3015
3363
3016
<p>add or reduce noise in an image.</p>
3364
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3017
3365
3018
3366
<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
3019
3367
3020
<p>Use <kbd>radius</kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood.</p>
3368
<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
3021
3369
3022
<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise type to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
3370
<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
3023
3371
3024
3372
<pre class="text">
3025
Uniform
3026
Gaussian
3027
Multiplicative
3028
Impulse
3029
Laplacian
3030
Poisson
3373
Gaussian
3374
Impulse
3375
Laplacian
3376
Multiplicative
3377
Poisson
3378
Random
3379
Uniform
3031
3380
</pre>
3032
3381
3033
3382
<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
3037
3386
<h4><a name="normalize" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
3038
3387
</div>
3039
3388
3040
<p>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of
3041
intensity values to cover the whole range of values posible. While doing so black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
3042
3043
<p>Note that as of IM 6.4.5-9, <a href="#normaize" >-normalize</a> is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>. (Before this
3389
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3390
3391
<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
3392
3393
<p>Note that as of IM 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a> is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>. (Before this
3044
3394
version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch 2%x99%)</a></p>
3045
3395
3046
3396
<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to preserve color integrity. Specify <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
3047
3397
3048
3398
3049
3399
<div style="margin: auto;">
3050
<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="option">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="option">level</em>...}</h4>
3400
<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
3051
3401
</div>
3052
3402
3053
<p>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em class="option">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the number of <em class="option">levels</em> per color channel . </p>
3403
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3054
3404
3055
3405
<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
3056
3406
3072
3422
<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
3073
3423
'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled,
3074
3424
or 'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord
3075
dither pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="option">threshold
3425
dither pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg">threshold
3076
3426
map</em> in a personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
3077
3427
3078
3428
<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list">-list threshold</a> option.</p>
3083
3433
a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
3084
3434
limited file format such as GIF. </p>
3085
3435
3086
Note that at this time the exact same map is used for all color channels, no
3436
<p>Note that at this time the exact same map is used for all color channels, no
3087
3437
attempt is made to offset or rotate the dither map for different channels is
3088
made, at this point in time. (posible future expandsion) </p>
3438
made, at this point in time. (possible future expansion) </p>
3089
3439
3090
3440
3091
3441
<div style="margin: auto;">
3092
<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="option">color</em></h4>
3442
<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
3093
3443
</div>
3094
3444
3095
<p>change this color to the fill color within the image.</p>
3445
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3096
3446
3097
<p>The <em class="option">color</em> argument is defined using the format
3098
described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a
3099
href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar
3447
<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
3448
described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.
3449
The <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar
3100
3450
to the one given.</p>
3101
3451
3102
3452
<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
3103
3453
as <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> but makes the matching color transparent,
3104
rather than the same as the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color. </P>
3454
rather than the same as the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color. </p>
3105
3455
3106
<p>Use <em class="option">+opaque</em> to paint any pixel that does not match the target color.</p>
3456
<p>Use <em class="arg">+opaque</em> to paint any pixel that does not match the target color.</p>
3107
3457
3108
3458
<div style="margin: auto;">
3109
<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="option">image orientation</em></h4>
3459
<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
3110
3460
</div>
3111
3461
3112
<p>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</p>
3462
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3113
3463
3114
3464
<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
3115
3465
3129
3479
3130
3480
3131
3481
<div style="margin: auto;">
3132
<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option"> y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}{<em class="option">!</em>}{<em class="option"></em>}{<em class="option"></em>}</h4> </div>
3133
3134
<p>size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</p>
3135
3136
<p>Use this option to specify the dimensions of the <em class="option">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
3137
3138
<pre class="text">
3139
11x17 792 1224
3140
Ledger 1224 792
3141
Legal 612 1008
3142
Letter 612 792
3143
LetterSmall 612 792
3144
ArchE 2592 3456
3145
ArchD 1728 2592
3146
ArchC 1296 1728
3147
ArchB 864 1296
3148
ArchA 648 864
3149
A0 2380 3368
3150
A1 1684 2380
3151
A2 1190 1684
3152
A3 842 1190
3153
A4 595 842
3154
A4Small 595 842
3155
A5 421 595
3156
A6 297 421
3157
A7 210 297
3158
A8 148 210
3159
A9 105 148
3160
A10 74 105
3161
B0 2836 4008
3162
B1 2004 2836
3163
B2 1418 2004
3164
B3 1002 1418
3165
B4 709 1002
3166
B5 501 709
3167
C0 2600 3677
3168
C1 1837 2600
3169
C2 1298 1837
3170
C3 918 1298
3171
C4 649 918
3172
C5 459 649
3173
C6 323 459
3174
Flsa 612 936
3175
Flse 612 936
3176
HalfLetter 396 612
3177
</pre>
3178
3179
<p>For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, <a href="#page">-page</a> behaves much like <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> (e.g. <a href="#page">-page letter+43+43</a>).</p>
3180
3181
<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="option">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
3182
3183
<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="option">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="option">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="option">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="option">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="option">NorthWest</em>.</p>
3482
<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
3483
-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
3484
+page
3485
</h4>
3486
</div>
3487
3488
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3489
3490
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
3491
3492
<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
3493
3494
<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
3495
<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
3496
<thead>
3497
<tr valign="top">
3498
<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
3499
<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
3500
<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
3501
</tr>
3502
</thead>
3503
<tbody>
3504
<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
3505
<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
3506
<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
3507
<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
3508
<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
3509
<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
3510
<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
3511
<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
3512
<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
3513
<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
3514
<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
3515
<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
3516
<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
3517
<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
3518
<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
3519
<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
3520
<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
3521
<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
3522
<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
3523
<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
3524
<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
3525
<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
3526
<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
3527
<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
3528
<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
3529
<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
3530
<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
3531
<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
3532
<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
3533
<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
3534
<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
3535
<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
3536
<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
3537
<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
3538
<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
3539
<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
3540
<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
3541
<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
3542
</tbody>
3543
</table>
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
3549
3550
<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
3184
3551
3185
3552
<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
3186
3553
3189
3556
<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
3190
3557
3191
3558
<div style="margin: auto;">
3192
<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="option">radius</em></h4>
3193
</div>
3194
3195
<p>simulate an oil painting.</p>
