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- Committer: Package Import Robot
- Author(s): Dmitrijs Ledkovs
- Date: 2013-08-21 20:52:52 UTC
- mfrom: (5.1.5 sid)
- Revision ID: package-import@ubuntu.com-20130821205252-n4p1m7q3or02ge3w
Tags: 4.0+dfsg-6ubuntu1
* Merge from Debian, remaining changes:
- Build-depend on libtiff-dev rather than libtiff4-dev.
- Build-depend on libglew-dev rather than libglew1.5-dev | libglew1.4-dev
| libglew-dev.
- Use default inlining parameters for the build.
- Build using -O1 on armel.
- Build-depend on libtiff-dev rather than libtiff4-dev.
- Build-depend on libglew-dev rather than libglew1.5-dev | libglew1.4-dev
| libglew-dev.
- Use default inlining parameters for the build.
- Build using -O1 on armel.
- files added:
- .pc/15_texi_ids.diff
- .pc/15_texi_ids.diff/doc
- .pc/16_hardcodeurl.diff
- .pc/16_hardcodeurl.diff/doc
- .pc/17_fixinclude.diff
- .pc/17_fixinclude.diff/doc
- .pc/18_disablemacros.diff
- .pc/18_disablemacros.diff/doc
- .pc/19_classictimes.diff
- .pc/19_classictimes.diff/doc
- .pc/20_semilog.diff
- .pc/20_semilog.diff/doc
- .pc/21_inline_foo.diff
- .pc/21_inline_foo.diff/doc
- .pc/22_fixpdfbuild.diff
- .pc/22_fixpdfbuild.diff/doc
- .pc/23_perl5.18.diff
- .pc/23_perl5.18.diff/src
- files modified:
- .pc/applied-patches
added
removed
.pc/15_texi_ids.diff/doc/enblend.texi
1
\input auxmac
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\input texinfo
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@c
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@c Header
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@c
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename enblend.info
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@settitle Combining Multiple Images with Enblend @value{VERSION}
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@include auxmac.texi
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@include versenblend.texi
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@include varsenblend.texi
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@include config-h.texi
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@set default-image-cache-cachesize 1024@dmn{MB}
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@set default-image-cache-blocksize 2048@dmn{KB}
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@c Define a new index for syntactic comments.
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@defcodeindex sc
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@c Define a new index for options.
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@defcodeindex op
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@c %**end of header
25
26
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@c
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@c Categorization for the GNU Info System
29
@c
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@dircategory Individual utilities
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@direntry
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* enblend: (enblend). Blend images using a multiresolution spline.
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@end direntry
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@c
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@c Summary Description and Copyright
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@c
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@copying
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This manual is for Enblend (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}),
44
a tool for compositing images in such a way that the seam between the
45
images is invisible, or at least very difficult to see.
46
47
Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2009 @sc{Andrew Mihal}.
48
49
@quotation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
51
under the terms of the @acronym{GNU} Free Documentation License,
52
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
53
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and no
54
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
55
entitled ``@acronym{GNU} Free Documentation License''.
56
@end quotation
57
@end copying
58
59
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@c
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@c Title Page and Copyright
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@c
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@titlepage
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@title Enblend
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@subtitle Combining Multiple Images
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@subtitle with Enblend version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
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@author Andrew Mihal
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1fill
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@c @ifnothtml
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@c @summarycontents
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@c @end ifnothtml
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@contents
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@c For the TeX output the List-of-Tables and List-of-Figures appear
84
@c right after the Table-of-Contents. In all other formats they go
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@c right before the indices.
86
@iftex
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@c Adjust page number so that we get roman numerals for the
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@c List-of-Tables and List-of-Figures. This screws up Texinfo's page
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@c count so that we must undo it later.
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@tex
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\global\pageno=-4
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@end tex
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@unnumbered List of Tables
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@listoffloats Table
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97
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@unnumbered List of Figures
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@listoffloats Figure
100
@end iftex
101
102
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@c
104
@c ``Top'' Node and Master Menu
105
@c
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107
@ifnottex
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@node Top
109
@top Enblend
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111
This manual is for Enblend (version@tie{}@value{VERSION},
112
@value{UPDATED}), a tool for compositing images in such a way that the
113
seam between the images is invisible, or at least very difficult to
114
see.
115
@end ifnottex
116
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@menu
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* Overview:: Overview of Enblend's features
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* Workflow:: Enblend's role in making panoramas
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* Invocation:: Command line options and arguments
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* Understanding Masks:: How to interpret masks and mask files
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* Tuning Memory Usage:: Balancing @acronym{RAM} and swap
123
* Helpful Programs:: Useful other programs
124
* Bug Reports:: How to write bug reports
125
* Authors:: Major Contributors
126
* FDL:: @acronym{GNU} Free Documentation License
127
* Program Index:: Names of programs referenced
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* Syntactic-Comment Index:: Keys of syntactic comments
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* Option Index:: Index of all options
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* General Index:: Topic index
131
@end menu
132
133
134
@c
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@c Document Body
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@c
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@node Overview
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@chapter Overview
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@c Undo the roman page numbering we used for the Table-of-Contents,
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@c the List-of-Tables, and the List-of-Figures.
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@tex
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\global\pageno=1
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@end tex
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@cindex overview
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@cindex Burt-Adelson multiresolution spline
150
Enblend overlays multiple @acronym{TIFF} images using the
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@sc{Burt}-@sc{Adelson} multiresolution spline
152
algorithm.@footnote{@sc{Peter J. Burt} and @sc{Edward H. Adelson}, ``A
153
Multiresolution Spline With Application to Image Mosaics'',
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@acronym{ACM} Transactions on Graphics, @abbr{Vol@.} 2, @abbr{No@.} 4,
155
October 1983, pages 217--236.} This technique tries to make the seams
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between the input images invisible. The basic idea is that image
157
features should be blended across a transition zone proportional in
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size to the spatial frequency of the features. For example, objects
159
like trees and windowpanes have rapid changes in color. By blending
160
these features in a narrow zone, you will not be able to see the seam
161
because the eye already expects to see color changes at the edge of
162
these features. Clouds and sky are the opposite. These features have
163
to be blended across a wide transition zone because any sudden change
164
in color will be immediately noticeable.
165
166
@cindex alpha channel
167
@cindex channel, alpha
168
Enblend expects each input file to have an alpha channel. The alpha
169
channel should indicate the region of the file that has valid image
170
data. Enblend compares the alpha regions in the input files to find
171
the areas where images overlap. Alpha channels can be used to
172
indicate to Enblend that certain portions of an input image should not
173
contribute to the final image.
174
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@pindex hugin
176
@pindex PanoTools
177
@cindex feathering, detrimental effect of
178
Enblend does @emph{not} align images. Use a tool such as
179
@command{hugin} or PanoTools to do this. The
180
@acronym{TIFF}@tie{}files produced by these programs are exactly what
181
Enblend is designed to work with. Sometimes these @acronym{GUI}s
182
allow you to select feathering for the edges of your images. This
183
treatment is detrimental to Enblend. Turn off feathering by
184
deselecting it or setting the feather width to zero.
185
186
Enblend blends the images in the order they are specified on the
187
command line. You should order your images according to the way that
188
they overlap, for example from left-to-right across the panorama. If
189
you are making a multi-row panorama, we recommend blending each
190
horizontal row individually, and then running Enblend a last time to
191
blend all of the rows together vertically.
