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* Live smooth streaming fragmenter
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* Copyright (c) 2012 Martin Storsjo
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* This file is part of Libav.
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* Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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* Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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* Lesser General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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#include "os_support.h"
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#include "libavutil/opt.h"
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#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
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#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
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#include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
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int64_t start_time, duration;
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int64_t start_pos, size;
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URLContext *out; // Current output stream where all output is written
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URLContext *out2; // Auxiliary output stream where all output is also written
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URLContext *tail_out; // The actual main output stream, if we're currently seeked back to write elsewhere
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int64_t tail_pos, cur_pos, cur_start_pos;
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const char *stream_type_tag;
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int nb_fragments, fragments_size, fragment_index;
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const AVClass *class; /* Class for private options. */
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int extra_window_size;
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int min_frag_duration;
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OutputStream *streams;
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int has_video, has_audio;
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} SmoothStreamingContext;
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static int ism_write(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
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OutputStream *os = opaque;
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ffurl_write(os->out, buf, buf_size);
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ffurl_write(os->out2, buf, buf_size);
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os->cur_pos += buf_size;
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if (os->cur_pos >= os->tail_pos)
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os->tail_pos = os->cur_pos;
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static int64_t ism_seek(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)
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OutputStream *os = opaque;
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if (whence != SEEK_SET)
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return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
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ffurl_close(os->out);
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ffurl_close(os->out2);
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os->out = os->tail_out;
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if (offset >= os->cur_start_pos) {
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ffurl_seek(os->out, offset - os->cur_start_pos, SEEK_SET);
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os->cur_pos = offset;
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for (i = os->nb_fragments - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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Fragment *frag = os->fragments[i];
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if (offset >= frag->start_pos && offset < frag->start_pos + frag->size) {
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AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
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os->tail_out = os->out;
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av_dict_set(&opts, "truncate", "0", 0);
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ret = ffurl_open(&os->out, frag->file, AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE, &os->ctx->interrupt_callback, &opts);
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os->out = os->tail_out;
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av_dict_set(&opts, "truncate", "0", 0);
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ffurl_open(&os->out2, frag->infofile, AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE, &os->ctx->interrupt_callback, &opts);
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ffurl_seek(os->out, offset - frag->start_pos, SEEK_SET);
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ffurl_seek(os->out2, offset - frag->start_pos, SEEK_SET);
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os->cur_pos = offset;
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static void get_private_data(OutputStream *os)
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AVCodecContext *codec = os->ctx->streams[0]->codec;
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uint8_t *ptr = codec->extradata;
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int size = codec->extradata_size;
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if (codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
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ff_avc_write_annexb_extradata(ptr, &ptr, &size);
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ptr = codec->extradata;
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os->private_str = av_mallocz(2*size + 1);
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for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
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snprintf(&os->private_str[2*i], 3, "%02x", ptr[i]);
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if (ptr != codec->extradata)
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static void ism_free(AVFormatContext *s)
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SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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ffurl_close(os->out);
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ffurl_close(os->out2);
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ffurl_close(os->tail_out);
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os->out = os->out2 = os->tail_out = NULL;
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if (os->ctx && os->ctx_inited)
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av_write_trailer(os->ctx);
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if (os->ctx && os->ctx->pb)
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av_free(os->ctx->pb);
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avformat_free_context(os->ctx);
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av_free(os->private_str);
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for (j = 0; j < os->nb_fragments; j++)
