~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/vivid/fotoxx/vivid-proposed : revision 10

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Fotoxx Quick Guide  v.9.2

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Fotoxx Quick Guide  v.10.3.1

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<tbody>

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<tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Print Image File

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Arrange images and text in a layout for printing (<a href="#print">more</a>).

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select printer / paper format / orientation, and print image (<a href="#print">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Mass Rename Files

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Rename many files using a base name and sequence number (<a href="#mass_rename">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Quit fotoxx

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Exit from fotoxx.

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Area menu

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Areas within images where edits are confined (<a href="#area_functions">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select Area -mouse

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Outline an area for subsequent editing using the mouse (<a href="#select_area_mouse">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select Area -color

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select an area by color and range (<a href="#select_area_color">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Show Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Show outline of current area (<a href="#show_hide_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Hide Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Remove outline, for better visibility of edit results (<a href="#show_hide_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Area Edge Calculation

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculate pixel edge distances for blend width calculations (<a href="#area_edge_calc">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Invert Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Replace an area with everything outside the area (<a href="#invert_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Disable Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Disable area, leaving it available for re-edit and re-use (<a href="#disable_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Delete Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Remove the selected area (<a href="#delete_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Copy Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Copy a selected area and save it in memory (<a href="#copy_paste_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Paste Area

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Paste the saved area into the same or a new image (<a href="#copy_paste_area">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Areas within images where edits are confined

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Overview

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Explanation of area editing (<a href="#area_overview">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select an area for subsequent editing (<a href="#area_select">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Invert

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Replace an area with everything outside the area (<a href="#area_invert">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Disable / Enable

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Temporarily disable an area or enable it again (<a href="#area_disable">more</a>)

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Delete

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Permanently remove an area (<a href="#area_delete">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Copy / Paste

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Copy an area to memory and paste it somewhere else (<a href="#area_copy_paste">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Read and Save File

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Save an area as a file and load it later into other images (<a href="#Area_read_save">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Edit menus</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">These functions modify image files  (<a href="#image_edit_menus">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Retouch Image

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Brightness / Color

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit brightness, color, saturation, balance (<a href="#tune">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Brightness Ramp

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Horizontal / Vertical variation of brightness (<a href="#brightness_ramp">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Expand Brightness

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Clip low / high brightness levels and expand the rest (<a href="#expand_brightness">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Tone Mapping

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Increase local contrast (<a href="#tone_mapping">more</a>).

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Increase local contrast (not overall contrast) (<a href="#tone_mapping">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Trim Image</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Cut out a rectangular portion of an image (<a href="#crop">more</a>).</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Cut out a rectangular portion of an image (<a href="#trim_image">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Resize Image

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Warp Image

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<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Warp Image (curvey)

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distort entire image by pulling with the mouse (<a href="#warp_global">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Warp Image (affine)

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distort entire image by pulling with the mouse (<a href="#warp_affine">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Color Depth

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Reduce color depth (posterize) (<a href="#color_depth">more</a>).

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Display a color palette for tuning your monitor (<a href="#check_monitor">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Index Tags and Thumbs

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Re-index tags and thumbnails after file rearrangements (<a href="#synch_tags_thumbs">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Brightness Graph

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid Lines

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Add or remove grid lines for image alignment (unbend, rotate) (<a href="#grid_lines">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Lens Parameters

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit parameters for your cameras and lenses (<a href="#lens_parms">more</a>).

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Select images and write them on a CD or DVD (<a href="#burn">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">EXIF menu

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Basic EXIF data

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">View most important EXIF data (<a href="#view_exif_data">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">All EXIF data

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">View all EXIF data (<a href="#view_exif_data">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit EXIF data

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Add or change the data for a specific EXIF key (<a href="#edit_exif_data">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Delete EXIF data

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Delete a specific EXIF key or all EXIF data (<a href="#delete_exif_data">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Manage tags (keywords) / star ratings / dates  (<a href="#tags_menu">more</a>)

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Manage tags (keywords) / star ratings / dates  (<a href="#tags_menu">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit Tags

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Add or change image date / stars rating / tags (keywords) (<a href="#edit_tags">more</a>).

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Add or change image tags (keywords), stars rating, or date (<a href="#edit_tags">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Mass Add Tags

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Add many tags to many images at once (<a href="#mass_tags">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Search Tags

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Find images with desired tags / star ratings / dates (<a href="#search_tags">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">View EXIF Data

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">View image EXIF data (date, exposure data, tags) (<a href="#view_exif_data">more</a>).

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Index Tags</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Rebuild tags index file (<a href="userguide-en.html#index_tags">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Convert Tags</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Convert tags to new standard for fotoxx v.10.0 (<a href="userguide-en.html#convert_tags">more</a>).</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</tbody>

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</table>

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Keyboard Shortcuts

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<tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">Main Window

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<tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">Main Window

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</td>

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</td>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">T  key

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">shortcut for menu Transform > Trim

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">B  key

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">shortcut for menu Retouch > Brightness/Color

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Delete key

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">move image to fotoxx trash

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Escape key

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Exit slide show mode or show RGB mode

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Exit slide show mode

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Image Gallery window

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Image Gallery window

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</td>

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">close image gallery window

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</td>

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</tr><tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Dialogs for User Input

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">Dialogs for User Input

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</td>

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</td>

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</tbody>

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</table>

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<big>Mouse Functions

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</big>

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<tbody>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-family: sans-serif;">left click

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</tr>

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</tbody>

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</table>

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Some additional technical notes can be found <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="#technical_notes">here</a>.

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License and Warranty

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License and Warranty

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Fotoxx is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3 (Free Software Foundation).

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Fotoxx is not warranted for any purpose, but if you find a bug, I will try to fix it.

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Origin and Contact

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Fotoxx originates from

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the author's web site: <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx</a>

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the author's web site:  <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx</a>

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Other web sites may

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offer it for download. Modifications may have been made.

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If you have questions,

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suggestions, or a bug to report, contact kornelix@yahoo.de

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Some additional technical notes can be found <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="#technical_notes">here</a>.

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suggestions, or a bug to report: <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact</a>

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Navigation Use

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the Image Gallery menu (or Press the [gallery] toolbar button) to get

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an image gallery window (thumbnails) showing

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image files in the current image directory. Use this window to scroll

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Navigation <img style="width: 1012px; height: 642px;" alt="" src="images/navigation.jpeg" vspace="5"> Use

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the Image Gallery menu or the [gallery] toolbar button to create an image gallery window (thumbnails) showing

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image files in the current directory. Use this window to scroll

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around the directory and select files by clicking thumbnails.

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The buttons at the top allow scrolling forward or back by rows or

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pages. Use the file and folder buttons to navigate

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elsewhere if wanted. Make

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the window bigger to show

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more thumbnails, or use the [bigger] and [smaller] buttons to change

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pages. Use the [parent] and [open] buttons to jump to other locations. Use

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the [bigger] and [smaller] buttons to change

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the thumbnail size and the number of visible

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thumbnails. Pressing the [gallery] button in the fotoxx main window

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will bring the gallery window forward with the current file's

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thumbnail in the upper left corner. Clicking on a thumbnail will bring

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will bring the gallery window forward with the current file thumbnail

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in the upper left corner. Clicking on a thumbnail will bring

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the fotoxx main window forward with the selected image.

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select an image file or navigate to another directory and select an

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image file. The selected file is opened in the fotoxx main window where

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you can view or edit the file using the menus and toolbar buttons. Drag

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and drop can also be used to open a file: drag the file from Nautilus

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(or another browser) to the fotoxx window or to the fotoxx desktop

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and drop can also be used to open a file: drag a file from Nautilus

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(or other source) to the fotoxx window or to the fotoxx desktop

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launcher, and fotoxx will open the file. If text is dragged from gedit

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(or another editor supporting drag sourcing), fotoxx will assume the

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(or other program with drag sourcing), fotoxx will assume the

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text is a filespec and try to open it. Thus you can make a list of

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filespecs within a text file and use this list with fotoxx.

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Effectively, you can use Nautilus or text files to navigate a

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Save Image File</big>

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Save Image File</big>

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Menu:

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File > Save to Same File, or toolbar button [Save]: saves the

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current

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Menu: File > Save to New

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File, or toolbar button [Save-as]: opens a dialog to save the current

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image

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file to a selected file, which can be the original file, another file,

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or a new file. The file type (format) and JPEG

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compression quality can also be selected. An edited image file can be

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file to a selected file, which can be the original file, another

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existing file,

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or a new file. An edited image file can be

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saved in three formats, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF. JPEG is

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normally the best option, since files are compressed to

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reduce space. You can choose a JPEG quality value in the range 1-100.

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Lower values give greater compression and less image

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quality. Values above 70 are generally hard to distinguish from

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100 (highest quality, large file size). PNG files are compressed

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100 (highest quality, largest file size). PNG files are compressed

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without any loss of quality and are usually larger than JPEG files of

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the highest quality. TIFF files

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are uncompressed and larger than JPEG or PNG. TIFF files may be saved

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with 24 or 48 bits per pixel. The 48 bit TIFF format (16 bits per

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color) only makes sense for files converted

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with 8 or 16 bits per color. The 16-bit TIFF format only makes sense

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for files converted

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from a RAW format supporting more than 8 bits per color (camera RAW

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files are typically 12 bits per color). It is rare that the difference

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between 8 and >8 bits per color can be seen with the eye.

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files are typically 12 bits per color with noise in the lowest 2 bits).

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It is rare that the difference

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between 8 and >8 bits per color can be seen with the eye. However,

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an image with higher bits has more latitude when the brightness is

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altered with an image edprogram like Fotoxx.

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File sizes for a 10 megapixel image are roughly as

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follows (depends on amount of detail):

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follows (depending on amount of detail):

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<tbody>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  tiff-48

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">tiff-24

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">png

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">jpeg-100

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">jpeg-90

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">jpeg-80

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">jpeg-70

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">jpeg-50

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">tiff-16

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">tiff-8

857

</td>

858

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">png

859

</td>

860

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">jpeg-100

861

</td>

862

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">jpeg-90

863

</td>

864

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">jpeg-80

865

</td>

866

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">jpeg-70

867

</td>

868

771

869

</tr>

772

870

<tr>

773

<td style="vertical-align: top;">  58 MB

774

</td>

775

<td style="vertical-align: top;">19 MB

776

</td>

777

<td style="vertical-align: top;">14 MB

778

</td>

779

<td style="vertical-align: top;">7 MB

780

</td>

781

<td style="vertical-align: top;">2 MB

782

</td>

783

<td style="vertical-align: top;">1 MB

784

</td>

785

<td style="vertical-align: top;">0.6 MB

786

</td>

787

<td style="vertical-align: top;">0.4 MB

871

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">58 MB

872

</td>

873

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">19 MB

874

</td>

875

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">14 MB

876

</td>

877

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">7 MB

878

</td>

879

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">2 MB

880

</td>

881

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">1 MB

882

</td>

883

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">0.6 MB

884

</td>

788

885

789

</td>

790

886

</tr>

791

887

</tbody>

792

</table>

793

794

888

</table>

889

890

891

795

892

796

893

797

894

Print Image File

798

895

896

799

897

800

The print menu starts the program printoxx (if installed) with the

801

current image loaded into the printoxx layout window. Printoxx allows

802

you to add images and text to the layout window, change their size,

803

move them around, and print or save the final layout. Printoxx is

804

available at <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/printoxx">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/printoxx</a>.

898

The print menu brings up a dialog where you can select a printer, a

899

paper format (e.g. letter, A4), and an orientation (portrait or

900

landscape). Use the [print] button to print the current image using the

901

selected printer and paper format. You may also choose a format

902

"custom" where the paper width and height can be edited to any

903

reasonable values, in centimeters. The format is "custom N.N x N.N cm"

904

and you must not change this - just replace N.N with your centimeter

905

values (as in the predefined formats). Depending on your print software

906

and printer, you may be able to see a "print preview" before printing,

907

and you may be able to select the type of paper (plain or photo) and

908

the print quality. Some of the predefined formats may not work for

909

some printers. Margins seem to be a bit random. You can compensate by

910

changing the paper dimentions: use the custom format with increased

911

dimensions to get reduced margins on the paper. I have only been able

912

to test with CUPS and an HP

913

Officejet printer. I suggest you experiment with plain paper before

914

comitting expensive photo paper.

805

915

806

916

807

808

917

809

918

810

919

Trash

811

Image File</big>

812

There is no standard location for the trash folder in Linux, and in

813

practice it varies. fotoxx puts discarded images into a desktop folder

920

Image File</big> The

921

location and structure of "trash" varies with the different flavors of

922

the Linux desktop, so fotoxx does not try to use the un-standard trash.

923

Fotoxx puts discarded images into a desktop folder

814

924

named "fotoxx-trash". You can delete it or move

815

925

it to your distro-specific trash folder.

816

926

817

927

818

Rename Image File(s)

928

Rename Image File <img style="width: 334px; height: 184px;" alt="" src="images/rename.jpeg" hspace="9" vspace="5">

819

929

This function can help automate the process of renaming a series of

820

930

files using a root name (e.g. an event or place name) and a

821

931

sequence number. It is good for renaming a series of files from a

822

932

digital camera. Open the first file in the series, input a new name,

823

and press the [rename] button. The next file is then opened. You can

933

and press the [rename to] button. The next file is then opened. You can

824

934

use the same name again by pressing the [previous] button and then add

825

935

a suffix or sequence number. If you are using sequence numbers, press

826

936

the [ +1 ] button after the [previous] button to get the next sequence

827

number added to the name.

828

829

830

831

Area Menu</big>

937

number added to the name.

938

939

940

941

942

943

Mass Rename Files

944

945

This function is helpful if you want many image files (perhaps with the

946

same date or from the same event) to have the same names with an added

947

sequence number. In the dialog, specify a base name, a starting

948

sequence number, and an increment. For example, a base name of "arctic

949

cruise", a starting sequence number of 100, and an increment of 1 will

950

produce a series of file names like this: arctic cruise-100, arctic cruise-101, arctic

951

cruise-102, etc. (file extensions will not be changed). Use the button

952

[select files] to open a file chooser dialog to select as many files as

953

you want. When done, press [rename files] to rename all the files at

954

once. Don't use this function to rename non-image files, since fotoxx

955

will also update file name and tag associations in the tag index file.

956

957

958

959

960

961

962

<big style="font-weight: bold; font-family: sans-serif;">Area Overview</big>

832

963

833

964

834

It

835

is possible to modify part of an image while leaving the rest

836

unchanged. Edit functions normally apply to

837

the entire image. If a smaller image area has been selected, then the following edit functions will be carried

838

out within the selected area: all brightness, color, and contrast functions, warp area,

965

Edit functions normally apply to

966

the entire image, but it is possible to edit part of an image and leave the rest

967

unchanged. If

968

a smaller image area has been selected, then the following edit

969

functions will be carried

970

out within the selected area: white balance, flatten brightness,

971

brightness/color, brightness ramp, expand brightness, tone mapping,

972

warp area,

839

973

sharpen, blur,

840

974

reduce

841

975

noise, and all art functions. The warp area function works only

842

within a selected area, and the warp image function works only on the whole

976

within a selected area, and the warp image function works only on the

977

whole

843

978

image. Other

844

functions (trim, red-eye, rotate, resize, HDR, HDF, panorama, unbend) ignore a selected area. An

979

functions (trim, red-eye, rotate, resize, HDR, HDF, panorama, unbend)

980

ignore a selected area. An

845

981

area may be selected before starting an edit function, or while an edit

846

982

function is active. The selected area is immediately active, prior

847

983

edits are retained, and future edits (those listed above) will apply

848

only to the area. If another edit

984

only within the area. If another edit

849

985

function is started, the selected area remains active, so it is

850

986

possible to carry out a series of edits on one area, or one edit

851

function on a series of areas.You

852

can leave the select area function with the [OK] button and

853

resume it later. When the select area function is started and an area

854

already exists (finished or not), use the [start] button to continue

855

editing the current area, or the [delete] button to start over. If the

856

existing area is not the same type (select by mouse or color) as the

857

area to be edited, you will be asked to delete the old area or

858

terminate the new edit (i.e. both types cannot be active at the same

859

time).

860

861

862

Select Area -mouse</big>

863

Start with the [start] button. If an area is already there, it will be

864

shown. You can edit this area or delete it ([delete] button) to start a

865

new area. The mouse is used to outline the target area. Use the radio

866

buttons to select either "freehand draw" or "follow edge".

867

868

Freehand draw: Drag the mouse (left button down) to draw a freehand (curvey) line, or left-click

987

function on a series of areas.

988

989

990

991

</big>Area Select

992

993

In the select area dialog, start with the [Edit]

994

button. If an area is already there, it will be

995

shown. You can continue to edit this area or use [Delete] to delete it

996

and start a

997

new area. The [Pause] button is used to suspend editing and free the

998

mouse for zooming or scrolling a zoomed image to another position in

999

the window. Use [Edit] to resume editing the area. The [Hide]

1000

button removes the area outline (for

1001

better visibility of image edits and edge blending).

1002

The button

1003

changes to [Show] and can then be used to show the outline. The

1004

[Delete] button removes the area, allowing another area to be started. The select area dialog can be exited and

1005

re-started later. Press [Edit] to resume editing the area.

1006

Several methods (described below) can be used to outline one or

1007

more spaces within the image. These enclosed spaces will belong to the

1008

selected area and will be the areas modified by subsequent edit

1009

functions.

1010

1011

When you are finished

1012

selecting the spaces, use the [Finish] button to complete the process.

1013

A popup dialog will ask you to click the mouse inside each enclosed

1014

space in sequence. This action launches a search for all pixels within

1015

the enclosed space, and these are mapped and saved. The enclosed space

1016

is temporarily blackened so you can see exactly what part of the image

1017

is being mapped. The dialog will show the status of the search, success

1018

or "there is a gap". If there is a gap in the outline (i.e. the space

1019

is

1020

not fully enclosed), an attempt is made to

1021

show where the gap is: you will see a line coming out of the blackened

1022

space to meet the edge of an imaginary rectangle enclosing the space.

1023

You

1024

may be able to follow this line back to the gap, but if the area is

1025

convoluted finding the gap can be difficult. Each use of [finish] will

1026

produce a different picture that may lead you to the gap. When all

1027

spaces have been mapped in this manner, close the popup dialog with the

1028

[Done] button.

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

There are four methods to

1035

enclose space that will belong to the final area. These may be used in

1036

any sequence to define spaces that are joined or detached. Choose the

1037

current method using the four corresponding radio buttons: Freehand

1038

draw: drag the mouse to draw lines to outline an enclosed space. Follow

1039

edge: like freehand draw, but the drawn line will tend to follow along

1040

the edges of image objects that are close to the dragged cursor. Color

1041

range: select

1042

space around a clicked position which also matches the

1043

color and brightness of the clicked position. Radius: select a circular

1044

area around the dragged mouse cursor. The following paragraphs explain

1045

the details of each method.

1046

1047

Freehand draw: Drag the mouse (left button down) to draw a freehand (curvey) line, or left-click

869

1048

to connect a straight line from the last point drawn to the point clicked.

870

1049

Continue

871

1050

around the target area until it is surrounded with

872

1051

connected curves and lines. Right click to remove previous lines

873

1052

(mistakes) in order to re-draw them. A right click will remove the

874

previous clicked or dragged line (up to 50 pixels). Right click

1053

previous clicked or dragged line, up to 50 pixels. Right click

875

1054

repeatedly to remove more. A new clicked line will always connect to

876

1055

the end of the previous line. A new dragged line will connect to the

877

1056

previous line if it is started close to the end of that line. If it is

878

started elsewhere, a disconnected line will be drawn. To draw in the

879

opposite direction, start a new drag from far away and draw back to

1057

started elsewhere, a disconnected line will be drawn. You can start a new drag from far away and draw back to

880

1058

meet the previous line. If a clicked line connects to an undesired

881

1059

point (you don't want to connect to the last line drawn), right click

882

to erase it and do a small drag to start a new sequence of lines from

883

that point. A right-button drag can be used to erase small segments:

1060

to erase it and then use drag to start a new sequence of lines. A right-button drag can be used to erase small segments:

884

1061

right-drag closely along a line to erase it, then left-drag to re-draw

885

1062

the line. At the end, all lines must be connected with no gaps.

886

1063

Overlaps are OK. Gaps

887

1064

can be difficult to find and correct, so work at 100% image size or

888

greater and be careful. A series of lines automatically connected will

1065

greater and be careful. A series of lines automatically connected with left clicks will

889

1066

not leave gaps, but deviation from this sequence is likely to create

890

1067

gaps. To reduce the possibility of gaps, use deliberate overlaps when

891

1068

manually connecting lines.

892

893

Follow edge: this modifies the behavior of click and drag:

894

high-contrast pixels (likely edges) in the direction of mouse movement

1069

1070

Follow edge: this modifies the behavior of click and drag:

1071

high-contrast pixels (likely object edges) in the direction of mouse

1072

movement

895

1073

are searched and connected. This is effective for hard edges that are

896

1074

straight or gently curved. Fuzzy and ragged edges may not work well and

897

hand dragging will be needed if high precision is necessary. The rules

1075

freehand draw will be needed if high precision is necessary. The rules

898

1076

for connecting lines are the same as explaned above.

899

The [suspend] button temporarily stops editing and releases

900

the mouse to zoom or scroll the image to a new position. The button

901

changes to [resume] and can then be used to resume editing. The [Hide]

902

button removes the area outline (for

903

better visibility of image edits).

904

The button

905

changes to [Show] and can then be used to show the outline. The

906

[delete] button removes the area, allowing another area to be started. The select area dialog can be exited and

907

re-started later. If the [start] button is pressed, the area can be revised.

908

909

The [finish] button completes the selected area - the inside pixels are

910

marked and any gaps in the outline are detected. An attempt is made to

911

show where the gap is: you will see a line coming out of the

912

area to meet the edge of an imaginary rectangle enclosing the area. You

913

may be able to follow this line back to the gap, but if the area is

914

convoluted finding the gap can be difficult. Each use of [finish] may

915

produce a different picture that may lead you to the gap.

916

917

918

919

Select Area -color

920

</big>

921

Start with the [start] button. Click the

1077

Color range:  Click the

922

1078

left mouse button somewhere on the image to define a target color to select.

923

1079

An area of the image around the mouse position will be selected.

924

1080

The

929

1085

slider to increase or decrease the area selected with each left click.

930

1086

It is important to understand the selection algorithm: all pixels

931

1087

contiguous with the mouse position and matching the color at the mouse

932

position (within the specified color range) are selected. The search

1088

position (within the specified range) are selected. The search

933

1089

for matching pixels stops at pixels not within the color range or at pixels

934

1090

already selected by the current or a previous selection. You can think

935

1091

of non-matching pixels and already selected pixels as "barriers" that

938

1094

met. The mouse may also be dragged with the left button pressed. The selection algorithm is repeated for very

939

1095

pixel touched during the drag: this pixel and

940

1096

matching contiguous pixels are added to the selection. You can drag

941

along an edge with a narrow color range to define a barrier, and then

1097

along the edge of an object with a narrow color range to define a barrier, and then

942

1098

increase the range to select a large area at once that will not cross

943

1099

the barrier. You will need some practice to get a feeling for this and

944

1100

be able to work efficiently. If an "island" is left out after a

945

selection, you can likely eliminate it by clicking on it, or dragging

946

through it. Zoom the image to 100% or more to better see edge details. Click

947

the [finish] button to mark the area as complete. The selected area is

948

now active and subsequent

949

image edit

950

functions will operate within the area. The buttons [Show/Hide],

951

[Suspend/Resume] and [Delete] work as described above.

952

953

Sometimes getting the perfect color range is impossible: either too

1101

selection, you can likely eliminate it by clicking or dragging

1102

through it. Zoom the image to 100% or more to better see edge details. Sometimes getting the perfect color range is impossible: either too

954

1103

much will be selected, or many "islands" of excluded pixels will be

955

1104

created. The islands can be eliminated by clicking and draging over

956

1105

them using a large color range, but if there are hundreds of them this

957

can get tiresome. There is another way to get rid of them faster: If

958

"radius" is set to 1 or more, the selection operation works

959

differently: All pixels within this radius of the mouse position are

960

selected and accumulated into the area. This mode can be used to

961

quickly eliminate excluded islands: set a generous radius and drag over the

962

bubbly area. This method is also useful to nudge the edges of an area

963

outward, to enclose pixels that were not quite within range of the

964

target color. Dragging along such an edge with a narror range can also be effective.

965

966

967

968

969

Show Area and Hide Area

970

</big>

971

The show

972

function refreshes the current area outline. The

973

hide function suppresses the outline, which can improve the

974

visibility of image edits within the area.

975

976

977

978

Area Edge Blending</big> Edits

1106

can get tiresome. Instead, use the "radius" method.

1107

1108

Radius: Enter a value in the radius control. A corresponding circle

1109

will appear around the mouse cursor. A left mouse click or drag will

1110

select all pixels within the circle, and a right mouse click or drag

1111

will un-select all pixels within the circle (i.e. those that were

1112

previously selected). Use a large radius to rapidly enclose large

1113

spaces, and a small one to carefully follow along the edge of a subject

1114

in the image.

1115

1116

Blend width: Edits

979

1117

made within an area can be blended with the surrounding image over a

980

1118

distance called "blend width". At

981

the edge of the selected area, the image is the original image. At a distance of "blend width" into

1119

the edge of the selected area, the image is the original image. At a distance of "blend width" from any edge into

982

1120

the area, the image is the edited image. For distances in-between, the

983

pixels are a mix of original and edited pixels with a gradual transition. Blend

984

Area Edges is a menu function within the Area menu. The resulting

985

dialog has a button to perform area edge calculation and a slider to

1121

pixels are a mix of original and edited pixels with a gradual transition. Use the Blend Width slider to

986

1122

set the blend width for the current or subsequent edit functions. The

987

1123

leftmost position of the slider is zero blend width, which

988

1124

gives a hard edge to the area edit. Moving the slider to the right

989

1125

increases blend width and makes the edges of the edit more gradual and

990

harder to distinguish from the original image. Blending only works if

991

the edge calculation has been done, which calculates the distance to

992

the

993

nearest edge for each pixel in an area. This calculation can take a

994

long time and is not done automatically.

995

Whenever an area is re-edited or inverted, the edge calculation is

996

discarded and must be repeated if blending is wanted. The Blend Width

997

slider is not active unless an edit function that can use it is also

998

active. If the Blend Width slider is used

999

and the edge calculation has not been done, you are notified. Use the

1000

Edge Calc button to perform the edge calculation, after which the Blend

1001

Width slider will work.

1002

1003

If the edge of a selected area is within 4 pixels of the image edge, it

1126

harder to distinguish from the original image. Moving the slider for

1127

the first time after editing an area will cause the edge distance

1128

to be calculated for each pixel in the area. This is normally fast (a

1129

few seconds), but it may take minutes if the area is large and has a

1130

complex geometry (a very long edge). Whenever an area is re-edited or

1131

inverted, the edge calculation is

1132

discarded and must be repeated if blending is wanted. If the edge of a selected area is within 4 pixels of the image edge, it

1004

1133

is no longer considered an edge for blending. If a selected area

1005

1134

includes a portion of the image edge, and you do not want blending

1006

1135

along this edge (the normal case), be sure the edge of the area is

1007

1136

tightly bound to the image edge.

1008

1009

1010

Invert Area</big>

1011

This

1137

1138

1139

Area Invert

1140

1141

1142

1143

This

1012

1144

function inverts an existing area: the entire image

1013

1145

is selected except for the existing area. Using the function two

1014

1146

times returns the original selected area. Inverting a selected area

1015

1147

invalidates the edge calculation which must be repeated if edge

1016

1148

blending is desired.

1149

1150

1151

1152

1153

Area Disable / Enable

1154

1017

1155

1018

1019

Disable Area</big>

1020

This function disables the current area and keeps the data so that it

1156

1157

This function disables the current area and keeps the data so that it

1021

1158

can be re-activated or re-edited. This allows you to alternate edits

1022

1159

within a selected area and edits for the entire image.

1023

1160

1161

1162

1163

1164

1165

Area Delete

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

This function permanently deletes the current area. The function is the same as the [Delete] button in the select area dialog.

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

Area Copy / Paste

1176

1024

1177

1025

1026

Delete Area</big>

1027

This function permanently deletes both mouse- and color-selected areas.

1028

1029

1030

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Copy and Paste Area</big>

1031

1032

Copy: The selected area is copied and saved in memory.

1033

Paste: The saved area is pasted into the middle of the current image.

1178

Copy: The current selected area is copied and saved in memory.

1179

Paste: The saved area is pasted into the current image.

1034

1180

It can be moved around by dragging with the mouse. Use the buttons

1035

1181

[+10%] etc. to resize the pasted object. Use the edge blend slider to

1036

1182

make a blended edge if desired. Press the [done]

1037

button in the popup dialog. The pasted area is now the equivalend of an

1038

area selected by color. You can edit within the area and use the [blend

1039

width] control in the Select Area -color dialog.

1183

button in the popup dialog. The pasted area now behaves like a selected area. You can edit within the area and use the [blend

1184

width] control in the Select Area dialog.