192
193
@cindex multi-layer image
194
@cindex image, multi-layer
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@cindex multi-directory @acronym{TIFF}
196
@cindex @acronym{TIFF}, multi-directory
197
@cindex @command{tiffcopy}
198
@cindex @command{tiffsplit}
199
Enblend reads all layers of multi-layer images, like, for example,
200
multi-directory @acronym{TIFF} images@footnote{Use utilities like,
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e.g., @command{tiffcopy} and @command{tiffsplit} of LibTIFF to
202
manipulate multi-directory @acronym{TIFF} images. @xref{Helpful
203
Programs}.}. The input images are processed in the order they appear
204
on the command line. Multi-layer images are processed from the first
205
layer to the last before Enblend considers the next image on the
206
command line.
207
208
@cindex SourceForge
209
Find out more about Enblend on its @uref{http://@/sourceforge.net/,
210
SourceForge} @uref{http://@/enblend.sourceforge.net/, web page}.
211
212
213
@node Workflow
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@chapter Workflow
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@cindex workflow
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217
@include workflow.texi
218
219
220
@node Invocation
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@chapter Invocation
222
@cindex invocation
223
224
@command{enblend} [@var{OPTIONS}] [@code{--output=}@var{IMAGE}]
225
@var{INPUT}@enddots{}
226
227
@noindent
228
Assemble the sequence of images @var{INPUT}@dots{} into a single
229
@var{IMAGE}.
230
231
@cindex literal filename
232
@cindex filename, literal
233
@cindex response file
234
Input images are either specified literally or via so-called response
235
files (see below). The latter are an alternative to specifying image
236
filenames on the command line.
237
238
239
@menu
240
* Response Files:: Files listing the images' names
241
* Common Options:: General options
242
* Extended Options:: Memory and @acronym{GPU} control
243
* Mask Generation Options:: Mask generation control
244
@end menu
245
246
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@node Response Files
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@section Response Files
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@cindex response file
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251
@include filespec.texi
252
253
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@node Common Options
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@section Common Options
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@cindex options, common
257
258
Common options control some overall features of Enblend.
259
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@table @code
261
@item -a
262
@opindex -a
263
Pre-assemble non-overlapping images before each blending iteration.
264
265
This overrides the default behavior which is to blend the images
266
sequentially in the order given on the command line. Enblend will use
267
fewer blending iterations, but it will do more work in each iteration.
268
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@item --compression=@var{COMPRESSION}
270
@opindex --compression
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@cindex output file compression
272
@cindex compression
273
Write a compressed output file.
274
275
Depending on the output file format Enblend accepts different values
276
for @var{COMPRESSION}.
277
278
@table @asis
279
@item @acronym{JPEG}
280
@cindex @acronym{JPEG} compression
281
@cindex compression, @acronym{JPEG}
282
@var{COMPRESSION} is a @acronym{JPEG} quality level ranging from
283
0--100.
284
285
@item @acronym{TIFF}
286
@var{COMPRESSION} is one of the keywords:
287
288
@table @samp
289
@item NONE
290
Do not compress. This is the default.
291
292
@item DEFLATE
293
@cindex deflate compression
294
@cindex compression, deflate
295
Use the @sc{Deflate} compression scheme also called
296
@acronym{ZIP}-in-@acronym{TIFF}. @sc{Deflate} is a lossless data
297
compression algorithm that uses a combination of the @acronym{LZ77}
298
algorithm and @sc{Huffman} coding.
299
300
@item LZW
301
@cindex @acronym{LZW} compression
302
@cindex compression, @acronym{LZW}
303
Use @sc{Lempel}-@sc{Ziv}-@sc{Welch} (@acronym{LZW}) adaptive
304
compression scheme. @acronym{LZW} compression is lossless.
305
306
@item PACKBITS
307
@cindex packbits compression
308
@cindex compression, packbits
309
Use @sc{PackBits} compression scheme. @sc{PackBits} is particular
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variant of run-length compression. It is lossless.
311
@end table
312
313
@item Any other format
314
Other formats do not accept a @var{COMPRESSION} setting.
315
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However, @uref{http://@/hci.iwr.uni-@/heidelberg.de/@/vigra/,
317
@acronym{VIGRA}} automatically compresses @file{png}-files with the
318
@sc{Deflate} method.
319
@end table
320
321
@item -h
322
@itemx --help
323
@opindex -h
324
@opindex --help
325
Print information on the available options and exit.
326
327
@item -l @var{LEVELS}
328
@itemx --levels=@var{LEVELS}
329
@opindex -l
330
@opindex --levels
331
@cindex pyramid levels
332
@cindex levels, pyramid
333
Use at most this many @var{LEVELS} for pyramid @footnote{As
334
Dr.@tie{}Daniel Jackson correctly
335
@uref{http://stargate.wikia.com/@/wiki/@/The_@/Tomb, noted}, actually,
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it is not a pyramid: ``Ziggaurat, it's a
337
@uref{http://en.wikipedia.org/@/wiki/@/Ziggaurat, Ziggaurat}.''}
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blending if @var{LEVELS} is positive, or reduce the maximum number of
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levels used by @minus{}@var{LEVELS} if @var{LEVELS} is negative.
340
341
The number of levels used in a pyramid controls the balance between
342
local and global image features (contrast, saturation, @dots{}) in the
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blended region. Fewer levels emphasize local features and suppress
344
global ones. The more levels a pyramid has, the more global features
345
will be taken into account.
346
347
As a guideline, remember that each new level works on a linear scale
348
twice as large as the previous one. So, the zeroth layer, the
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original image, obviously defines the image at single-pixel scale, the
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first level works at two-pixel scale, and generally, the @math{n}-th
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level contains image data at @math{2^n}-pixel scale. This is the
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reason why an image of
353
@math{width}@classictimes{}@math{height}@tie{}pixels cannot be
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deconstructed into a pyramid of more than
355
@ifinfo
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@display
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@math{floor(log_2(min(width, height)))}
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@end display
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@end ifinfo
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@html
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mrow>
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<mo>⌊</mo>
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<mrow>
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<msub>
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<mo>log</mo>
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<mn>2</mo>
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</msub>
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<mo>⁡</mo>
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<mo>(</mo>
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<mrow>
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<mo>min</mo>
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<mo>⁡</mo>
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<mfenced>
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<mi mathvariant="italic">width</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="italic">height</mi>
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</mfenced>
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</mrow>
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<mo>)</mo>
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</mrow>
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<mo>⌋</mo>
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</mrow>
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</math>
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@end html
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@tex
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$$
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\lfloor \log_2(\min(\mathit{width}, \mathit{height})) \rfloor
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$$
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@end tex
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levels.
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If too few levels are used, ``halos'' around regions of strong local
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feature variation can show up. On the other hand, if too many levels
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are used, the image might contain too much global features. Usually,
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the latter is not a problem, but is highly desired. This is the
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reason, why the default is to use as many levels as is possible given
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the size of the overlap regions. Enblend may still use a smaller
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number of levels if the geometry of the overlap region demands.
