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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
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to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
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intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General
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Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's
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software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
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(Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the
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GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
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want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
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programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone
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to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These
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restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute
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copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis
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or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You
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must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And
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you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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distribute and/or modify the software.
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Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on,
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we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will
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individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
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proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must
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be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR
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COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
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0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
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notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under
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the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers
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to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
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means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either
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verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
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(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term
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"modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running
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the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is
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covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
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(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether
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that is true depends on what the Program does.
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1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
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conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
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that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give
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any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
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of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
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part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
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parties under the terms of this License.
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c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
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when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
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notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
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warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
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these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
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License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does
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not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
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the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and
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can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on
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the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this
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License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
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whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your
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rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the
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right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
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Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
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volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
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work under the scope of this License.
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3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
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under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
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a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding
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machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under
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the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily
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used for software interchange; or,
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b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
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years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost
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of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
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distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
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medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
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allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
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received the program in object code or executable form with
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such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
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The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
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code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
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associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
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compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special
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exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is
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normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
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components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
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which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to
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copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy
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the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source
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code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source
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along with the object code.
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4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
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except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise
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to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
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automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
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who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not
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have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
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5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
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prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
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Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all
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its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
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Program or works based on it.
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6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
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Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
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licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms
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and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
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recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible
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for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
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7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute
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so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and
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any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
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distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not
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permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
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receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
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could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from
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distribution of the Program.
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If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply
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and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents
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or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims;
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this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free
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software distribution system, which is implemented by public license
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practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide
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range of software distributed through that system in reliance on
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consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to
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decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other
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system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be
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a consequence of the rest of this License.
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8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
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countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
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copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an
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explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so
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that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
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excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
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written in the body of this License.
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9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
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versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
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versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
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detail to address new problems or concerns.
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
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later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
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either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
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Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number
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of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
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10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
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to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
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Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
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sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
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two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
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software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
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11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF
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CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM,
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TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
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WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
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HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE
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PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
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PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD
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THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE
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COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
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12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW
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OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT
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HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
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AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED
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ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING
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ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
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CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
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INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
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INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
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PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
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WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
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OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS