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# template script for generating ubuntu container for LXC
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# This script consolidates and extends the existing lxc ubuntu scripts
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# XXX todo: add -lvm option
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# Copyright � 2011 Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
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# Copyright � 2010 Wilhelm Meier
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# Author: Wilhelm Meier <wilhelm.meier@fh-kl.de>
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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if [ -r /etc/default/lxc ]; then
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# configure the network using the dhcp
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/network/interfaces
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iface lo inet loopback
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# so you can 'ssh $hostname.' or 'ssh $hostname.local'
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if [ -f $rootfs/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf ]; then
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sed -i "s/<hostname>/$hostname/" $rootfs/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf
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elif [ -f $rootfs/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf ]; then
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sed -i "s/<hostname>/$hostname/" $rootfs/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/hostname
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost $hostname
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# suppress log level output for udev
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sed -i "s/=\"err\"/=0/" $rootfs/etc/udev/udev.conf
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# remove jobs for consoles 5 and 6 since we only create 4 consoles in
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rm -f $rootfs/etc/init/tty{5,6}.conf
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echo "Please change root-password !"
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echo "root:root" | chroot $rootfs chpasswd
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if [ $release = "lucid" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,dhcp3-client,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg
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elif [ $release = "maverick" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,dhcp3-client,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase
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elif [ $release = "natty" ]; then
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,isc-dhcp-client,isc-dhcp-common,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase
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packages=dialog,apt,apt-utils,resolvconf,iproute,inetutils-ping,vim,isc-dhcp-client,isc-dhcp-common,ssh,lsb-release,gnupg,netbase,ubuntu-keyring
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echo "installing packages: $packages"
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# check the mini ubuntu was not already downloaded
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mkdir -p "$cache/partial-$arch"
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echo "Failed to create '$cache/partial-$arch' directory"
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# download a mini ubuntu into a cache
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echo "Downloading ubuntu $release minimal ..."
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debootstrap --verbose --variant=minbase --components=main,universe --arch=$arch --include=$packages $release $cache/partial-$arch $MIRROR
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to download the rootfs, aborting."
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mv "$1/partial-$arch" "$1/rootfs-$arch"
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echo "Download complete."
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# make a local copy of the miniubuntu
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echo -n "Copying rootfs to $rootfs ..."
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cp -a $cache/rootfs-$arch $rootfs || return 1
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cache="/var/cache/lxc/$release"
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mkdir -p /var/lock/subsys/
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Cache repository is busy."
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echo "Checking cache download in $cache/rootfs-$arch ... "
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if [ ! -e "$cache/rootfs-$arch" ]; then
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download_ubuntu $cache $arch $release
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to download 'ubuntu $release base'"
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echo "Copy $cache/rootfs-$arch to $rootfs ... "
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copy_ubuntu $cache $arch $rootfs
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to copy rootfs"
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) 200>/var/lock/subsys/lxc
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if [ $arch = "i386" ]; then
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cat <<EOF >> $path/config
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lxc.mount = $path/fstab
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lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm
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#lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm
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#lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm
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lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:229 rwm
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cat <<EOF > $path/fstab
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proc $rootfs/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
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sysfs $rootfs/sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "Failed to add configuration"
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# provide the lxc service
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/lxc.conf
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# fake some events needed for correct startup other services
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description "Container Upstart"
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rm -rf /var/run/*.pid
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rm -rf /var/run/network/*
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/sbin/initctl emit stopped JOB=udevtrigger --no-wait
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/sbin/initctl emit started JOB=udev --no-wait
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# fix buggus runlevel with sshd
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/ssh.conf
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# ssh - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
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# The OpenSSH server provides secure shell access to the system.
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description "OpenSSH server"
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stop on runlevel [!2345]
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# replaces SSHD_OOM_ADJUST in /etc/default/ssh
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test -x /usr/sbin/sshd || { stop; exit 0; }
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test -e /etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run && { stop; exit 0; }
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test -c /dev/null || { stop; exit 0; }
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mkdir -p -m0755 /var/run/sshd
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# if you used to set SSHD_OPTS in /etc/default/ssh, you can change the
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# 'exec' line here instead
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/etc/init/console.conf
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# This service maintains a console on tty1 from the point the system is
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# started until it is shut down again.