399
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Positive values of @var{LEVELS} limit the maximum number of pyramid
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levels. Depending on the size and geometry of the overlap regions
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this may or may not influence any pyramid. Negative values of
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@var{LEVELS} reduce the number of pyramid levels below the maximum no
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matter what the actual maximum is and thus always influence all
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pyramids.
406
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The valid range of the absolute value of @var{LEVELS} is
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@value{src::minimum-pyramid-levels} to
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@value{src::maximum-pyramid-levels}.
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@item -o
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@itemx --output=@var{FILE}
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@opindex -o
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@opindex --output
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Place output in @var{FILE}.
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@cindex @file{@value{src::default-output-filename}}
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@cindex default output filename
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@cindex output filename, default
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If @option{--output} is not specified, the default is to put the
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resulting image in @file{@value{src::default-output-filename}}.
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@item -v
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@itemx --verbose[=@var{LEVEL}]
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@opindex -v
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@opindex --verbose
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Without an argument, increase the verbosity of progress reporting.
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Giving more @option{--verbose}@tie{}options will make Enblend more
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verbose. Directly set a verbosity level with a non-negative integral
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@var{LEVEL}.
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Each level includes all messages of the lower levels.
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@table @asis
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@item Level
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Messages
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@item 0
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only warnings and errors
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@item 1
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reading and writing of images
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@item 2
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mask generation, pyramid, and blending
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@item 3
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reading of response files, color conversions
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@item 4
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image sizes, bounding boxes and intersection sizes
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@item 5
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detailed information on the optimizer runs (Enblend only)
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@item 6
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estimations of required memory in selected processing steps
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@end table
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The default verbosity level of Enblend is
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@value{src::default-verbosity-level}.
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@item -V
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@itemx --version
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@opindex -V
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@opindex --version
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Output information on the Enblend version.
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Team this option with @option{--verbose} to inquire about
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configuration details, like the extra features that have been compiled
471
in.
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@item -w
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@itemx --wrap=@var{MODE}
475
@opindex -w
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@opindex --wrap
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@cindex 360@textdegree{} panoramas
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@cindex wrap around
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Blend around the boundaries of the panorama.
480
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With this option Enblend treats the panorama of width@tie{}@math{w}
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and height@tie{}@math{h} as an infinite data structure, where each
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pixel@tie{}@math{P(x, y)} of the input images represents the set of
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pixels@tie{}@math{S_P(x, y)}@footnote{Solid-state physicists will be
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reminded of the
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@uref{http://@/en.wikipedia.org/@/wiki/@/Born-@/von_@/Karman_@/boundary_@/condition,
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@sc{Born}-@sc{von@tie{}K@'arm@'an} boundary condition}.}.
488
489
@var{MODE} takes the following values:
490
491
@table @samp
492
@item none
493
@itemx open
494
This is a ``no-op''; it has the same effect as not giving
495
@option{--wrap} at all. The set of input images is considered open at
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its boundaries.
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@item horizontal
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Wrap around horizontally:
500
@ifinfo
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@display
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@math{S_P(x, y) = @{P(x + m * w, y): m in Z@}.}
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@end display
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@end ifinfo
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@html
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mrow>
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<msub>
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<mi>S</mi>
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<mi>P</mi>
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</msub>
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<mfenced>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
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</mfenced>
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mrow>
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<mo>{</mo>
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<mrow>
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<mi>P</mi>
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<mfenced>
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<mrow>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>+</mo>
525
<mi>m</mi>
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<mo>⁢</mo>
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<mi>w</mi>
528
</mrow>
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<mi>y</mi>
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</mfenced>
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</mrow>
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<mo>:</mo>
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<mrow>
534
<mi>m</mi>
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<mtext>  in  </mtext>
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<mi>Z</mi>
537
</mrow>
538
<mo>}</mo>
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</mrow>
540
<mtext>.</mtext>
541
</mrow>
542
</math>
543
@end html
544
@tex
545
$$
546
S_P(x, y) = \{P(x + m w, y): m \in Z\}.
547
$$
548
@end tex
549
This is useful for 360@textdegree{} horizontal panoramas as it
550
eliminates the left and right borders.
551
552
@item vertical
553
Wrap around vertically:
554
@ifinfo
555
@display
556
@math{S_P(x, y) = @{P(x, y + n * h): m in Z@}.}
557
@end display
558
@end ifinfo
559
@html
560
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
561
<mrow>
562
<msub>
563
<mi>S</mi>
564
<mi>P</mi>
565
</msub>
566
<mfenced>
567
<mi>x</mi>
568
<mi>y</mi>
569
</mfenced>
570
<mo>=</mo>
571
<mrow>
572
<mo>{</mo>
573
<mrow>
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<mi>P</mi>
575
<mfenced>
576
<mi>x</mi>
577
<mrow>
578
<mi>y</mi>
579
<mo>+</mo>
580
<mi>n</mi>
581
<mo>⁢</mo>
582
<mi>h</mi>
583
</mrow>
584
</mfenced>
585
</mrow>
586
<mo>:</mo>
587
<mrow>
588
<mi>n</mi>
589
<mtext>  in  </mtext>
590
<mi>Z</mi>
591
</mrow>
592
<mo>}</mo>
593
</mrow>
594
<mtext>.</mtext>
595
</mrow>
596
</math>
597
@end html
598
@tex
599
$$
600
S_P(x, y) = \{P(x, y + n h): n \in Z\}.
601
$$
602
@end tex
603
This is useful for 360@textdegree{} vertical panoramas as it
604
eliminates the top and bottom borders.
605
606
@item both
607
@itemx horizontal+vertical
608
@itemx vertical+horizontal
609
Wrap around both horizontally and vertically:
610
@ifinfo
611
@display
612
@math{S_P(x, y) = @{P(x + m * w, y + n * h): m, n in Z@}.}
613
@end display
614
@end ifinfo
615
@html
616
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
617
<mrow>
618
<msub>
619
<mi>S</mi>
620
<mi>P</mi>
621
</msub>
622
<mfenced>
623
<mi>x</mi>
624
<mi>y</mi>
625
</mfenced>
626
<mo>=</mo>
627
<mrow>
628
<mo>{</mo>
629
<mrow>
630
<mi>P</mi>
631
<mfenced>
632
<mrow>
633
<mi>x</mi>
634
<mo>+</mo>
635
<mi>m</mi>
636
<mo>⁢</mo>
637
<mi>w</mi>
638
</mrow>
639
<mrow>
640
<mi>y</mi>
641
<mo>+</mo>
642
<mi>n</mi>
643
<mo>⁢</mo>
644
<mi>h</mi>
645
</mrow>
646
</mfenced>
647
</mrow>
648
<mo>:</mo>
649
<mrow>
650
<mrow>
651
<mi>m</mi>
652
<mo>,</mo>
653
<mi>n</mi>
654
</mrow>
655
<mtext>  in  </mtext>
656
<mi>Z</mi>
657
</mrow>
658
<mo>}</mo>
659
</mrow>
660
<mtext>.</mtext>
661
</mrow>
662
</math>
663
@end html
664
@tex
665
$$
666
S_P(x, y) = \{P(x + m w, y + n h): m, n \in Z\}.
667
$$
668
@end tex
669
In this mode, both left and right borders, as well as top and bottom
670
borders, are eliminated.
671
@end table
672
673
Specifying @option{--wrap} without @var{MODE} selects horizontal
674
wrapping.