1185

1186

1187

Area Read File and Save File

1188

1189

If a selected area is active or has been saved with the menu Area >

1190

Copy, it can be saved to a file using the menu Area > Save File. You

1191

are asked to supply a name. Two files are saved: the image is saved to

1192

name.tiff and the edge distance data is saved to name.dist. These files

1193

reside at <big><big>/home/<user>/.fotoxx/saved_areas/.</big></big>

1194

Use Area > Read File to choose a saved area, which will be dumped

1195

into the image where it can be moved around, resized, etc. just as with

1196

the copy and paste functions.

1040

1197

1041

1198

1042

1199

Image Edit Menus</big></big>

1043

1200

1044

1201

1045

1202

1203

1046

1204

General Editing Procedure

1047

1205

1206

1048

1207

1049

1208

The

1050

1209

image in the main window can be operated on with the edit menu

1051

1210

functions. You can use these

1052

1211

functions in any

1053

1212

order, and the changes are accumulated for the current image and shown

1054

in the main window. The [undo] and [redo] buttons can be used to review

1055

the before/after results for the last 50 edits of the current image.

1056

These buttons do not work during an image edit function, but some of

1057

these functions have their own method to undo and redo changes during

1058

the edit. When finished with an image, use [save] to replace the

1059

original file or save to a new file.

1213

in the main window. The Toolbar [undo] and [redo] buttons can be used

1214

to review

1215

the before/after results for the last 99 edits of the current image.

1216

These buttons also work during an image edit to review the before/after

1217

results of the current edit function. When finished with an image, use

1218

[save] or [save-as] to replace the

1219

original file or save to a new file.

1220

1221

Suggested Workflow:

1222

Convert RAW files to TIFF with 16 bits/color. The high color depth

1223

reduces the risk of visible "banding" from functions that can radically

1224

shift the brightness distribution (especially Flatten and Tone

1225

Mapping). When finished, convert the final TIFF to JPEG (quality level

1226

70-90) to reduce the file size (from typically 50 MB to 2 MB). You will

1227

not be able to see a difference between the final TIFF and JPEG images.

1228

To preserve the possibility of re-editing the image later, keep the RAW

1229

file, which is much smaller than the TIFF file. Most of the time you

1230

can just edit the JPEG that comes out of the camera. Use this more

1231

time-consuming procedure only if you see banding.

1232

1233

1060

1234

1235

1061

1236

1062

1237

Adjust White Balance

1238

1063

1239

1064

1240

This function is an

1065

1241

easy way to remove a false color-cast, e.g. the whole image has an

1074

1250

1075

1251

Flatten Brightness

1076

1252

1253

1077

1254

1078

1255

This

1079

1256

is a fast and easy way to compensate for a common limitation in photos:

1086

1263

Move the slider and watch the image, which may lag a moment. Some

1087

1264

images will show good results, others may not be helped or even become worse.

1088

1265

1266

1089

1267

1090

1268

1269

1091

1270

1092

Brightness/Color

1093

1094

1271

Brightness/Color

1272

1095

1273

This function is used to change brightness, color intensity,

1096

1274

color saturation, and color balance (relative RGB levels). You can adjust all of these items as a

1097

1275

function of the original image pixel brightness. To illustrate, you

1114

1292

deleted by

1115

1293

right-clicking them.

1116

1294

1295

1117

1296

1118

1297

The image changes in real-time as the curves are moved. Simply move the curves and observe the image until you are satisfied.

1119

1298

1124

1303

pixel and moves other colors in the opposite direction, so that overall

1125

1304

brightness does not change.

1126

1305

1306

1307

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Brightness Ramp</big>

1308

1309

This function can be used to compensate for uneven lighting such as

1310

vignetting (darker image periphery), left/right or top/bottom

1311

brightness differences, etc. The function dialog displays two editable

1312

curves, horizontal and vertical. The horizontal curve adjusts

1313

brightness horizontally, and the vertical curve adjusts brightness

1314

vertically. Move the curves in the directions labeled "+" and "‒"

1315

to increase or decrease the image brightness in the corresponding image

1316

area. To remove vignetting in the image corners, move both ends of both

1317

curves in the "+" direction while fixing the middle areas or even

1318

moving them in the "‒"

1319

direction. To brighten the lower left corner, move the left end of the

1320

horizontal curve and the lower end of the vertical curve in the "+"

1321

direction.

1322

1323

1324

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Expand Brightness</big>

1325

1326

This function expands the brightness range of pixels having a

1327

brightness within a specified low - high range. Pixels outside this

1328

range will be clipped to have brightness zero and maximum,

1329

respectively, and the rest will be expanded to the range zero to

1330

maximum. This function is useful for improving a dull-looking or

1331

contrast-poor image, usually in preparation for other brightness and

1332

color adjustments or tone mapping. HDR can produce dull-looking images

1333

because the averaging of many input pixels may produce output pixels

1334

with less range than zero to maximum brightness.

1335

1336

1127

1337

1128

1338

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Tone Mapping</big>

1129

Tone mapping can be used to improve the visible detail in images or

1130

image areas that have too little contrast. It brings out more detail by

1131

increasing the spread between darker and lighter pixels within the same

1132

image region. Other methods can also be used: adjusting the

1133

brightness curve can increase contrast for a selected brightness range

1134

(possibly at the expense of others). Flattening the brightness

1135

distribution can spread the available contrast more evenly. Increasing

1136

color intensity and saturation can also bring out more detail. These

1137

methods operate globally: all pixels of a color and brightness are

1138

processed the same. Tone mapping can process pixels differently

1139

depending on the brightness of surrounding pixels.

1140

1141

Two tone mapping methods are available. The first one is fast and

1142

interactive, and uses a somewhat different method from what is normally

1143

called tone mapping. When the function is started, the mean brightness

1144

for the image (or

1145

currently selected area) is computed, which becomes the initial basis

1146

for contrast adjustment. Pixels darker or brighter than this value can

1147

be adjusted to be more dark or more bright, respectively - i.e. the

1148

existing contast is amplified. An editable curve spans the brightness

1149

range from black to white. It is initially zero over the whole range,

1150

meaning no effect. If a portion of the curve is raised, pixels in the

1151

affected area are darkened if below the mean, or brightened if above.

