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This package contains a set of PostScript Type 1 fonts called "Latin
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Modern", or "lm fonts". They are based on the PostScript Type 1 version
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of the Computer Modern fonts and contain many additional characters.
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This package makes the Latin Modern fonts available to:
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- the TeX typesetting system (TeX, LaTeX, pdfTeX, pdfLaTeX, xdvi,
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- defoma (this is a generic framework available in Debian whose
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purpose is to help the packages that use fonts find the fonts
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installed by the packages that provide fonts. defoma-registered
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fonts are also classified by family, weight, etc. so that defoma can
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perform font substitution whenever it is necessary); Fontconfig and
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Ghostscript are two noteworthy applications that take advantage of
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defoma-registered fonts in Debian;
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- the X Window System directly[1], for use by any X application.
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However, you should be aware that XFree86's native rendering of
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PostScript Type 1 fonts is not very satisfactory at the moment. The
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results are much more pleasant with a font rendering engine that can
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perform anti-aliasing (such as FreeType).
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How to use the Latin Modern fonts with defoma-aware applications?
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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You have nothing particular to do. This package already did the job.
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How to use the Latin Modern fonts with X11?
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-------------------------------------------
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Once this package is properly installed on your system, the fonts are
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available to X. However, if your X session was started before the
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package was installed or upgraded, this session doesn't know about the
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just-installed fonts. In order for it to see the fonts, you can either
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run "xset fp rehash" as the user who started this X session (and of
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course with the DISPLAY environment variable appropriately set) or
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restart the X session.
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If this still doesn't work, perhaps your X font path does not contain
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/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 (or /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1, which
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should be equivalent since /usr/lib/X11 is usually a symbolic link to
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../X11R6/lib/X11). If this path is not present in your
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/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 (or /etc/X11/XF86Config, depending on which
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version of XFree86 you are using), you should really consider adding it.
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You can get your current X font path with "xset q". You can also find
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useful information in /var/log/XFree86.$NUM.log, where $NUM stands for
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the display number of the X session you are interested in.
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You can use xlsfonts to query the X server about the fonts it can see.
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If you want to view samples of the fonts at the same time, you should
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try xfontsel or a similar program such as gtkfontsel.
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For instance, you can list the Latin Modern fonts as seen by X with:
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xlsfonts -fn "-*-latin modern*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
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xset, xlsfonts and xfontsel are found in the xbase-clients Debian
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package. gtkfontsel is in the gtkfontsel package.
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How to use the Latin Modern fonts with LaTeX-based engines?
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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By LaTeX-based engine, I mean a program such as latex or pdflatex. This
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is very simple: just type \usepackage{lmodern} in the preamble of your
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documents. This will redefine \rmdefault, \sfdefault and \ttdefault so
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that the default Roman, Sans Serif and TeleType fonts are taken from the
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Don't forget to also include the fontenc and inputenc packages,
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otherwise you could still have font-related problems (however, these
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would not be directly related to Latin Modern).
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How to use the Latin Modern fonts with TeX?
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-------------------------------------------
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If you are using TeX directly, you should know that. ;-)
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You can find the name of the fonts as far as TeX sees them with the
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following command (this assumes lmodern is installed):
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dpkg -L lmodern | grep '\.tfm$' | sed 's@.*/\([^/]\{1,\}\)\.tfm$@\1@'
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Then, to use lmr10 for instance, you can do:
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\font\Myfont=cork-lmr10 {\Myfont Sample text in lmr10}
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The PFM files are not included
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------------------------------
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The upstream tarball of the Latin Modern fonts comes with PFM files
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(Printer Font Metrics). As they seem to be hardly ever used in the free
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software world, they are not included in this Debian package in order to
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save space. The package contains the AFM files (Adobe Font Metrics)
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however, which should be equivalent to the PFM files but are much more
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common in the free software world in my experience.
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If you have a reason to think that the PFM files should be included,
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If you have a /etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.bak file
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----------------------------------------------------
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If there is a /etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.bak file on your system, it
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means that either you created it yourself, or you installed an
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unofficial package of lmodern[2]. In the latter case, you can delete
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this file. The official (Debian) lmodern package does not use it nor
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I have removed the package. I did not purge it. I swear! Where is my
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much beloved hand-crafted /etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.cfg file???
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Relax, I didn't erase it. It was saved as
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/var/lib/lmodern/10lmodern.cfg.saved. I could not let it in
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/ because otherwise, it would have been found by
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update-updmap. I could not rename it to something visible under
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/ because it might be that all packages owning that
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directory get removed, causing an error because it would not be empty.
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Actually, the way the Debian teTeX packages currently handle the
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updmap.cfg customization makes it impossible to have
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.cfg be a conffile. So, it is a simple
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configuration file (which actually is not at all simpler than if it were
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a conffile). Yes, a configuration file is not necessarily a conffile. If
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you don't understand this, I suggest you read the relevant parts of
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Debian Policy (section 10.7 in debian-policy version 3.6.1.0).
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When you reinstall the package (supposing it has not been purged
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meanwhile), /var/lib/lmodern/10lmodern.cfg.saved will be renamed to
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.cfg, effectively restoring the
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configuration you had when you removed the package. If
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.cfg was not simply modified but actually
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deleted when the package got removed, the fact is also noted under
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/var/lib/lmodern/ and your change will be preserved when the package is
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Finally, when the package is purged, /var/lib/lmodern is erased and all
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configuration done to the package is lost. All this is normal Debian
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[1] By *in*directly, I mean, through defoma, Fontconfig and FreeType,
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[2] The unofficial lmodern package distributed by Michael Wiedmann on
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http://www.miwie.org/lm/ before the official package came into
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existence used to rename /etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.cfg to
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/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10lmodern.bak when removed.
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Florent Rougon <f.rougon@free.fr> March 7, 2004
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-- Florent Rougon <f.rougon@free.fr>, Sun Mar 7 20:46:37 2004