675
676
@item -x
677
@opindex -x
678
Checkpoint partial results to the output file after each blending
679
step.
680
@end table
681
682
683
@node Extended Options
684
@section Extended Options
685
@cindex options, extended
686
687
Extended options control the image cache, the color model, and the
688
cropping of the output image.
689
690
@table @code
691
@item -b @var{BLOCKSIZE}
692
@opindex -b
693
@cindex image cache, block size
694
Set the @var{BLOCKSIZE} in kilobytes (@acronym{KB}) of Enblend's image
695
cache.
696
697
This is the amount of data that Enblend will move to and from the disk
698
at one time. The default is @value{default-image-cache-blocksize},
699
which should be ok for most systems. See @ref{Tuning Memory Usage}
700
for details.
701
702
Note that Enblend must have been compiled with the image-cache feature
703
for this option to be effective. Find out about extra features with
704
@code{enblend --version --verbose}.
705
706
@item -c
707
@opindex -c
708
@cindex color appearance model
709
@cindex @acronym{CIECAM02}
710
Use the @acronym{CIECAM02} color appearance model for blending colors.
711
712
@cindex @acronym{ICC} profile
713
@cindex profile, @acronym{ICC}
714
@cindex @acronym{sRGB} color space
715
@cindex color space, @acronym{sRGB}
716
The input files should have embedded @acronym{ICC} profiles if this
717
option is specified. If no @acronym{ICC} profile is present, Enblend
718
will assume that the image uses the @acronym{sRGB} color space. The
719
difference between this option and Enblend's default color blending
720
algorithm is very slight and will only be noticeable when areas of
721
different primary colors are blended together.
722
723
@item -d
724
@itemx --depth=@var{DEPTH}
725
@opindex -d
726
@opindex --depth
727
@cindex bits per channel
728
@cindex channel width
729
Force the number of bits per channel and the numeric format of the
730
output image.
731
732
Enblend always uses a smart way to change the channel depth to assure
733
highest image quality (at the expense of memory), whether
734
requantization is implicit because of the output format or explicit
735
with option@tie{}@option{--depth}.
736
737
@itemize
738
@item
739
If the output-channel width is larger than the input-channel width of
740
the input images, the input images' channels are widened to the output
741
channel width immediately after loading, that is, as soon as possible.
742
Enblend then performs all blending operations at the output-channel
743
width, thereby preserving minute color details which can appear in the
744
blending areas.
745
746
@item
747
If the output-channel width is smaller than the input-channel width of
748
the input images, the output image's channels are narrowed only right
749
before it is written to disk, that is, as late as possible. Thus the
750
data benefits from the wider input channels for the longest time.
751
@end itemize
752
753
All @var{DEPTH} specifications are valid in lowercase as well as
754
uppercase letters. For integer format, use
755
756
@table @asis
757
@item @code{8}, @code{uint8}
758
Unsigned 8@dmn{bit}; range: 0..255
759
@item @code{int16}
760
Signed 16@dmn{bit}; range: @minus{}32768..32767
761
@item @code{16}, @code{uint16}
762
Unsigned 16@dmn{bit}; range: 0..65535
763
@item @code{int32}
764
Signed 32@dmn{bit}; range: @minus{}2147483648..2147483647
765
@item @code{32}, @code{uint32}
766
Unsigned 32@dmn{bit}; range: 0..4294967295
767
@end table
768
769
For floating-point format, use
770
771
@c Minimum positive normalized value: 2^(2 - 2^k)
772
@c Epsilon: 2^(1 - n)
773
@c Maximum finite value: (1 - 2^(-n)) * 2^(2^k)
774
775
@table @asis
776
@c IEEE single: 32 bits, n = 24, k = 32 - n - 1 = 7
777
@item @code{r32}, @code{real32}, @code{float}
778
@cindex @acronym{IEEE754} single precision float
779
@cindex single precision float, @acronym{IEEE754}
780
@acronym{IEEE754} single precision floating-point, 32@dmn{bit} wide,
781
24@dmn{bit} significant
782
783
@itemize
784
@item
785
Minimum normalized value: @semilog{1.2, -38}
786
@item
787
Epsilon: @semilog{1.2, -7}
788
@item
789
Maximum finite value: @semilog{3.4, 38}
790
@end itemize
791
792
@c IEEE double: 64 bits, n = 53, k = 64 - n - 1 = 10
793
@item @code{r64}, @code{real64}, @code{double}
794
@cindex @acronym{IEEE754} double precision float
795
@cindex double precision float, @acronym{IEEE754}
796
@acronym{IEEE754} double precision floating-point, 64@dmn{bit} wide,
797
53@dmn{bit} significant
798
799
@itemize
800
@item
801
Minimum normalized value: @semilog{2.2, -308}
802
@item
803
Epsilon: @semilog{2.2, -16}
804
@item
805
Maximum finite value: @semilog{1.8, 308}
806
@end itemize
807
@end table
808
809
If the requested @var{DEPTH} is not supported by the output file
810
format, Enblend warns and chooses the @var{DEPTH} that matches best.
811
812
@cindex @acronym{OpenEXR}, data format
813
The @acronym{OpenEXR} data format is treated as
814
@acronym{IEEE754}@tie{}float internally. Externally, on disk,
815
@acronym{OpenEXR} data is represented by ``half'' precision
816
floating-point numbers.
817
818
@c ILM half: 16 bits, n = 10, k = 16 - n - 1 = 5
819
@cindex @acronym{OpenEXR}, half precision float
820
@cindex half precision float, @acronym{OpenEXR}
821
@uref{http://@/www.openexr.com/@/about.html#@/features,
822
@acronym{OpenEXR}} half precision floating-point, 16@dmn{bit} wide,
823
10@dmn{bit} significant
824
825
@itemize
826
@item
827
Minimum normalized value: @semilog{9.3, -10}
828
@item
829
Epsilon: @semilog{2.0, -3}
830
@item
831
Maximum finite value: @semilog{4.3, 9}
832
@end itemize
833
834
@item -f @var{WIDTH}x@var{HEIGHT}
835
@itemx -f @var{WIDTH}x@var{HEIGHT}+x@var{XOFFSET}+y@var{YOFFSET}
836
@opindex -f
837
@cindex output image, set size of
838
Set the size of the output image manually to
839
@var{WIDTH}@classictimes{}@var{HEIGHT}. Optionally specify the
840
@var{X-OFFSET} and @var{Y-OFFSET}, too.
841
842
@pindex nona @r{(Hugin)}
843
@pindex hugin
844
This option is useful when the input images are cropped @acronym{TIFF}
845
files, such as those produced by @command{nona}. The stitcher
846
@command{nona} is part of Hugin. @xref{Helpful Programs}.
847
848
@item -g
849
@opindex -g
850
@cindex alpha channel, associated
851
Save alpha channel as ``associated''. See the
852
@uref{http://@/www.awaresystems.be/@/imaging/@/tiff/@/tifftags/@/extrasamples.html,
853
@acronym{TIFF} documentation} for an explanation.
854
855
@pindex gimp
856
@pindex cinepaint
857
Gimp (before version@tie{}2.0) and Cinepaint (@pxref{Helpful
858
Programs}) exhibit unusual behavior when loading images with
859
unassociated alpha channels. Use option @option{-g} to work around
860
this problem. With this flag Enblend creates the output image with
861
the associated alpha tag set, even though the image is really
862
unassociated alpha.