1152

The left end of the curve affects darker pixels, the right end brighter

1153

pixels. Raising the middle will mostly increase the contrast for

1154

mid-brightness areas while affecting darker and brighter areas less.

1155

The slider below the curve can be used to move the base brightness

1156

value, where the transition between darkening and brightening occurs.

1157

Simply adjust the curve and slider while watching the image, until

1158

you are satisfied. If this is being done within a selected area, hide

1159

the area

1160

outline and use the "blend width" control to get rid of any edge

1161

effects.

1162

1163

The second method is slower and works in a more conventional manner: an

1164

"unsharp mask" with a large radius. Here the base brightness for each

1165

pixel is computed from pixels within its neighborhood (radius). This

1166

can do a better job

1167

of enhancing local contrast, but there are two problems: there may be

1168

"halos" around the edges of large uniform areas (e.g. where sky meets

1169

tree), and the computation time is long (a smaller image is used

1170

internally to compute the neighborhood brightness around each pixel,

1171

which speeds up the process). If you see halos, there are several

1172

possibilities to reduce them: (a) increase the radius, making the halos

1173

broader and less noticeable (but with less enhancement of local

1174

contrast), (b) reduce the amount of contrast adjustment, (c) use Select

1175

Area to operate on different image areas with different parameters.

1176

1339

1340

Tone mapping increases the apparent brightness range of an image by

1341

increasing local contrast. It is especially useful to improve HDR

1342

images, but can also be applied to any image. HDR images often seem

1343

"flat" because the contrast between nearby pixels has been reduced to

1344

make the overall contrast fit within the available range (normally 8

1345

bits per color). Tone Mapping increases the contrast between nearby

1346

pixels without increasing the overall contrast. It relies on the nature

1347

of human vision: contrast within a small angle is perceived more

1348

strongly than contrast over a large angle. Tone mapping also brings out

1349

subtle details (low contrast) that would otherwise be hard to notice.

1350

1351

Other methods

1352

can also be used: adjusting the brightness curve can increase contrast

1353

for a selected brightness range (possibly at the expense of others).

1354

Flattening the brightness distribution can spread the available

1355

contrast more evenly. Increasing color intensity and saturation can

1356

also bring out more detail. These methods operate globally: all pixels

1357

of a given color and brightness are processed the same. Tone mapping

1358

processes pixels differently depending on the brightness of surrounding

1359

pixels and is more effective at enhancing detail.

1360

1361

In the dialog, the graphic curve determines how much local contrast is

1362

increased depending on local contrast. The left end of the x-axis

1363

corresponds to low-contrast pixels and the right end high-contrast

1364

pixels. Normally the left side of the curve would be raised to increase

1365

the contrast of low-contrast pixels. The Constrain slider below the

1366

curve regulates the internal algorithmic calculation, from no

1367

constraint on the left to full constraint on the right. If moved too

1368

far to the left, the image will show artifacts (bright or dark "rays"),

1369

so push it right until these disappear.

1370

1371

The curve can be dragged with the mouse and its effect on the image

1372

will show up in a few seconds (depending on image or area size and CPU

1373

speed). The constraint slider also needs a few seconds to show up in

1374

the image. If more contrast is wanted, raise the curve. If uniform

1375

areas (e.g. sky) become mottled, pull the left end of the curve down to

1376

reduce amplification for low-contrast pixels. In some cases it will be

1377

best to select different areas of the image and process them

1378

separately, e.g. more conservative for sky, more aggressive for

1379

textured surfaces like stone walls.

1380

1381

1177

1382

Remove Red Eye

1178

1383

1384

1179

1385

1180

1386

This function reduces the red-eye effect from electronic flash photos.

1181

1387

Two methods are provided. The first is faster but will not handle

1204

1410

1205

1411

Blur image

1206

1412

1413

1207

1414

1208

1415

This function can be used to blur or un-sharpen an image. Each pixel is

1209

1416

mixed with neighboring pixels to reduce the differences, making edges

1218

1425

distribution to spread out, making the brightness steps perceptible).

1219

1426

1220

1427

1428

1221

1429

1222

1430

Sharpen Image

1223

1431

1432

1224

1433

1225

1434

This function sharpens a blurry image. Three methods are implemented:

1226

edge detection, unsharp mask, and Laplacian. Edge detection is a simple

1227

algorithm: find adjacent pixels with the largest brightness difference

1228

and increase the difference. This is repeated for several cycles, with

1435

edge detection, unsharp mask, and gradient. Edge detection: find

1436

adjacent pixels with the largest brightness difference

1437

(contrast) and increase the difference. This is repeated for several

1438

cycles, with

1229

1439

the threshold for brightness difference decreased each cycle. Unsharp

1230

mask is a traditional method also found in Gimp and other tools. It is

1231

fast and effective (a technical description can be found via Google).

1440

mask: a fast and effective method also found in Gimp and other tools. A

1441

technical description can be found via Google.

1442

Gradient: pixels are processed left to right and top to bottom. The

1443

brightness difference (contrast) between each pixel and its prior

1444

neighbors (left and above) is increased, and the pixel brightness is

1445

modified to match. This brightness change is propagated to the next

1446

pixel where the process is repeated.

1447

1232

1448

The edge detection method gives sharper edges where the contrast is

1233

1449

high and softer edges elsewhere, making it good for portraits (sharp

1234

1450

eyes, smooth skin). For images that are partly sharp and partly blurred

1235

(e.g. depth of field or motion problem), the edge detection method will

1236

affect only the blurry areas, whereas unsharp mask may put "halos"

1237

around edges that are already sharp. The Laplacian method is very

1238

similar to unsharp mask, producing slightly better results in some

1239

cases and slightly worse in others. The radius value limits the

1451

(e.g. depth of field or motion problem), the edge detection method

1452

primarily affects the blurry areas, whereas unsharp mask may put

1453

"halos"

1454

around edges that are already sharp. The gradient method works about as

1455

well as unsharp mask for slightly blurry images. It is experimental for

1456

now and may be revised or removed in the future. The radius value

1457

limits the

1240

1458

distance over which pixels around an edge are changed. It should be

1241

1459

small (1-2) for images that are slightly fuzzy and larger for poorer

1242

1460

images. Threshold suppresses changes to low-contrast pixels: a higher

1243

1461

values reduces the amplification of low-level irregularities.