3196
3197
<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="option">radius</em>.</p>
3198
3199
<div style="margin: auto;">
3200
<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="option">path</em></h4></div>
3201
3202
<p>write images to this path on disk.</p>
3203
3204
<div style="margin: auto;">
3205
<h4><a name="pause" id="pause"></a>-pause <em class="option">seconds</em></h4>
3206
</div>
3207
3208
<p>pause between animation loops [animate].</p>
3559
<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
3560
</div>
3561
3562
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3563
3564
<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
3565
3566
<div style="margin: auto;">
3567
<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
3568
3569
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3570
3571
<div style="margin: auto;">
3572
<h4><a name="pause_animate_" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
3573
</div>
3574
3575
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
3209
3576
3210
3577
<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
3211
3578
3212
3579
<div style="margin: auto;">
3213
<h4><a name="pause" id="pause"></a>-pause <em class="option">seconds</em></h4>
3580
<h4><a name="pause_import_" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
3214
3581
</div>
3215
3582
3216
<p>pause between snapshots [import].</p>
3583
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
3217
3584
3218
3585
<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
3219
3586
3221
3588
<h4><a name="ping" id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
3222
3589
</div>
3223
3590
3224
<p>efficiently determine image characteristics.</p>
3225
3226
<div style="margin: auto;">
3227
<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="option">value</em></h4>
3228
</div>
3229
3230
<p>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</p>
3231
3232
<div style="margin: auto;">
3233
<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="option">angle</em></h4>
3234
</div>
3235
3236
<p>simulate a Polaroid picture.</p>
3237
3238
<div style="margin: auto;">
3239
<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="option">levels</em></h4>
3240
</div>
3241
3242
<p>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</p>
3243
3244
<div style="margin: auto;">
3245
<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="option">type</em></h4>
3246
</div>
3247
3248
<p>image preview type.</p>
3591
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3592
3593
<div style="margin: auto;">
3594
<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
3595
</div>
3596
3597
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3598
3599
<div style="margin: auto;">
3600
<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
3601
</div>
3602
3603
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3604
3605
<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
3606
3607
<div style="margin: auto;">
3608
<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
3609
</div>
3610
3611
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3612
3613
<div style="margin: auto;">
3614
<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3615
</div>
3616
3617
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3249
3618
3250
3619
<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
3251
3620
3286
3655
<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
3287
3656
3288
3657
<div style="margin: auto;">
3289
<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="option">string</em></h4>
3658
<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
3290
3659
</div>
3291
3660
3292
<p>interpret string and print to console.</p>
3661
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3293
3662
3294
3663
<div style="margin: auto;">
3295
<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="option">command</em></h4>
3664
<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
3296
3665
</div>
3297
3666
3298
<p>process the image with a custom image filter.</p>
3667
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3299
3668
3300
3669
<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
3301
3670
3302
3671
<div style="margin: auto;">
3303
<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
3672
<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
3673
+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
3304
3674
</div>
3305
3675
3306
<p>add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image.</p> <p><a href="#profile">-profile filename</a> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image</p>
3307
3308
<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile icc</a>, <a href="#profile">+profile icm</a>, <a href="#profile">+profile 8bim</a>, or <a href="#profile">+profile <em>profile_name</em></a> to remove the respective profile. Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out what profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles.</p>
3309
3310
<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="option">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="option">IPTC</em>.</p>
3311
3312
<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="option">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
3313
3314
<pre class="text">
3315
convert cockatoo.jpg exifdata.app1
3316
</pre>
3676
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3677
3678
<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
3679
3680
<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
3681
3682
<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
3683
3684
<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
3685
3686
<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
3687
3688
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
3689
<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
3690
3691
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
3692
<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
3693
CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
3694
</p>
3317
3695
3318
3696
<div style="margin: auto;">
3319
<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="option">value</em></h4>
3697
<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
3320
3698
</div>
3321
3699
3322
<p>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</p>
3700
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3323
3701
3324
3702
<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 85. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
3325
3703
3341
3719
3342
3720
<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
3343
3721
3344
<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="option">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
3722
<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
3345
3723
3346
<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="option">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
3724
<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
3347
3725
3348
3726
<p>The default is quality is 85, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
3349
3727
3352
3730
<p>When writing a JNG image with transparency, two quality values are required, one for the main image and one for the grayscale image that conveys the alpha channel. These are written as a single integer equal to the main image quality plus 1000 times the opacity quality. For example, if you want to use quality 85 for the main image and quality 90 to compress the opacity data, use <a href="#quality">-quality 90085</a>.</p>
3353
3731
3354
3732
<div style="margin: auto;">
3355
<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="option">colorspace</em></h4>
3733
<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
3356
3734
</div>
3357
3735
3358
<p>reduce colors in this colorspace.</p>
3736
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors in this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3359
3737
3360
3738
<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
3361
3739
3364
3742
<h4><a name="quiet" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
3365
3743
</div>
3366
3744
3367
<p>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</p>
3368
3369
<div style="margin: auto;">
3370
<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="option">angle</em></h4>
3371
</div>
3372
3373
<p>blur around the center of the image.</p>
3374
3375
<div style="margin: auto;">
3376
<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="option">widthxheight</em></h4>
3377
</div>
3378
3379
<p>lighten or darken image edges.</p>
3380
3381
<p>This will create a 3-D effect. See <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> for details about the geometry specification. Offsets are not used.</p>
3382
3383
<p>Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.</p>
3384
3385
<div style="margin: auto;">
3386
<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="option">low</em>x<em class="option">high</em></h4>
3387
</div>
3388
3389
<p>random threshold the image.</p>
3390
3391
<div style="margin: auto;">
3392
<h4><a name="recolor" id="recolor"></a>-recolor <em class="option">matrix</em></h4>
3393
</div>
3394
3395
<p>translate, scale, shear, or rotate image colors. Although you can use variable sized matrices, typically you use a 5 x 5 for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA. Populate the last row with normalized values to translate.</p>
3396
3397
<div style="margin: auto;">
3398
<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="option">x,y</em></h4>
3399
</div>
3400
3401
<p>red chromaticity primary point.</p>
3745
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3746
3747
<div style="margin: auto;">
3748
<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
3749
</div>
3750
3751
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3752
3753
<div style="margin: auto;">
3754
<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
3755
</div>
3756
3757
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3758
3759
<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
3760
</p>
3761
3762
<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
3763
3764
<div style="margin: auto;">
3765
<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
3766
</div>
3767
3768
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3769
3770
<div style="margin: auto;">
3771
<h4><a name="recolor" id="recolor"></a>-recolor <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
3772
</div>
3773
3774
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Translate, scale, shear, or rotate image colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3775
3776
<p>Although variable-sized matrices can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA. Populate the last row with normalized values to translate.
3777
</p>
3778
3779
<div style="margin: auto;">
3780
<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
3781
</div>
3782
3783
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3402
3784
3403
3785
<div style="margin: auto;">
3404
3786
<h4><a name="regard-warnings" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
3405
3787
</div>
3406
3788
3407
<p>pay attention to warning messages.</p>
3789
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3408
3790
3409
3791
<div style="margin: auto;">
3410
<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
3792
<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
3411
3793
</div>
3412
3794
3413
<p>reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</p>
3414
3415
<p>[<em class="option">convert</em> or <em class="option">mogrify</em>].</p>
3795
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3416
3796
3417
3797
<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
3418
3798
the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
3439
3819
reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
3440
3820
3441
3821
<div style="margin: auto;">
3442
<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="option">widthxheight</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option"> y</em></h4>
3822
<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3443
3823
</div>
3444
3824
3445
<p>apply options to a portion of the image.</p>
3446
3447
<p>The <em class="option">x</em> and <em class="option">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
3825
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3826
3827
<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
3828
3829
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
3448
3830
3449
3831
<div style="margin: auto;">
3450
3832
<h4><a name="remote" id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
3451
3833
</div>
3452
3834
3453
<p>perform a remote operation.</p>
3835
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3454
3836
3455
3837
<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
3456
3838
3460
3842
<h4><a name="render" id="render"></a>-render</h4>
3461
3843
</div>
3462
3844
3463
<p>render vector operations.</p>
3845
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3464
3846
3465
3847
<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
3466
3848
3467
3849
<div style="margin: auto;">
3468
<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
3850
<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3469
3851
</div>
3470
3852
3471
<p>adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</p>
3853
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3472
3854
3473
3855
<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
3474
rather than a setting. You can seperatally set the canvas size or the offset
3856
rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
3475
3857
of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
3476
3858
3859
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
3860
3477
3861
<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
3478
3862
offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
3479
3863
animation sequences. </p>
3485
3869
<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
3486
3870
canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
3487
3871
3488
<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to just
3872
<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
3489
3873
directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
3490
3874
3491
3875
3492
3876
<div style="margin: auto;">
3493
<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="option">horizontalxvertical</em></h4>
3877
<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
3494
3878
</div>
3495
3879
3496
<p>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</p>
3880
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3497
3881
3498
3882
<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
3499
3883
3500
3884
<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
3501
3885
3502
3886
<div style="margin: auto;">
3503
<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="option">width</em><br />-resize <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">%</em>} {<em class="option">@</em>} {<em class="option">!</em>} {<em class="option"><</em>} {<em class="option">></em>} {<em class="option">^</em>}</h4>
3887
<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3504
3888
</div>
3505
3889
3506
<p>resize an image.</p>
3507
3508
<p>By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify <kbd>640x480!</kbd> the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.</p>
3509
3510
<p>If only the width is specified, the width assumes the value and the height is chosen to maintain the aspect ratio of the image. Similarly, if only the height is specified (e.g., <kbd>-resize x256</kbd>, the width is chosen to maintain the aspect ratio.</p>
3511
3512
<p>To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. The image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage less than 100.</p>
3513
3514
<p>Use <kbd>@</kbd> to specify the maximum area in pixels of an image.</p>
3515
3516
<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the dimensions of the image <em>only</em> if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification. <kbd><</kbd> resizes the image <em>only</em> if both of its dimensions are less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify <kbd>640x480></kbd> and the image size is 256x256, the image size does not change. However, if the image is 512x512 or 1024x1024, it is resized to 480x480. Enclose the geometry specification in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
3517
3518
<p>Use <kbd>^</kbd> to set a minimum image size limit. The geometry <kbd>640x480^</kbd>, for example, means the image width will not be less than 640 and the image height will not be less than 480 pixels after the resize. One of those dimensions will match the requested size, but the image will likely overflow the space requested to preserve its aspect ratio. The <kbd>^</kbd> feature is new as of IM 6.3.8-2</p>
3890
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3891
3892
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
3519
3893
3520
3894
<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
3521
3895
3522
3896
<div style="margin: auto;">
3523
<h4><a name="respect-parenthesis" id="respect-parenthesis"></a>-respect-parenthesis</h4>
3897
<h4><a name="respect-parentheses" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
3524
3898
</div>
3525
3899
3526
<p>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</p>
3900
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3527
3901
3528
3902
<div style="margin: auto;">
3529
3903
<h4><a name="reverse" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
3530
3904
</div>
3531
3905
3532
<p>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</p>
3533
3534
3535
<div style="margin: auto;">
3536
<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em></h4>
3537
</div>
3538
3539
<p>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</p>
3540
3541
<p>A negative <em class="option">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="option">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
3542
3543
3544
<div style="margin: auto;">
3545
<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="option">degrees</em>{<em class="option"><</em>}{<em class="option">></em>}</h4>
3546
</div>
3547
3548
<p>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</p>
3906
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3907
3908
3909
<div style="margin: auto;">
3910
<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
3911
</div>
3912
3913
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3914
3915
<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
3916
3917
3918
<div style="margin: auto;">
3919
<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
3920
</div>
3921
3922
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3549
3923
3550
3924
<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
3551
3925
3557
3931
3558
3932
3559
3933
<div style="margin: auto;">
3560
<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
3934
<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3561
3935
</div>
3562
3936
3563
<p>scale image using pixel sampling.</p>
3937
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale image using pixel sampling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3564
3938
3565
3939
<p><a href="#sample">-sample</a> ignores the current <a href="#resize">-resize</a> <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. The results are equivelent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd>, though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster. </p>
3566
3940
3567
<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
3941
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
3568
3942
3569
3943
3570
3944
<div style="margin: auto;">
3571
<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="option">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="option">vertical-factor</em></h4>
3945
<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
3572
3946
</div>
3573
3947
3574
<p>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</p>
3948
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3575
3949
3576
3950
<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
3577
3951
3578
3952
<div style="margin: auto;">
3579
<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
3953
<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3580
3954
</div>
3581
3955
3582
<p>scale the image.</p>
3956
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3583
3957
3584
<p>See <a href="#resize">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification. <a href="#scale">-scale</a> uses a simpler, faster algorithm, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> selection if the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option is present. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
3958
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#scale">-scale</a> option uses a simpler, faster algorithm than <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting if one is present. Offsets, if present in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
3585
3959
3586
3960
<div style="margin: auto;">
3587
<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="option">value</em></h4>
3961
<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
3588
3962
</div>
3589
3963
3590
<p>set scene number.</p>
3964
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3591
3965
3592
3966
<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
3593
3967
3595
3969
<h4><a name="screen" id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
3596
3970
</div>
3597
3971
3598
<p>specify the screen to capture.</p>
3972
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3599
3973
3600
3974
<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
3601
3975
3602
3976
<div style="margin: auto;">
3603
<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="option">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="option">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
3604
</div>
3605
3606
<p>segment the colors of an image.</p>
3607
3608
<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
3609
3610
<p>Specify <em class="option">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="option">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
3977
<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
3978
</div>
3979
3980
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3981
3982
<div style="margin: auto;">
3983
<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
3984
</div>
3985
3986
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3987
3988
<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
3989
3990
<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
3611
3991
3612
3992
<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
3613
3993
of the color clusters is returned.</p>
3614
3994
3615
3995
3616
3996
<div style="margin: auto;">
3617
<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
3997
<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3618
3998
</div>
3619
3999
3620
<p>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</p>
4000
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3621
4001
3622
4002
<div style="margin: auto;">
3623
4003
<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
3624
4004
</div>
3625
4005
3626
<p>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</p>
3627
3628
<div style="margin: auto;">
3629
<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
3630
</div>
3631
3632
<p>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</p>
3633
3634
<p>Specify <em class="option">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
3635
3636
<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to QuantumRange and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
3637
3638
<div style="margin: auto;">
3639
<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="option">attribute value</em></h4>
3640
</div>
3641
3642
<p>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </p>
4006
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4007
4008
<div style="margin: auto;">
4009
<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
4010
</div>
4011
4012
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4013
4014
<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
4015
4016
<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
4017
4018
<div style="margin: auto;">
4019
<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">attribute value</em></h4>
4020
</div>
4021
4022
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3643
4023
3644
4024
<p>Attributes of interest include <a href="#comment">-comment</a>, <a href="#delay">-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a>, and <a href="#page">-page</a>. For example:</p>
3645
4025
3646
<pre class="text">
3647
-> convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png
3648
3649
-> identify -format %c rose.png
3650
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose
3651
</pre>
3652
4026
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
3653
4027
<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also set the
3654
4028
'<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of images already in memory, but allows you to
3655
4029
separately set the virtual canvas's size and offset components, and also allows
3660
4034
<p>Set image options by prefixing the value with <kbd>option:</kbd>. Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
3661
4035
3662
4036
<div style="margin: auto;">
3663
<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="option">azimuth</em>x<em class="option">elevation</em></h4>
4037
<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
3664
4038
</div>
3665
4039
3666
<p>shade the image using a distant light source.</p>
4040
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3667
4041
3668
<p>Specify <em class="option">azimuth</em> and <em class="option">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
4042
<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
3669
4043
3670
4044
<div style="margin: auto;">
3671
<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="option">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="option">sigma</em>}{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
4045
<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
3672
4046
</div>
3673
4047
3674
<p>simulate an image shadow.</p>
4048
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3675
4049
3676
4050
<div style="margin: auto;">
3677
4051
<h4><a name="shared-memory"
3678
4052
id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
3679
4053
</div>
3680
4054
3681
<p>use shared memory.</p>
4055
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3682
4056
3683
<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="option">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
4057
<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
3684
4058
3685
4059
<div style="margin: auto;">
3686
<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="option">radius</em>{x<em class="option">sigma</em>}</h4>
4060
<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
3687
4061
</div>
3688
4062
3689
<p>sharpen the image.</p>
4063
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3690
4064
3691
4065
<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
3692
4066
3693
4067
<div style="margin: auto;">
3694
<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="option">widthxheight</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
3695
</div>
3696
3697
<p>shave pixels from the image edges.</p>
3698
3699
<p>Specify the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom.</p>
3700
3701
<div style="margin: auto;">
3702
<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="option">x-degrees</em>x<em class="option">y-degrees</em></h4>
3703
</div>
3704
3705
<p>shear the image along the X or Y axis.</p>
3706
3707
<p>Use the specified positive or negative shear angle.</p>
3708
3709
<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y axis, creating a parallelogram. An X direction shear slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction shear slides an edge along the Y axis. The amount of the shear is controlled by a shear angle. For X direction shears, <em class="option">x-degrees</em> is measured relative to the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears <em class="option">y-degrees</em> is measured relative to the X axis.</p>
3710
3711
<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined with the <a href="#fill">-background</a> options. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
3712
3713
<div style="margin: auto;">
3714
<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="option">contrast</em>x<em class="option">mid-point</em></h4>
3715
</div>
3716
3717
<p>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</p>