863
864
@item --gpu
865
@opindex --gpu
866
@cindex graphics processing unit
867
@cindex @acronym{GPU} (Graphics Processing Unit)
868
Use the graphics card -- in fact the graphics processing unit
869
(@acronym{GPU}) -- to accelerate some computations.
870
871
This is an experimental feature that may not work on all systems. In
872
this version of Enblend, @value{VERSION}, only mask optimization
873
strategy@tie{}1 benefits from this option.
874
875
Note that @acronym{GPU}-support must have been compiled into Enblend
876
for this option to be available. Find out about this feature with
877
@code{enblend --version --verbose}.
878
879
@item -m @var{CACHESIZE}
880
@opindex -m
881
@cindex image cache, cache size
882
Set the @var{CACHESIZE} in megabytes (@acronym{MB}) of Enblend's image
883
cache.
884
885
This is the amount of memory Enblend will use for storing image data
886
before swapping to disk. The default is
887
@value{default-image-cache-cachesize} which is good for systems with
888
3--4@dmn{gigabytes} (@acronym{GB}) of @acronym{RAM}. See @ref{Tuning
889
Memory Usage} for details.
890
891
Note that Enblend must have been compiled with the image-cache feature
892
for this option to be effective. Find out about extra features with
893
@code{enblend --version --verbose}.
894
@end table
895
896
897
@node Mask Generation Options
898
@section Mask Generation Options
899
@cindex options, mask generation
900
901
These options control the generation and the usage of masks.
902
903
@table @code
904
@item --anneal=@var{TAU}[:@var{DELTA-E-MAX}[:@var{DELTA-E-MIN}[:@var{K-MAX}]]]
905
@opindex --anneal
906
@cindex optimize, anneal parameters
907
@cindex anneal parameters
908
@cindex simulated annealing optimizer
909
@cindex optimizer, simulated annealing
910
Set the parameters of the Simulated Annealing optimizer used in
911
Optimizer Strategy@tie{}1 (see @ref{Table:optimizer-strategies}).
912
913
@table @var
914
@item TAU
915
@var{TAU} is the temperature reduction factor in the Simulated
916
Annealing; it also can be thought of as ``cooling factor''. The
917
closer @var{TAU} is to one, the more accurate the annealing run will
918
be, and the longer it will take.
919
920
Append a percent sign (@samp{%}) to specify @var{TAU} as a percentage.
921
922
Valid range:
923
@ifinfo
924
@value{src::minimum-anneal-tau} < @var{TAU} <
925
@value{src::maximum-anneal-tau}.
926
@end ifinfo
927
@html
928
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
929
<mrow>
930
<mn>@value{src::minimum-anneal-tau}</mn>
931
<mo><</mo>
932
<mi mathvariant="italic">TAU</mi>
933
<mo><</mo>
934
<mn>@value{src::maximum-anneal-tau}</mn>
935
<mtext>.</mtext>
936
</mrow>
937
</math>
938
@end html
939
@tex
940
$@value{src::minimum-anneal-tau} < \mathit{TAU} <
941
@value{src::maximum-anneal-tau}$.
942
@end tex
943
944
The default is @value{src::default-anneal-tau}; values around 0.95 are
945
reasonable. Usually, slower cooling results in more converged points.
946
947
@item DELTA-E-MAX
948
@itemx DELTA-E-MIN
949
@var{DELTA-E-MAX} and @var{DELTA-E-MIN} are the maximum and minimum
950
cost change possible by any single annealing move.
951
952
Valid range:
953
@ifinfo
954
@value{src::minimum-anneal-deltae-min} < DELTA-E-MIN < DELTA-E-MAX.
955
@end ifinfo
956
@html
957
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
958
<mrow>
959
<mn>@value{src::minimum-anneal-deltae-min}</mn>
960
<mo><</mo>
961
<mi mathvariant="italic">DELTA-E-MIN</mi>
962
<mo><</mo>
963
<mi mathvariant="italic">DELTA-E-MAX</mi>
964
<mtext>.</mtext>
965
</mrow>
966
</math>
967
@end html
968
@tex
969
$@value{src::minimum-anneal-deltae-min} < \mathit{DELTA-E-MIN} <
970
\mathit{DELTA-E-MAX}$.
971
@end tex
972
973
In particular they determine the initial and final annealing
974
temperatures according to:
975
@ifinfo
976
@display
977
DELTA-E-MAX
978
T_initial = ------------------------
979
log(K-MAX / (K-MAX - 2))
980
981
DELTA-E-MIN
982
T_final = ------------------------
983
log(K-MAX^2 - K-MAX - 1)
984
@end display
985
@end ifinfo
986
@html
987
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
988
<mtable>
989
<mtr>
990
<mtd>
991
<mrow>
992
<msub>
993
<mi mathvariant="italic">T</mi>
994
<mi mathvariant="roman">initial</mi>
995
</msub>
996
<mo>=</mo>
997
<mfrac>
998
<mi mathvariant="italic">DELTA-E-MAX</mi>
999
<mrow>
1000
<mo>log</mo>
1001
<mo>⁡</mo>
1002
<mo>(</mo>
1003
<mrow>
1004
<mi mathvariant="italic">K-MAX</mi>
1005
<mo>/</mo>
1006
<mo>(<mo>
1007
<mrow>
1008
<mi mathvariant="italic">K-MAX</mi>
1009
<mo>-</mo>
1010
<mn>2</mn>
1011
</mrow>
1012
<mo>)<mo>
1013
</mrow>
1014
<mo>)</mo>
1015
</mrow>
1016
</mfrac>
1017
</mrow>
1018
</mtd>
1019
</mtr>
1020
1021
<mtr>
1022
<mtd>
1023
<mrow>
1024
<msub>
1025
<mi mathvariant="italic">T</mi>
1026
<mi mathvariant="roman">final</mi>
1027
</msub>
1028
<mo>=</mo>
1029
<mfrac>
1030
<mi mathvariant="italic">DELTA-E-MIN</mi>
1031
<mrow>
1032
<mo>log</mo>
1033
<mo>⁡</mo>
1034
<mo>(</mo>
1035
<mrow>
1036
<msup>
1037
<mi mathvariant="italic">K-MAX</mi>
1038
<mn>2</mn>
1039
</msup>
1040
<mo>-</mo>
1041
<mi mathvariant="italic">K-MAX</mi>
1042
<mo>-</mo>
1043
<mn>1</mn>
1044
</mrow>
1045
<mo>)</mo>
1046
</mrow>
1047
</mfrac>
1048
</mrow>
1049
</mtd>
1050
</mtr>
1051
</mtable>
1052
</math>
1053
@end html
1054
@tex
1055
$$\eqalign{
1056
T_{\mathrm{initial}} & =
1057
{\mathit{DELTA-E-MAX} \over {\log(\mathit{K-MAX} / (\mathit{K-MAX} - 2))}} \cr
1058
T_{\mathrm{final}} & =
1059
{\mathit{DELTA-E-MIN} \over {\log(\mathit{K-MAX\/}^2 - \mathit{K-MAX} - 1)}} \cr
1060
}$$
1061
@end tex
1062
1063
The defaults are: @var{DELTA-E-MAX}:
1064
@value{src::default-anneal-deltae-max} and @var{DELTA-E-MIN}:
1065
@value{src::default-anneal-deltae-min}.
