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.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
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.\" The contents of this file constitute Original Code as defined in and
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.\" are subject to the Apple Public Source License Version 1.1 (the
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.\" "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the
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.\" License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
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.\" http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using this file.
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.\" This Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
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.\" distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
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.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
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.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. Please see the
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.\" License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
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.\" under the License.
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.Nd HFS file system consistency check
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utility verifies and repairs standard HFS and HFS+ file systems.
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quickly checks the specified file systems to determine whether
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they were cleanly unmounted.
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preens the specified file systems.
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It is normally started by
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during automatic reboot, when a HFS file system is detected.
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When preening file systems,
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will fix common inconsistencies for file systems that were not
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If more serious problems are found,
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does not try to fix them, indicates that it was not
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successful, and exits.
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checks the specified file systems and tries to repair all
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detected inconsistencies.
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If no options are specified
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will always check and attempt to fix the specified file systems.
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -hang -offset indent
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can result in better performance but can result in deadlock when
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option. Size can be specified as a decimal, octal, or
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hexadecimal number. If the number ends with a ``k'', ``m'',
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or ``g'', the number is multiplied by 1024 (1K), 1048576 (1M),
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or 1073741824 (1G), respectively.
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Display debugging information.
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This option may provide useful information when
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cannot repair a damaged file system.
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to check `clean' file systems, otherwise it means force
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to check and repair journaled HFS+ file systems.
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to generate it's output strings in GUI format.
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This option is used when another application with a graphical user interface
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(like Mac OS X Disk Utility) is envoking the
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Lock down the file system and perform a test-only check.
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This makes it possible to check a file system that is currently mounted,
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although no repairs can be made.
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Mode is an octal number that will be used to set the permissions for the
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lost+found directory when it is created.
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The lost+found directory is only created when a volume is repaired and orphaned
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files or directories are detected.
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places orphaned files and directories into the lost+found directory (located
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at the root of the volume).
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The default mode is 01777.
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Preen the specified file systems.
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to quickly check whether the volume was unmounted cleanly.
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If the volume was unmounted cleanly, then the exit status is 0.
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If the volume was not unmounted cleanly, then the exit status will be non-zero.
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In either case, a message is printed to standard output describing whether the
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volume was clean or dirty.
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Always attempt to repair any damage that is found.
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Never attempt to repair any damage that is found.
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Rebuild the catalog file on the specified file system.
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This option currently will only work if there is enough contiguous space on the
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specified file system for a new catalog file and if there is no damage
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to the leaf nodes in the existing catalog file.
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Because of inconsistencies between the block device and the buffer cache,
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the raw device should always be used.
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is not able to fix some inconsistencies that it detects.
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command appeared in Mac OS X Server 1.0 .