3718
3719
<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="option">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="option">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="option">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
4068
<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
4069
</div>
4070
4071
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4072
4073
<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
4074
4075
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
4076
4077
<div style="margin: auto;">
4078
<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
4079
</div>
4080
4081
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4082
4083
<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
4084
4085
<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
4086
4087
<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
4088
4089
<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
4090
4091
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
4092
<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
4093
4094
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
4095
<div style="margin: auto;">
4096
<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
4097
</div>
4098
4099
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4100
4101
<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
3720
4102
3721
4103
<div style="margin: auto;">
3722
4104
<h4><a name="silent" id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
3723
4105
</div>
3724
4106
3725
<p>operate silently.</p>
4107
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3726
4108
3727
4109
<div style="margin: auto;">
3728
<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="option">width</em>{x<em class="option">height</em>}{<em class="option">+offset</em>}</h4>
4110
<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
3729
4111
</div>
3730
4112
3731
<p>width and height of the image.</p>
4113
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3732
4114
3733
4115
<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
3734
4116
3745
4127
<p>Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution layer of a JBIG or JPEG image (e.g. -size 1024x768).</p>
3746
4128
3747
4129
<div style="margin: auto;">
3748
<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="option">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="option">radius</em>x<em class="option">sigma</em>+<em class="option">angle</em></h4>
4130
<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
3749
4131
</div>
3750
4132
3751
<p>simulate a pencil sketch.</p>
4133
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3752
4134
3753
4135
<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
3754
4136
3755
4137
<div style="margin: auto;">
3756
<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="option">value</em></h4>
4138
<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
3757
4139
</div>
3758
4140
3759
<p>number of screen snapshots.</p>
4141
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
3760
4142
3761
4143
<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
3762
4144
3763
4145
<div style="margin: auto;">
3764
<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
4146
<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
3765
4147
</div>
3766
4148
3767
<p>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</p>
3768
3769
<p>Specify <em class="option">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
3770
3771
<p>This option produces a <em class="option">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
4149
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4150
4151
<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
4152
4153
<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
3772
4154
3773
4155
<div style="margin: auto;">
3774
<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sarse-color <em
3775
class="option">method</em> '<em class="option">x</em>,<em class="option">y</em> <em class="option">color</em> ...'</h4>
4156
<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
4157
class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
3776
4158
</div>
3777
4159
3778
<p> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </p>
3779
3780
3781
<table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
4160
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4161
4162
4163
<table class="doc">
3782
4164
<tbody>
3783
<tr valign=top>
4165
<tr valign="top">
3784
4166
<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
3785
4167
<th align="left">Description</th>
3786
4168
</tr>
3787
4169
3788
<tr valign=top>
4170
<tr valign="top">
3789
4171
<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
3790
4172
<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
3791
4173
given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
3792
4174
</tr>
3793
4175
3794
<tr valign=top>
4176
<tr valign="top">
3795
4177
<td valign="top">shepards</td>
3796
4178
<td valign="top">Colors points basied on the ratio of inverse distance
3797
4179
squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
3798
4180
colors. </td>
3799
4181
</tr>
3800
4182
3801
<tr valign=top>
4183
<tr valign="top">
3802
4184
<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
3803
4185
<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
3804
4186
Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
3805
4187
Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
3806
4188
</tr>
3807
4189
3808
<tr valign=top>
4190
<tr valign="top">
3809
4191
<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
3810
4192
<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
3811
4193
fall back to barycentric. </td>
3815
4197
</table>
3816
4198
3817
4199
<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
3818
canvas (<A HREF="#page" >-page</A> or <A HREF="#repage" >-repage</A>
3819
offset</A>), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
4200
canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
4201
offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
3820
4202
some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
3821
4203
</p>
3822
4204
3823
<p>Only the color channels defined by the <A HREF="#channel" >-channel</A> are
4205
<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
3824
4206
modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
3825
4207
default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
3826
4208
enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
3833
4215
3834
4216
3835
4217
<div style="margin: auto;">
3836
<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option"> y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}<em class="option"></em></h4>
3837
</div>
3838
3839
<p>splice the background color into the image.</p>
3840
3841
<p>See <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> for details about the geometry specification.</p>
3842
3843
<div style="margin: auto;">
3844
<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="option">amount</em></h4>
3845
</div>
3846
3847
<p>displace image pixels by a random amount.</p>
3848
3849
<p><em class="option">Amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
3850
3851
<div style="margin: auto;">
3852
<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="option">offset</em></h4>
3853
</div>
3854
3855
<p>hide watermark within an image.</p>
4218
<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
4219
</div>
4220
4221
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4222
4223
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
4224
4225
<div style="margin: auto;">
4226
<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
4227
</div>
4228
4229
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4230
4231
<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
4232
4233
<div style="margin: auto;">
4234
<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
4235
</div>
4236
4237
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3856
4238
3857
4239
<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
3858
4240
3859
4241
<div style="margin: auto;">
3860
<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo</h4>
4242
<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
3861
4243
</div>
3862
4244
3863
<p>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</p>
4245
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
3864
4246
3865
4247
<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
3866
4248
3867
4249
<div style="margin: auto;">
3868
<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="option">type</em></h4>
4250
<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
3869
4251
</div>
3870
4252
3871
<p>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</p>
4253
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3872
4254
3873
4255
<pre class="text">
3874
4256
char store pixels as unsigned characters
3881
4263
</pre>
3882
4264
3883
4265
<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
3884
values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.