1066
1067
@item K-MAX
1068
@var{K-MAX} is the maximum number of ``moves'' the optimizer will make
1069
for each line segment. Higher values more accurately sample the state
1070
space, at the expense of a higher computation cost.
1071
1072
Valid range:
1073
@ifinfo
1074
@var{K-MAX} @geq{} @value{src::minimum-anneal-kmax}.
1075
@end ifinfo
1076
@html
1077
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
1078
<mrow>
1079
<mi mathvariant="italic">K-MAX</mi>
1080
<mo>≥</mo>
1081
<mn></mn>
1082
<mtext>@value{src::minimum-anneal-kmax}.</mtext>
1083
</mrow>
1084
</math>
1085
@end html
1086
@tex
1087
$\mathit{K-MAX} \ge @value{src::minimum-anneal-kmax}$.
1088
@end tex
1089
1090
The default is @value{src::default-anneal-kmax}. Values around 100
1091
seem reasonable.
1092
@end table
1093
1094
@item --coarse-mask[=@var{FACTOR}]
1095
@opindex --coarse-mask
1096
@cindex mask, coarse
1097
@cindex coarse mask
1098
Use a scaled-down version of the input images to create the seam line.
1099
This option reduces the number of computations necessary to compute
1100
the seam line and the amount of memory necessary to do so. It is the
1101
default.
1102
1103
If omitted @var{FACTOR} defaults to
1104
@value{src::default-coarseness-factor}, this means,
1105
option@tie{}@option{--coarse-mask} shrinks the overlapping
1106
@emph{areas} by a factor of
1107
@math{@value{src::default-coarseness-factor} @classictimes{}
1108
@value{src::default-coarseness-factor}}. With
1109
@var{FACTOR}@tie{}=@tie{}8 the total memory allocated during a run of
1110
Enblend shrinks approximately by 80% and the maximum amount of memory
1111
in use at a time is decreased to 60% (Enblend compiled with image
1112
cache) or 40% (Enblend compiled without image cache).
1113
1114
Valid range: @var{FACTOR} = 1, 2, 3,@dots{}.
1115
1116
Also see @ref{Table:mask-generation}.
1117
1118
@float Table,Table:mask-generation
1119
@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.35 0.35
1120
@headitem @tab @code{--no-optimize} @tab @code{--optimize}
1121
1122
@item @code{--fine-mask}
1123
@c no opt
1124
@tab
1125
Use @acronym{NFT} mask.
1126
1127
@c opt
1128
@tab
1129
Vectorize @acronym{NFT} mask, optimize vertices with simulated
1130
annealing and @sc{Dijkstra's} shortest path algorithm, fill vector
1131
contours.
1132
1133
@item @code{--coarse-mask}
1134
@c no opt
1135
@tab
1136
Scale down overlap region, compute @acronym{NFT} mask and vectorize
1137
it, fill vector contours.
1138
1139
@c opt
1140
@tab
1141
Scale down overlap region, vectorize @acronym{NFT} mask, optimize
1142
vertices with simulated annealing and @sc{Dijkstra's} shortest path
1143
algorithm, fill vector contours.
1144
@end multitable
1145
1146
@caption{Various options that control the generation of masks. All
1147
mask computations are based on the Nearest-Feature Transformation
1148
(@acronym{NFT}) of the overlap region.}
1149
1150
@shortcaption{Mask generation options}
1151
1152
@cindex nearest-feature transform (@acronym{NFT})
1153
@cindex mask, generation
1154
@end float
1155
1156
@item --dijkstra=@var{RADIUS}
1157
@opindex --dijkstra
1158
@cindex @sc{Dijkstra} radius
1159
@cindex radius, @sc{Dijkstra}
1160
Set the search @var{RADIUS} of the @sc{Dijkstra} Shortest Path
1161
algorithm used in Optimizer Strategy@tie{}2 (see
1162
@ref{Table:optimizer-strategies}).
1163
1164
A small value prefers straight line segments and thus shorter seam
1165
lines. Larger values instruct the optimizer to let the seam line take
1166
more detours when searching for the best seam line.
1167
1168
Valid range:
1169
@ifinfo
1170
@var{RADIUS} @geq{} @value{src::minimum-dijkstra-radius}.
1171
@end ifinfo
1172
@html
1173
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
1174
<mrow>
1175
<mi mathvariant="italic">RADIUS</mi>
1176
<mo>≥</mo>
1177
<mn>@value{src::minimum-dijkstra-radius}</mn>
1178
<mtext>.</mtext>
1179
</mrow>
1180
</math>
1181
@end html
1182
@tex
1183
$\mathit{RADIUS} \ge @value{src::minimum-dijkstra-radius}$.
1184
@end tex
1185
1186
Default: @value{src::default-dijkstra-radius}@dmn{pixels}.
1187
1188
@item --fine-mask
1189
@opindex --fine-mask
1190
@cindex mask, fine
1191
@cindex fine mask
1192
Instruct Enblend to employ the full-size images to create the seam
1193
line, which can be slow. Use this option, for example, if you have
1194
very narrow overlap regions.
1195
1196
Also see @ref{Table:mask-generation}.
1197
1198
@item --load-masks[=@var{IMAGE-TEMPLATE}]
1199
@opindex --load-masks
1200
@cindex mask, load
1201
@cindex load mask
1202
Instead of generating masks, use those in @var{IMAGE-TEMPLATE}. The
1203
default is @file{@value{src::default-mask-template}}.
1204
1205
See @option{--save-masks} below for details.
1206
1207
@item --mask-vectorize=@var{DISTANCE}
1208
@opindex --mask-vectorize
1209
@cindex mask, vectorization distance
1210
Set the mask vectorization @var{DISTANCE} Enblend uses to partition
1211
each seam. Thus, break down the seam to segments of length
1212
@var{DISTANCE} each.
1213
1214
If Enblend uses a coarse mask (@option{--coarse-mask}) or Enblend
1215
optimizes (@option{--optimize}) a mask it vectorizes the initial seam
1216
line before performing further operations. See
1217
@ref{Table:mask-generation} for the precise conditions.
1218
@var{DISTANCE} tells Enblend how long to make each of the line
1219
segments called vectors here.
1220
1221
The unit of @var{DISTANCE} is pixels unless it is a percentage as
1222
explained in the next paragraph. In fine masks one mask pixel
1223
corresponds to one pixel in the input image, whereas in coarse masks
1224
one pixel represents for example
1225
@value{src::default-coarseness-factor}@dmn{pixels} in the input image.
1226
1227
Append a percentage sign (@samp{%}) to @var{DISTANCE} to specify the
1228
segment length as a fraction of the diagonal of the rectangle
1229
including the overlap region. Relative measures do not depend on
1230
coarse or fine masks, they are recomputed for each mask. Values
1231
around 5%--10% are a good starting point.
1232
1233
This option massively influences the mask generation process! Large
1234
@var{DISTANCE} values lead to shorter, straighter, less wiggly, less
1235
baroque seams that are on the other hand less optimal, because they
1236
run through regions of larger image mismatch instead of avoiding them.