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av_free(os->fragments[j]);
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av_free(os->fragments);
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av_freep(&c->streams);
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static void output_chunk_list(OutputStream *os, AVIOContext *out, int final, int skip, int window_size)
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int removed = 0, i, start = 0;
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if (os->nb_fragments <= 0)
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if (os->fragments[0]->n > 0)
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start = FFMAX(os->nb_fragments - skip - window_size, 0);
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for (i = start; i < os->nb_fragments - skip; i++) {
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Fragment *frag = os->fragments[i];
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if (!final || removed)
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avio_printf(out, "<c t=\"%"PRIu64"\" d=\"%"PRIu64"\" />\n", frag->start_time, frag->duration);
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avio_printf(out, "<c n=\"%d\" d=\"%"PRIu64"\" />\n", frag->n, frag->duration);
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static int write_manifest(AVFormatContext *s, int final)
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SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
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int ret, i, video_chunks = 0, audio_chunks = 0, video_streams = 0, audio_streams = 0;
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int64_t duration = 0;
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snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/Manifest", s->filename);
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ret = avio_open2(&out, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &s->interrupt_callback, NULL);
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av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to open %s for writing\n", filename);
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avio_printf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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if (os->nb_fragments > 0) {
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Fragment *last = os->fragments[os->nb_fragments - 1];
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duration = last->start_time + last->duration;
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if (s->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
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video_chunks = os->nb_fragments;
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audio_chunks = os->nb_fragments;
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video_chunks = audio_chunks = 0;
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if (c->window_size) {
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video_chunks = FFMIN(video_chunks, c->window_size);
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audio_chunks = FFMIN(audio_chunks, c->window_size);
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avio_printf(out, "<SmoothStreamingMedia MajorVersion=\"2\" MinorVersion=\"0\" Duration=\"%"PRIu64"\"", duration);
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avio_printf(out, " IsLive=\"true\" LookAheadFragmentCount=\"%d\" DVRWindowLength=\"0\"", c->lookahead_count);
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avio_printf(out, ">\n");
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int last = -1, index = 0;
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avio_printf(out, "<StreamIndex Type=\"video\" QualityLevels=\"%d\" Chunks=\"%d\" Url=\"QualityLevels({bitrate})/Fragments(video={start time})\">\n", video_streams, video_chunks);
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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if (s->streams[i]->codec->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
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avio_printf(out, "<QualityLevel Index=\"%d\" Bitrate=\"%d\" FourCC=\"%s\" MaxWidth=\"%d\" MaxHeight=\"%d\" CodecPrivateData=\"%s\" />\n", index, s->streams[i]->codec->bit_rate, os->fourcc, s->streams[i]->codec->width, s->streams[i]->codec->height, os->private_str);
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output_chunk_list(&c->streams[last], out, final, c->lookahead_count, c->window_size);
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avio_printf(out, "</StreamIndex>\n");
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int last = -1, index = 0;
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avio_printf(out, "<StreamIndex Type=\"audio\" QualityLevels=\"%d\" Chunks=\"%d\" Url=\"QualityLevels({bitrate})/Fragments(audio={start time})\">\n", audio_streams, audio_chunks);
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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if (s->streams[i]->codec->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
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avio_printf(out, "<QualityLevel Index=\"%d\" Bitrate=\"%d\" FourCC=\"%s\" SamplingRate=\"%d\" Channels=\"%d\" BitsPerSample=\"16\" PacketSize=\"%d\" AudioTag=\"%d\" CodecPrivateData=\"%s\" />\n", index, s->streams[i]->codec->bit_rate, os->fourcc, s->streams[i]->codec->sample_rate, s->streams[i]->codec->channels, os->packet_size, os->audio_tag, os->private_str);
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output_chunk_list(&c->streams[last], out, final, c->lookahead_count, c->window_size);
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avio_printf(out, "</StreamIndex>\n");
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avio_printf(out, "</SmoothStreamingMedia>\n");
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static int ism_write_header(AVFormatContext *s)
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SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
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AVOutputFormat *oformat;
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mkdir(s->filename, 0777);
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oformat = av_guess_format("ismv", NULL, NULL);
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ret = AVERROR_MUXER_NOT_FOUND;
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c->streams = av_mallocz(sizeof(*c->streams) * s->nb_streams);
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ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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AVFormatContext *ctx;
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AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
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if (!s->streams[i]->codec->bit_rate) {
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av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No bit rate set for stream %d\n", i);
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ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
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snprintf(os->dirname, sizeof(os->dirname), "%s/QualityLevels(%d)", s->filename, s->streams[i]->codec->bit_rate);
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mkdir(os->dirname, 0777);
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ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
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ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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ctx->oformat = oformat;
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ctx->interrupt_callback = s->interrupt_callback;
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if (!(st = avformat_new_stream(ctx, NULL))) {
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ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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avcodec_copy_context(st->codec, s->streams[i]->codec);
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st->sample_aspect_ratio = s->streams[i]->sample_aspect_ratio;
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ctx->pb = avio_alloc_context(os->iobuf, sizeof(os->iobuf), AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, os, NULL, ism_write, ism_seek);
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ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", c->lookahead_count);
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av_dict_set(&opts, "ism_lookahead", buf, 0);
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av_dict_set(&opts, "movflags", "frag_custom", 0);
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if ((ret = avformat_write_header(ctx, &opts)) < 0) {
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s->streams[i]->time_base = st->time_base;
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if (st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
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os->stream_type_tag = "video";
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if (st->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
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} else if (st->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VC1) {
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av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported video codec\n");
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ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
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os->stream_type_tag = "audio";
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if (st->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC) {
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os->audio_tag = 0xff;
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} else if (st->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WMAPRO) {
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os->audio_tag = 0x0162;
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av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported audio codec\n");
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ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
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os->packet_size = st->codec->block_align ? st->codec->block_align : 4;
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get_private_data(os);
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if (!c->has_video && c->min_frag_duration <= 0) {
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av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "no video stream and no min frag duration set\n");
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ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
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ret = write_manifest(s, 0);
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static int parse_fragment(AVFormatContext *s, const char *filename, int64_t *start_ts, int64_t *duration, int64_t *moof_size, int64_t size)
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if ((ret = avio_open2(&in, filename, AVIO_FLAG_READ, &s->interrupt_callback, NULL)) < 0)
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*moof_size = avio_rb32(in);
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if (*moof_size < 8 || *moof_size > size)
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if (avio_rl32(in) != MKTAG('m','o','o','f'))
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if (len > *moof_size)
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if (avio_rl32(in) != MKTAG('m','f','h','d'))
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avio_seek(in, len - 8, SEEK_CUR);
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avio_rb32(in); /* traf size */
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if (avio_rl32(in) != MKTAG('t','r','a','f'))
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while (avio_tell(in) < *moof_size) {
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uint32_t len = avio_rb32(in);
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uint32_t tag = avio_rl32(in);
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int64_t end = avio_tell(in) + len - 8;
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if (len < 8 || len >= *moof_size)
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if (tag == MKTAG('u','u','i','d')) {
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const uint8_t tfxd[] = {
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0x6d, 0x1d, 0x9b, 0x05, 0x42, 0xd5, 0x44, 0xe6,
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0x80, 0xe2, 0x14, 0x1d, 0xaf, 0xf7, 0x57, 0xb2
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avio_read(in, uuid, 16);
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if (!memcmp(uuid, tfxd, 16) && len >= 8 + 16 + 4 + 16) {
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avio_seek(in, 4, SEEK_CUR);
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*start_ts = avio_rb64(in);
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*duration = avio_rb64(in);
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avio_seek(in, end, SEEK_SET);
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static int add_fragment(OutputStream *os, const char *file, const char *infofile, int64_t start_time, int64_t duration, int64_t start_pos, int64_t size)
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if (os->nb_fragments >= os->fragments_size) {
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os->fragments_size = (os->fragments_size + 1) * 2;
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os->fragments = av_realloc(os->fragments, sizeof(*os->fragments)*os->fragments_size);
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return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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frag = av_mallocz(sizeof(*frag));
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return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
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av_strlcpy(frag->file, file, sizeof(frag->file));
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av_strlcpy(frag->infofile, infofile, sizeof(frag->infofile));
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frag->start_time = start_time;
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frag->duration = duration;
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frag->start_pos = start_pos;
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frag->n = os->fragment_index;
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os->fragments[os->nb_fragments++] = frag;
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os->fragment_index++;
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static int copy_moof(AVFormatContext *s, const char* infile, const char *outfile, int64_t size)
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AVIOContext *in, *out;
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if ((ret = avio_open2(&in, infile, AVIO_FLAG_READ, &s->interrupt_callback, NULL)) < 0)
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if ((ret = avio_open2(&out, outfile, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &s->interrupt_callback, NULL)) < 0) {
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int n = FFMIN(size, sizeof(buf));
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n = avio_read(in, buf, n);
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avio_write(out, buf, n);
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static int ism_flush(AVFormatContext *s, int final)
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SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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char filename[1024], target_filename[1024], header_filename[1024];
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int64_t start_pos = os->tail_pos, size;
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int64_t start_ts, duration, moof_size;
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if (!os->packets_written)
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snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/temp", os->dirname);
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ret = ffurl_open(&os->out, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &s->interrupt_callback, NULL);
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os->cur_start_pos = os->tail_pos;
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av_write_frame(os->ctx, NULL);
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avio_flush(os->ctx->pb);
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os->packets_written = 0;
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if (!os->out || os->tail_out)
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ffurl_close(os->out);
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size = os->tail_pos - start_pos;
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if ((ret = parse_fragment(s, filename, &start_ts, &duration, &moof_size, size)) < 0)
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snprintf(header_filename, sizeof(header_filename), "%s/FragmentInfo(%s=%"PRIu64")", os->dirname, os->stream_type_tag, start_ts);
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snprintf(target_filename, sizeof(target_filename), "%s/Fragments(%s=%"PRIu64")", os->dirname, os->stream_type_tag, start_ts);
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copy_moof(s, filename, header_filename, moof_size);
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rename(filename, target_filename);
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add_fragment(os, target_filename, header_filename, start_ts, duration, start_pos, size);
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if (c->window_size || (final && c->remove_at_exit)) {
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for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
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int remove = os->nb_fragments - c->window_size - c->extra_window_size - c->lookahead_count;
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if (final && c->remove_at_exit)
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remove = os->nb_fragments;
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for (j = 0; j < remove; j++) {
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unlink(os->fragments[j]->file);
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unlink(os->fragments[j]->infofile);
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av_free(os->fragments[j]);
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os->nb_fragments -= remove;
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memmove(os->fragments, os->fragments + remove, os->nb_fragments * sizeof(*os->fragments));
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if (final && c->remove_at_exit)
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ret = write_manifest(s, final);
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static int ism_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
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SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
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AVStream *st = s->streams[pkt->stream_index];
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OutputStream *os = &c->streams[pkt->stream_index];
562
int64_t end_dts = (c->nb_fragments + 1) * c->min_frag_duration;
565
if (st->first_dts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
566
st->first_dts = pkt->dts;
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if ((!c->has_video || st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) &&
569
av_compare_ts(pkt->dts - st->first_dts, st->time_base,
570
end_dts, AV_TIME_BASE_Q) >= 0 &&
571
pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY && os->packets_written) {
573
if ((ret = ism_flush(s, 0)) < 0)
578
os->packets_written++;
579
return ff_write_chained(os->ctx, 0, pkt, s);
582
static int ism_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s)
584
SmoothStreamingContext *c = s->priv_data;
587
if (c->remove_at_exit) {
589
snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/Manifest", s->filename);
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#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(SmoothStreamingContext, x)
599
#define E AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
600
static const AVOption options[] = {
601
{ "window_size", "number of fragments kept in the manifest", OFFSET(window_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
602
{ "extra_window_size", "number of fragments kept outside of the manifest before removing from disk", OFFSET(extra_window_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 5 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
603
{ "lookahead_count", "number of lookahead fragments", OFFSET(lookahead_count), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 2 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
604
{ "min_frag_duration", "minimum fragment duration (in microseconds)", OFFSET(min_frag_duration), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64, { .i64 = 5000000 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
605
{ "remove_at_exit", "remove all fragments when finished", OFFSET(remove_at_exit), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, E },
609
static const AVClass ism_class = {
610
.class_name = "smooth streaming muxer",
611
.item_name = av_default_item_name,
613
.version = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
617
AVOutputFormat ff_smoothstreaming_muxer = {
618
.name = "smoothstreaming",
619
.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("Smooth Streaming Muxer"),
620
.priv_data_size = sizeof(SmoothStreamingContext),
621
.audio_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_AAC,
622
.video_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_H264,
623
.flags = AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER | AVFMT_NOFILE,
624
.write_header = ism_write_header,
625
.write_packet = ism_write_packet,
626
.write_trailer = ism_write_trailer,
627
.codec_tag = (const AVCodecTag* const []){ ff_mp4_obj_type, 0 },
628
.priv_class = &ism_class,