4266
values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
4267
4268
<div style="margin: auto;">
4269
<h4><a name="stretch" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
4270
</div>
4271
4272
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4273
4274
<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
4275
4276
<pre class="text">
4277
Any
4278
Condensed
4279
Expanded
4280
ExtraCondensed
4281
ExtraExpanded
4282
Normal
4283
SemiCondensed
4284
SemiExpanded
4285
UltraCondensed
4286
UltraExpanded
4287
</pre>
4288
4289
<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
4290
4291
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
3885
4292
3886
4293
<div style="margin: auto;">
3887
4294
<h4><a name="strip" id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
3888
4295
</div>
3889
4296
3890
<p>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</p>
4297
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3891
4298
3892
4299
<div style="margin: auto;">
3893
<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="option">color</em></h4>
4300
<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
3894
4301
</div>
3895
4302
3896
<p>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</p>
4303
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3897
4304
3898
4305
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
3899
4306
3900
4307
<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
3901
4308
3902
4309
<div style="margin: auto;">
3903
<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="option">value</em></h4>
4310
<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
3904
4311
</div>
3905
4312
3906
<p>set the stroke width.</p>
4313
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3907
4314
3908
4315
<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
3909
4316
3910
4317
<div style="margin: auto;">
3911
<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="option">index,index</em></h4>
3912
</div>
3913
3914
<p>swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</p>
3915
3916
<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Whereas, <a href="#swap">+swap</a> swaps the last two image.</p>
3917
3918
<div style="margin: auto;">
3919
<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="option">degrees</em></h4>
3920
</div>
3921
3922
<p>swirl image pixels about the center.</p>
3923
3924
<p><em class="option">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
4318
<h4><a name="style" id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
4319
</div>
4320
4321
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4322
4323
<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from the following.</p>
4324
4325
<pre class="text">
4326
Any
4327
Italic
4328
Normal
4329
Oblique
4330
</pre>
4331
4332
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
4333
4334
<div style="margin: auto;">
4335
<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
4336
</div>
4337
4338
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4339
4340
<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch the last two images in the sequence.</p>
4341
4342
<div style="margin: auto;">
4343
<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
4344
</div>
4345
4346
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4347
4348
<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
3925
4349
3926
4350
<div style="margin: auto;">
3927
4351
<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
3928
4352
</div>
3929
4353
3930
<p>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</p>
4354
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3931
4355
3932
4356
<div style="margin: auto;">
3933
<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="option">name</em></h4>
4357
<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
3934
4358
</div>
3935
4359
3936
<p>font for writing fixed-width text.</p>
4360
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3937
4361
3938
<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="option">Courier</em>.</p>
4362
<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
3939
4363
3940
4364
<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
3941
4365
3942
4366
<div style="margin: auto;">
3943
<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
4367
<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
3944
4368
</div>
3945
4369
3946
<p>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</p>
4370
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3947
4371
3948
4372
<div style="margin: auto;">
3949
<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="option">value</em>{<em class="option">green,blue,opacity</em>}{<em class="option"> %</em>}</h4>
4373
<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
3950
4374
</div>
3951
4375
3952
<p>threshold the image.</p>
3953
3954
<p>Create an image such that any pixel sample that is equal to, or exceeds the threshold, is reassigned the maximum intensity otherwise the minimum intensity.</p>
3955
4376
<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
3956
4377
<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity will be used and any partially transparent pixel will become fully transparent.</p>
3957
3958
<p>To generate an all-black or all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image, you can use.</p>
3959
3960
<pre class="text">
3961
convert -threshold 65535 in.png black.png
3962
convert -threshold 0,0,0 in.png white.png
3963
</pre>
3964
3965
<p>Please note that the transparency channel will be treated as 'matte'
4378
-->
4379
4380
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4381
4382
<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
4383
4384
<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
4385
</p>
4386
4387
<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
4388
4389
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
4390
<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
4391
4392
4393
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
4394
<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel will be treated as 'matte'
3966
4395
values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
3967
4396
4397
<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
4398
</p>
3968
4399
3969
4400
<div style="margin: auto;">
3970
<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="option">width</em><br />-thumbnail <em class="option">width</em>x<em class="option">height</em>{<em class="option">%</em>} {<em class="option">@</em>} {<em class="option">!</em>} {<em class="option"><</em>} {<em class="option">></em>}</h4>
4401
<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
3971
4402
</div>
3972
4403
3973
<p>create a thumbnail of the image.</p>
4404
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
3974
4405
3975
4406
<p>This exactly like <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except that any image profiles present are also removed as they are of little importance to small image thumbnails.</p>
3976
4407
3977
<div style="margin: auto;">
3978
<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
3979
</div>
3980
3981
<p>tile image when filling a graphic primitive.</p>
3982
3983
<div style="margin: auto;">
3984
<h4>-tile <em class="option">geometry</em></h4>
3985
</div>
3986
3987
<p>layout of images [<em class="option">montage</em>].</p>
4408
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
4409
4410
<div style="margin: auto;">
4411
<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
4412
</div>
4413
4414
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4415
4416
<div style="margin: auto;">
4417
<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
4418
</div>
4419
4420
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
4421
4422
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
3988
4423
3989
4424
<div style="margin: auto;">
3990
4425
<h4>-tile</h4>
3991
4426
</div>
3992
4427
3993
<p>repeat composite operation across and down image [<em class="option">composite</em>].</p>
4428
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
3994
4429
3995
4430
<div style="margin: auto;">
3996
<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset <em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option"> y</em></h4>
4431
<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
3997
4432
</div>
3998
4433
3999
<p>specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it will be tiled on.</p>
4434
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it will be tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4000
4435
4001
<p>This should be set before the tiling image is defined using <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for create a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN</kbd> input formats. </p>
4436
<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
4002
4437
4003
4438
<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
4004
4439
4005
4440
<div style="margin: auto;">
4006
<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="option">value</em></h4>
4441
<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
4007
4442
</div>
4008
4443
4009
<p>tint the image with the fill color.</p>
4444
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4445
4446
<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
4010
4447