1237
Small @var{DISTANCE} values give the optimizers more possibilities to
1238
run the seam around high mismatch areas.
1239
1240
@cindex seam line, loops
1241
@cindex loops in seam line
1242
What should @emph{never} happen though, are loops in the seam line.
1243
Counter loops with higher weights of @var{DISTANCE-WEIGHT} (in
1244
option@tie{}@option{--optimizer-weights}), larger vectorization
1245
@var{DISTANCE}s, @var{TAU}s (in option@tie{}@option{--anneal}) that
1246
are closer to one, and blurring of the difference image with
1247
option@tie{}@option{--smooth-difference}. Use
1248
option@tie{}@option{--visualize} to check the results.
1249
1250
Valid range:
1251
@ifinfo
1252
@var{DISTANCE} @geq{} @value{src::minimum-vectorize-distance}.
1253
@end ifinfo
1254
@html
1255
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
1256
<mrow>
1257
<mi mathvariant="italic">DISTANCE</mi>
1258
<mo>≥</mo>
1259
<mn>4</mn>
1260
<mtext>.</mtext>
1261
</mrow>
1262
</math>
1263
@end html
1264
@tex
1265
$\mathit{DISTANCE} \ge @value{src::minimum-vectorize-distance}$.
1266
@end tex
1267
Enblend limits @var{DISTANCE} so that it never gets below
1268
@value{src::minimum-vectorize-distance} even if it has been given as a
1269
percentage. The user will be warned in such cases.
1270
1271
Default: @value{src::coarse-mask-vectorize-distance}@dmn{pixels} for
1272
coarse masks and @value{src::fine-mask-vectorize-distance}@dmn{pixels}
1273
for fine masks.
1274
1275
@item --no-optimize
1276
@opindex --no-optimize
1277
@cindex optimize seam
1278
@cindex seam optimization
1279
Turn off seam line optimization. Combined with
1280
option@tie{}@option{--fine-mask} this will produce the same type of
1281
mask as Enblend version@tie{}2.5, namely the result of a
1282
@cindex nearest-feature transform (@acronym{NFT})
1283
Nearest-Feature Transform (@acronym{NFT}).@footnote{@sc{Muhammad
1284
H. Alsuwaiyel} and @sc{Marina Gavrilova}, ``On the Distance Transform
1285
of Binary Images'', Proceedings of the International Conference on
1286
Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology, June 2000, @abbr{Vols@.} I
1287
and II, pages 83--86.}
1288
1289
Also see @ref{Table:mask-generation}.
1290
1291
@item --optimize
1292
@opindex --optimize
1293
@cindex optimize seam
1294
@cindex seam optimization
1295
Use a two-strategy approach to route the seam line around mismatches
1296
in the overlap region. This is the default.
1297
@ref{Table:optimizer-strategies} explains these strategies; also see
1298
@ref{Table:mask-generation}.
1299
1300
@float Table,Table:optimizer-strategies
1301
@cindex optimize strategy
1302
1303
@table @asis
1304
@item Stragegy 1: Simulated Annealing
1305
Tune with option@tie{}@code{--anneal} = @var{TAU} : @var{DELTA-E-MAX}
1306
: @var{DELTA-E-MIN} : @var{K-MAX}.
1307
1308
@uref{http://@/en.wikipedia.org/@/wiki/@/Simulated_@/annealing,
1309
Simulated-Annealing}
1310
1311
1312
@item Stragegy 2: @sc{Dijkstra} Shortest Path
1313
Tune with option@tie{}@code{--dijkstra} = @var{RADIUS}.
1314
1315
@uref{http://@/en.wikipedia.org/@/wiki/@/Dijkstra_@/algorithm,
1316
@sc{Dijkstra} algorithm}
1317
1318
@end table
1319
@caption{Enblend's two strategies to optimize the seam lines between
1320
images.}
1321
1322
@shortcaption{Optimizer strategies}
1323
@end float
1324
1325
@item --optimizer-weights=@var{DISTANCE-WEIGHT}[:@var{MISMATCH-WEIGHT}]
1326
@opindex --optimizer-weights
1327
@cindex optimizer weights
1328
@cindex weights, optimizer
1329
@cindex seam optimization
1330
1331
Set the weights of the seam-line optimizer. If omitted,
1332
@var{MISMATCH-WEIGHT} defaults to 1.
1333
1334
The seam-line optimizer considers two qualities of the seam line:
1335
1336
@itemize
1337
@item
1338
The distance of the seam line from its initial position, which has
1339
been determined by @acronym{NFT} (see
1340
option@tie{}@option{--no-optimize}).
1341
1342
@item
1343
The total ``mismatch'' accumulated along it.
1344
@end itemize
1345
1346
The optimizer weights@tie{}@var{DISTANCE-WEIGHT} and
1347
@var{MISMATCH-WEIGHT} define how to weight these two criteria.
1348
Enblend up to version@tie{}3.2 used 1:1. This version of Enblend
1349
(@value{VERSION}) uses
1350
@value{src::default-optimizer-weight-distance}:@value{src::default-optimizer-weight-mismatch}.
1351
1352
A large @var{DISTANCE-WEIGHT} pulls the optimized seam line closer to
1353
the initial postion. A large @var{MISMATCH-WEIGHT} makes the seam
1354
line go on detours to find a path along which the mismatch between the
1355
images is small. If the optimized seam line shows cusps or loops (see
1356
option@tie{}@option{--visualize}), reduce @var{MISMATCH-WEIGHT} or
1357
increase @var{DISTANCE-WEIGHT}.
1358
1359
Both weights must be non-negative. They cannot be both zero at the
1360
same time. Otherwise, their absolute values are not important as
1361
Enblend normalizes their sum.
1362
1363
@item --save-masks[=@var{IMAGE-TEMPLATE}]
1364
@opindex --save-masks
1365
@cindex mask, save
1366
@cindex save mask
1367
Save the generated masks to @var{IMAGE-TEMPLATE}. The default is
1368
@file{@value{src::default-mask-template}}. Enblend saves masks as
1369
8@dmn{bit} grayscale (single channel) images. For accuracy we
1370
recommend to choose a lossless format.
1371
1372
Use this option if you wish to edit the location of the seam line by
1373
hand. This will give you images of the right sizes that you can edit
1374
to make your changes. Later, use @option{--load-masks} to blend the
1375
project with your custom seam lines.
1376
1377
@var{IMAGE-TEMPLATE} defines a template that is expanded for each
1378
input file. In a template a percent sign (@samp{%}) introduces a
1379
variable part. All other characters are copied literally. Lowercase
1380
letters refer to the name of the respective input file, whereas
1381
uppercase ones refer to the name of the output file (@pxref{Common
1382
Options}). @ref{Table:mask-template-characters} lists all variables.
1383
1384
A fancy mask filename template could look like this:
1385
1386
@example
1387
%D/mask-%02n-%f.tif
1388
@end example
1389
1390
It puts the mask files into the same directory as the output file
1391
(@samp{%D}), generates a two-digit index (@samp{%02n}) to keep the
1392
mask files nicely sorted, and decorates the mask filename with the
1393
name of the associated input file (@samp{%f}) for easy recognition.