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start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
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stop on runlevel [!2345]
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exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 /dev/console
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cat <<EOF > $rootfs/lib/init/fstab
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# /lib/init/fstab: cleared out for bare-bones lxc
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# reconfigure some services
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if [ -z "$LANG" ]; then
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chroot $rootfs locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
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chroot $rootfs update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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chroot $rootfs locale-gen $LANG
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chroot $rootfs update-locale LANG=$LANG
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# remove pointless services in a container
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chroot $rootfs /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f ondemand remove
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls u*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls tty[2-9].conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls plymouth*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls hwclock*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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chroot $rootfs /bin/bash -c 'cd /etc/init; for f in $(ls module*.conf); do mv $f $f.orig; done'
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# if this isn't lucid, then we need to twiddle the network upstart bits :(
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if [ $release != "lucid" ]; then
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sed -i 's/^.*emission handled.*$/echo Emitting lo/' $rootfs/etc/network/if-up.d/upstart
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if [ $trim_container -eq 1 ]; then
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trim $rootfs $release
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# for lucid and maverick, if not trimming, then add the ubuntu-virt
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# ppa and install lxcguest
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if [ $release = "lucid" -o $release = "maverick" ]; then
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chroot $rootfs apt-get install --force-yes -y python-software-properties
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chroot $rootfs add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-virt/ppa
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chroot $rootfs apt-get update
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chroot $rootfs apt-get install --force-yes -y lxcguest
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# bind-mount the user's path into the container's /home
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h=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f 6`
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echo "$h $rootfs/$h none bind 0 0" >> $path/fstab
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# copy /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group entries into container
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pwd=`getent passwd $user`
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo 'Warning: failed to copy password entry for $user'
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echo $pwd >> $rootfs/etc/passwd
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shad=`getent shadow $user`
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echo $shad >> $rootfs/etc/shadow
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cache="/var/cache/lxc/$release"
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if [ ! -e $cache ]; then
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# lock, so we won't purge while someone is creating a repository
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echo "Cache repository is busy."
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echo -n "Purging the download cache..."
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rm --preserve-root --one-file-system -rf $cache && echo "Done." || exit 1
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) 200>/var/lock/subsys/lxc
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$1 -h|--help -p|--path=<path> --clean [-a|--arch] [-b|--bindhome <user>] [--trim] [-r|--release]
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release: lucid | maverick | natty | oneiric
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trim: make a minimal (faster, but not upgrade-safe) container
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bindhome: bind <user>'s home into the container
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arch: amd64 or i386: defaults to host arch
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options=$(getopt -o a:b:hp:r:xn:c -l arch:,bindhome:,help,path:,release:,trim,name:,clean -- "$@")
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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eval set -- "$options"
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if [ -f /etc/lsb-release ]; then
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case "$DISTRIB_CODENAME" in
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lucid|maverick|natty|oneiric)
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release=$DISTRIB_CODENAME
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# Code taken from debootstrap
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if [ -x /usr/bin/dpkg ] && /usr/bin/dpkg --print-architecture >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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arch=`/usr/bin/dpkg --print-architecture`
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elif type udpkg >/dev/null 2>&1 && udpkg --print-architecture >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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arch=`/usr/bin/udpkg --print-architecture`
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if [ "$arch" = "i686" ]; then
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elif [ "$arch" = "x86_64" ]; then
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elif [ "$arch" = "armv7l" ]; then
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-h|--help) usage $0 && exit 0;;
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-p|--path) path=$2; shift 2;;
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-n|--name) name=$2; shift 2;;
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-c|--clean) clean=$2; shift 2;;
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-r|--release) release=$2; shift 2;;
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-b|--bindhome) bindhome=$2; shift 2;;
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-a|--arch) arch=$2; shift 2;;
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-x|--trim) trim_container=1; shift 1;;
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--) shift 1; break ;;
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if [ "$arch" == "i686" ]; then
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if [ ! -z "$clean" -a -z "$path" ]; then
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if [ $hostarch = "i386" -a $arch = "amd64" ]; then
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echo "can't create amd64 container on i386"
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "'debootstrap' command is missing"
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if [ -z "$path" ]; then
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echo "'path' parameter is required"
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if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
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echo "This script should be run as 'root'"
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install_ubuntu $rootfs $release
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed to install ubuntu $release"
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configure_ubuntu $rootfs $name
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed to configure ubuntu $release for a container"
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copy_configuration $path $rootfs $name $arch
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "failed write configuration file"
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post_process $rootfs $release $trim_container
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if [ ! -z $bindhome ]; then
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do_bindhome $rootfs $bindhome
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if [ ! -z $clean ]; then
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clean $release || exit 1