4011
4448
<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
4012
4449
4013
4450
<div style="margin: auto;">
4014
<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="option">string</em></h4>
4451
<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
4015
4452
</div>
4016
4453
4017
<p>assign title to displayed image [<em class="option">animate, display, montage</em>].</p>
4454
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
4018
4455
4019
4456
<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
4020
4457
4021
4458
<p>For example,</p>
4022
4459
4023
<pre class="text">
4460
<p class="crtsnip">
4024
4461
-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
4025
</pre>
4462
</p>
4026
4463
4027
4464
<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
4028
4465
4031
4468
<h4><a name="transform" id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
4032
4469
</div>
4033
4470
4034
<p>transform the image.</p>
4471
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4035
4472
4036
4473
<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
4037
4474
4038
<pre class="text">
4039
convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg
4040
</pre>
4041
4042
4475
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
4043
4476
<div style="margin: auto;">
4044
<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="option">color</em></h4>
4477
<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
4045
4478
</div>
4046
4479
4047
<p>make this color transparent within the image.</p>
4480
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4048
4481
4049
<p>The <em class="option">color</em> argument is defined using the format
4482
<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
4050
4483
described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
4051
4484
>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
4052
4485
given. </p>
4055
4488
href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color same as
4056
4489
the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting. </p>
4057
4490
4058
<p>This does not define the 'transparency color' used for colormapped image
4491
<p>This does not define the 'transparency color' used for color-mapped image
4059
4492
formats, such as GIF. For that use <a href="#transparent-color"
4060
4493
>-transparent-color</a> </p>
4061
4494
4064
4497
4065
4498
4066
4499
<div style="margin: auto;">
4067
<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="option">color</em></h4>
4500
<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
4068
4501
</div>
4069
4502
4070
<p>The transparent color. Sometimes used for saving to image formats such as
4503
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4504
4505
<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
4071
4506
GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
4072
does not make a color transparent, just defined what color the transparent
4073
color will be in the color pallette of the saved image. Use <a
4507
does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
4508
color will be in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
4074
4509
href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
4075
4510
4076
<p>This option allows you to have both a opaque visible color, as well as a
4077
transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is you can
4511
<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
4512
transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
4078
4513
use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
4079
image. This in turn frees to you to select a transparenct color that is
4080
appropriate when a image is displayed by application that does not handle a
4514
image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
4515
appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
4081
4516
transparent color index, while allowing IM to correctly handle images of this
4082
4517
type. </p>
4083
4518
4084
4085
<div style="margin: auto;">
4086
<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="option">value</em></h4>
4087
</div>
4088
4089
<p>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
4519
<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
4520
4521
<div style="margin: auto;">
4522
<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
4523
</div>
4524
4525
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4526
4527
<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
4528
</p>
4529
4530
<div style="margin: auto;">
4531
<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
4532
</div>
4533
4534
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivelent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4535
4536
4537
<div style="margin: auto;">
4538
<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
4539
</div>
4540
4541
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4090
4542
4091
4543
<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
4092
4544
4095
4547
<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
4096
4548
4097
4549
<div style="margin: auto;">
4098
<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
4099
</div>
4100
4101
<p>Mirror the image along the images top-left to bottom-right diagonal (i.e. mathematically transpose the pixel array). Equivelent to the operations <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.</p>
4102
4103
4104
<div style="margin: auto;">
4105
<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
4106
</div>
4107
4108
<p>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivelent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</p>
4109
4110
4111
<div style="margin: auto;">
4112
4550
<h4><a name="trim" id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
4113
4551
</div>
4114
4552
4115
<p>trim an image.</p>
4553
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4116
4554
4117
4555
<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
4118
4556
4127
4565
4128
4566
4129
4567
<div style="margin: auto;">
4130
<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="option">type</em></h4>
4568
<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
4131
4569
</div>
4132
4570
4133
<p>the image type.</p> <p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
4571
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4572
<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
4134
4573
4135
4574
<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
4136
4575
4137
<pre class="text">
4138
convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg
4139
</pre>
4140
4576
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
4141
4577
<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
4142
4578
4143
4579
<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
4144
4580
4145
4581
<div style="margin: auto;">
4146
<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="option">color</em></h4>
4582
<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
4147
4583
</div>
4148
4584
4149
<p>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</p>
4585
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4150
4586
4151
4587
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
4152
4588
4154
4590
4155
4591
4156
4592
<div style="margin: auto;">
4157
<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="option">seconds</em></h4>
4593
<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
4158
4594
</div>
4159
4595
4160
<p>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</p>
4596
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4161
4597
4162
4598
<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automatically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
4163
4599
4166
4602
<h4><a name="unique-colors" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
4167
4603
</div>
4168
4604
4169
<p>discard all but one of any pixel color.</p>
4605
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4170
4606
4171
4607
4172
4608
<div style="margin: auto;">
4173
<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="option">type</em></h4>
4609
<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
4174
4610
</div>
4175
4611
4176
<p>the units of image resolution.</p>
4612
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4177
4613
4178
4614
<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
4179
4615
4180
4616
4181
4617
<div style="margin: auto;">
4182
<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="option">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="option">radius</em>x<em class="option">sigma</em>{<em class="option">+amount</em>}{<em class="option">+threshold</em>}</h4>
4618
<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
4183
4619
</div>
4184
4620
4185
<p>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</p>
4621
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4186
4622
4187
4623
<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
4188
4624
4194
4630
sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
4195
4631
amount: The percentage of the difference between the original and the blur
4196
4632
image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
4197
threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of QuantumRange, needed to apply the
4633
threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
4198
4634
difference amount (default 0.05).