1394
1395
@item --smooth-difference=@var{RADIUS}
1396
@opindex --smooth-difference
1397
@cindex smooth difference image
1398
@cindex blur difference image
1399
Smooth the difference image prior to seam-line optimization to get a
1400
shorter and -- on the length scale of @var{RADIUS} -- also a
1401
straighter seam-line. The default is not to smooth.
1402
1403
If @var{RADIUS} is larger than zero Enblend blurs the difference
1404
images of the overlap regions with a @sc{Gaussian} filter having a
1405
radius of @var{RADIUS}@dmn{pixels}. Values of 0.5 to 1.5@dmn{pixels}
1406
for @var{RADIUS} are good starting points; use
1407
option@tie{}@option{--visualize} to directly judge the effect.
1408
1409
When using this option in conjunction with
1410
@tie{}@option{--coarse-mask}=@var{FACTOR}, keep in mind that the
1411
smoothing occurs @emph{after} the overlap regions have been shrunken.
1412
Thus, blurring affects a @var{FACTOR}@classictimes{}@var{FACTOR} times
1413
larger area in the original images.
1414
1415
Valid range:
1416
@ifinfo
1417
@value{src::minimum-smooth-difference} @leq{} @var{RADIUS}.
1418
@end ifinfo
1419
@html
1420
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
1421
<mrow>
1422
<mn>@value{src::minimum-smooth-difference}</mn>
1423
<mo>≤</mo>
1424
<mi mathvariant="italic">RADIUS</mi>
1425
<mtext>.</mtext>
1426
</mrow>
1427
</math>
1428
@end html
1429
@tex
1430
$@value{src::minimum-smooth-difference} \le \mathit{RADIUS}$.
1431
@end tex
1432
1433
@item --visualize[=@var{VISUALIZE-TEMPLATE}]
1434
@opindex --visualize
1435
@cindex mask, optimization visualization
1436
@cindex visualization of mask optimization
1437
Create an image according to @var{VISUALIZE-TEMPLATE} that visualizes
1438
the mask optimization process. The default is
1439
@file{@value{src::default-visualize-template}}.
1440
1441
The image shows Enblend's view of the overlap region and how it
1442
decided to route the seam line. If you are experiencing artifacts or
1443
unexpected output, it may be useful to include this visualization
1444
image in your bug report. @xref{Bug Reports}.
1445
1446
@var{VISUALIZE-TEMPLATE} defines a template that is expanded for each
1447
input file. In a template, a percent sign (@samp{%}) introduces a
1448
variable part; all other characters are copied literally. Lowercase
1449
letters refer to the name of the respective input file, whereas
1450
uppercase ones refer to the name of the output file (@pxref{Common
1451
Options}). @ref{Table:mask-template-characters} lists all variables.
1452
1453
@noindent
1454
@strong{Visualization Image}
1455
@cindex visualization image
1456
@cindex image, visualization
1457
@need 150
1458
The visualization image shows the symmetric difference of the pixels
1459
in the rectangular region where two images overlap. The larger the
1460
difference the lighter shade of gray it appears in the visualization
1461
image. Enblend paints the non-overlapping parts of the image pair --
1462
these are the regions where @emph{no} blending occurs -- in
1463
@value{src::visualize-no-overlap-value-color}.
1464
@ref{Table:visualization-colors} shows the meanings of all the colors
1465
that are used in seam-line visualization images.
1466
1467
@float Table,Table:visualization-colors
1468
@table @asis
1469
@item @value{src::visualize-no-overlap-value-color}
1470
Non-overlapping parts of image pair.
1471
1472
@item various shades of gray
1473
Difference of the pixel values in the overlap region.
1474
1475
@item @value{src::visualize-state-space-color}
1476
Location of an optimizer sample.
1477
1478
@item @value{src::visualize-first-vertex-value-color}
1479
First sample of a line segment.
1480
1481
@item @value{src::visualize-next-vertex-value-color}
1482
Any other but first sample of a line segment.
1483
1484
@item @value{src::visualize-state-space-inside-color}
1485
@cindex @sc{Dijkstra} radius
1486
@cindex radius, @sc{Dijkstra}
1487
State space sample inside the @sc{Dijkstra} radius.
1488
1489
@item @value{src::visualize-state-space-unconverged-color}
1490
Non-converged point.
1491
1492
@item @value{src::visualize-initial-path-color}
1493
@cindex nearest-feature transform (@acronym{NFT})
1494
Initial seam line as generated by the @acronym{NFT}.
1495
1496
@cindex frozen seam-line endpoint
1497
@cindex seam-line endpoint, frozen
1498
Enblend marks a non-movable (``frozen'') endpoint of a seam-line
1499
segment with a @value{src::visualize-frozen-point}
1500
@value{src::mark-frozen-point}, whereas it uses a
1501
@value{src::visualize-movable-point} @value{src::mark-movable-point}
1502
to denote an endpoint that the optimizer may move around.
1503
1504
@item @value{src::visualize-short-path-value-color}
1505
Final seam line.
1506
@end table
1507
1508
@shortcaption{Visualization colors}
1509
@caption{Colors used in seam-line visualization images.}
1510
1511
@cindex visualization image colors
1512
@cindex image colors, visualization
1513
@cindex colors, visualization image
1514
@end float
1515
@end table
1516
1517
@page
1518
1519
@include mask-template-characters.texi
1520
1521
1522
@node Understanding Masks
1523
@chapter Understanding Masks
1524
@cindex understanding masks
1525
@cindex masks, understanding
1526
1527
@include understanding-masks.texi
1528
1529
1530
@node Tuning Memory Usage
1531
@chapter Tuning Memory Usage
1532
@cindex memory, tuning usage of
1533
@opindex -b
1534
@opindex -m
1535
1536
@include tuning-memory-usage.texi
1537
1538
1539
@node Helpful Programs
1540
@chapter Helpful Additional Programs
1541
@cindex helpful programs
1542
@cindex programs, helpful additional
1543
1544
@include helpful-programs.texi
1545
1546
1547
@node Bug Reports
1548
@appendix Bug Reports
1549
@cindex bug reports
1550
1551
@include bug-reports.texi
1552
1553
1554
@node Authors
1555
@appendix Authors
1556
@cindex authors, list of
1557
1558
@include authors.texi
1559
1560
1561
@node FDL
1562
@appendix @acronym{GNU} Free Documentation License
1563
@cindex free documentation license (@acronym{FDL})
1564
@cindex @acronym{GNU} free documentation license
1565
1566
@include fdl.texi
1567
1568
1569
@c
1570
@c End of Document
1571
@c
1572
1573
@node Program Index
1574
@unnumbered Program Index
1575
@cindex program index
1576
@cindex index, program
1577
1578
@printindex pg
1579
1580
1581
@node Syntactic-Comment Index
1582
@unnumbered Syntactic-Comment Index
1583
@cindex syntactic-comment index
1584
@cindex index, syntactic-comment
1585
1586
@printindex sc
1587
1588
1589
@node Option Index
1590
@unnumbered Option Index
1591
@cindex option index
1592
@cindex index, option
1593
1594
@printindex op
1595
1596
1597
@node General Index
1598
@unnumbered General Index
1599
@cindex general index
1600
@cindex index, general
1601
1602
@printindex cp
1603
1604
@bye
Loggerhead is a web-based interface for Breezy
Version: 2.0.1