4199
4635
</pre>
4200
4636
4203
4639
<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
4204
4640
</div>
4205
4641
4206
<p>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</p>
4642
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4207
4643
4208
4644
4209
4645
<div style="margin: auto;">
4210
4646
<h4><a name="version" id="version"></a>-version</h4>
4211
4647
</div>
4212
4648
4213
<p>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</p>
4214
4215
4216
<div style="margin: auto;">
4217
<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="option">string</em></h4>
4218
</div>
4219
4220
<p>FlashPix viewing parameters.</p>
4221
4222
4223
<div style="margin: auto;">
4224
<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="option">radius</em>{x<em class="option">sigma</em>}{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">x</em>{<em class="option">+-</em>}<em class="option">y</em>{<em class="option">%</em>}</h4>
4225
</div>
4226
4227
<p>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</p>
4228
4229
4230
<div style="margin: auto;">
4231
<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="option">method</em></h4>
4232
</div>
4233
4234
<p>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</p>
4649
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4650
4651
4652
<div style="margin: auto;">
4653
<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
4654
</div>
4655
4656
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4657
4658
4659
<div style="margin: auto;">
4660
<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
4661
</div>
4662
4663
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4664
4665
4666
<div style="margin: auto;">
4667
<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
4668
</div>
4669
4670
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4235
4671
4236
4672
<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
4237
4673
lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
4241
4677
<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
4242
4678
4243
4679
<pre class="text">
4244
background: the area surrounding the image is the background color.
4245
black: the area surrounding the image is black
4246
dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
4247
edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity.
4248
gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
4249
horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
4250
mirror: mirror tile the image.
4251
random: choose a random pixel from the image.
4252
tile: tile the image (default).
4253
transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness.
4254
vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
4255
white: the area surrounding the image is white
4680
background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
4681
black: the area surrounding the image is black
4682
checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
4683
dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
4684
edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
4685
gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
4686
horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
4687
horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
4688
mirror: mirror tile the image
4689
random: choose a random pixel from the image
4690
tile: tile the image (default)
4691
transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
4692
vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
4693
vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
4694
white: the area surrounding the image is white
4256
4695
</pre>
4257
4696
4697
<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
4698
4258
4699
<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
4259
4700
>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
4260
4701
However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
4265
4706
4266
4707
4267
4708
<div style="margin: auto;">
4268
<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="option">type</em></h4>
4709
<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
4269
4710
</div>
4270
4711
4271
<p>animate images using this X visual type.</p>
4712
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
4272
4713
4273
4714
<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
4274
4715
4287
4728
4288
4729
4289
4730
<div style="margin: auto;">
4290
<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em class="option">brightness</em></h4>
4291
</div>
4292
4293
<p>Watermark an image using the given percentage brightness.</p>
4294
4295
<div style="margin: auto;">
4296
<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="option">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="option">amplitude</em>x<em class="option">wavelength</em></h4>
4297
</div>
4298
4299
<p>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</p>
4300
4301
<p>Specify <em class="option">amplitude</em> and <em class="option">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
4302
4303
<div style="margin: auto;">
4304
<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="option">x,y</em></h4>
4305
</div>
4306
4307
<p>chromaticity white point.</p>
4308
4309
<div style="margin: auto;">
4310
<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="option">threshold</em></h4>
4311
</div>
4312
4313
<p>force all pixels at or above the threshold into white while leaving all pixels below the threshold unchanged.</p>
4314
4315
<div style="margin: auto;">
4316
<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="option">id</em></h4>
4317
</div>
4318
4319
<p>make image the background of a window.</p>
4320
4321
<p><em class="option">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
4731
<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em class="arg">brightness</em></h4>
4732
</div>
4733
4734
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentage brightness.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4735
4736
<div style="margin: auto;">
4737
<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
4738
</div>
4739
4740
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4741
4742
<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
4743
4744
<div style="margin: auto;">
4745
<h4><a name="weight" id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
4746
</div>
4747
4748
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4749
4750
<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
4751
4752
<table class="doc">
4753
<col width="25%" />
4754
<col width="75%" />
4755
<thead>
4756
<tr>
4757
<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
4758
<th>Description</th>
4759
</tr>
4760
</thead>
4761
<tbody>
4762
<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
4763
<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
4764
<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
4765
<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
4766
<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
4767
</tbody>
4768
</table>
4769
4770
<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
4771
4772
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
4773
4774
<div style="margin: auto;">
4775
<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
4776
</div>
4777
4778
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4779
4780
<div style="margin: auto;">
4781
<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
4782
</div>
4783
4784
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels at or above the threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
4785
4786
<div style="margin: auto;">
4787
<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
4788
</div>
4789
4790
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
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<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
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<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
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<h4><a name="window-group" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
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</div>
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<p>specify the window group.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<div style="margin: auto;">
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<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="option">filename</em></h4>
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<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
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</div>
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<p>write an image sequence.</p> <p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="option">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="option">filename</em> option.</p>
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<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
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<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
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<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
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</td>
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<td id="margin" width="1%" height="100%" valign="top" align="right"> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
4346
<div id="linkbar">
4347
<span id="linkbar-west">
4348
<font size="-1">
4349
</font>
4350
</span>
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</div>
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<div id="linkbar">
4817
<!-- <span id="linkbar-west"> </span> -->
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<span id="linkbar-center">
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<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/" target="784643613">Discourse Server</a> •
4819
<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
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<a href="../www/mailing-list.html">Mailing Lists</a> •
4354
<a href="http://cafe.imagemagick.org" target="1994904840">Cafe</a> •
4355
<a href="http://studio.webbyland.com/ImageMagick/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi" target="547587416">Studio</a>
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</span>
4357
<span id="linkbar-east">
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<font size="-1">
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</font>
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</span>
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<a href="http://cafe.imagemagick.org">Cafe</a> •
4822
<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
4823
</span>
4824
<span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
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</div>
4362
<div id="footer">
4363
<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2008 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
4826
<div class="footer">
4827
<span id="footer-west">© 1999-2009 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>
4828
<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
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</div>
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<div style="clear: both; margin: 0; width: 100%; "></div>
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</body>
Loggerhead is a web-based interface for Breezy
Version: 2.0.1