1244

1245

For the edge detection method, enter the following parameters:

1246

1247

1248

1249

<tbody>

1250

<tr>

1251

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   cycles

1252

</td>

1253

<td style="vertical-align: top;">number of iterations

1254

</td>

1255

</tr>

1256

<tr>

1257

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   reduce

1258

</td>

1259

<td style="vertical-align: top;">brightness reduction threshold per cycle, 80 means 0.80

1260

</td>

1261

</tr>

1262

<tr>

1263

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   threshold

1264

</td>

1265

<td style="vertical-align: top;">brightness change low cutoff threshold

1266

</td>

1267

</tr>

1268

</tbody>

1269

</table>

1270

1271

For the unsharp mask or Laplacian method, enter the following

1272

parameters:

1273

1274

1275

<tbody>

1276

<tr>

1277

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   radius

1278

</td>

1279

<td style="vertical-align: top;">distance pixels around an edge are changed

1280

</td>

1281

</tr>

1282

<tr>

1283

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   amount

1284

</td>

1285

<td style="vertical-align: top;">amount of correction, 100 = normal

1286

</td>

1287

</tr>

1288

<tr>

1289

<td style="vertical-align: top;">   threshold

1290

</td>

1291

<td style="vertical-align: top;">brightness change low cutoff threshold (unsharp mask only)

1292

</td>

1293

</tr>

1294

</tbody>

1295

</table>

1296

1297

1462

1463

For the edge detection method, enter the following parameters:

1464

1465

cycles         number of iterations

1466

reduce        brightness reduction threshold per cycle, 80 means 0.80

1467

threshold    brightness change low cutoff threshold

1468

1469

For the unsharp mask method, enter the following parameters:

1470

1471

radius          distance pixels around an edge are changed

1472

amount        amount of correction, 100 = normal

1473

threshold     brightness change low cutoff threshold

1474

1475

For the gradient method, enter the following parameters:

1476

amount        amount of correction, 100 = normal

1477

threshold     brightness change low cutoff threshold

1478

1298

1479

Press the button for the method selected and wait a few seconds to see

1299

1480

the result. The default values are suggested starting points. Make

1300

1481

changes and repeat the process until satisfied. You can go back and

1301

forth among the methods to compare which is best for a given image.

1482

forth among the methods to compare which is best for a given image. Use

1483

Select Area to operate on different parts of the image with different

1484

methods and parameters.

1302

1485

1303

1486

1487

1304

1488

1305

1489

Reduce Noise

1306

1490

1491

1307

1492

1308

1493

This function reduces the noise present in photos taken under poor

1309

1494

lighting conditions, making uniform surfaces appear speckled. Choose one of

1316

1501

algorithms may run a long time. To save time, select a small

1317

1502

area and experiment with the different methods and radius settings

1318

1503

until you make a decision, then clear the selected area and apply the

1319

chosen method to the whole image.

1320

1321

The following algorithms are applied

1322

to each RGB color independently.

1323

(1) Flatten

1504

chosen method to the whole image. There are four different methods, and each method applies to each RGB color independently.

1505

<ol>

1506

1507

1508

</ol>

1509

<ul>

1510

<li>Flatten

1324

1511

outliers by

1325

color: the highest and lowest pixel values within a radius are moderated slightly.

1326

(2) Flatten outliers by color: pixels are compared to the mean and

1512

color: the highest and lowest pixel values within a radius are moderated slightly.</li>

1513

<li>

1514

Flatten outliers by color: pixels are compared to the mean and

1327

1515

sigma of pixels within a radius. Those outside one sigma are moved back

1328

toward the mean by half the excess over one sigma.

1329

(3) Set median brightness by color: pixels are set to the

1330

median value of their neighbors within a radius.

1331

(4) Top hat: detect outliers by comparison with

1516

toward the mean by half the excess over one sigma. </li>

1517

<li>Set median brightness by color: pixels are set to the

1518

median value of their neighbors within a radius.</li>

1519

<li>Top hat: detect outliers by comparison with

1332

1520

a band of pixels some distance away. The comparison distance is increased in steps

1333

1521

from 1 pixel to

1334

the radius limit.

1335

1336

1337

1522

the radius limit.</li>

1523

</ul>

1524

<ol>

1525

1526

1527

1528

1529

1530

1531

</ol>

1532

1338

1533

Trim Image

1339

1534

1340

1341

The HDR and panorama

1535

1536

The HDR, HDF  and

1537

panorama

1342

1538

functions will leave some black margins around the

1343

1539

edges where the images did not overlap. Use the trim function to remove

1344

1540

these areas, or any other unwanted margins. An initial selection

1352

1548

opposite corner to keep the same ratio. You can also drag from the

1353

1549

middle of

1354

1550

the rectangle to shift the whole rectangle without changing its

1355

dimensions.

1551

dimensions. The buttons allow the following width:height ratios to be

1552

set and fixed: 1:1, 2:1, 3:2, 4:3, 16:9, and the golden ratio. The

1553

button [invert] exchanges the width/height ratio (2:1 becomes 1:2 etc).

1356

1554

1357

1555

1556

1358

1557

1359

1558

Resize Image

1360

1559

1560

1361

1561

1362

1562

Sometimes called "rescale", this function allows setting a new image width and height in pixels, or

1363

1563

as a percent of the original size. You can input the new width and

1373

1573

updated until the modified image is saved.

1374

1574

1375

1575

1576

1376

1577

1377

1578

Rotate Image

1378

1579

1580

1379

1581

1380

1582

The rotate menu function starts a dialog to rotate the image clockwise

1381

1583

(+) or counterclockwise (-) in steps of 0.1, 1, 10, or 90 degrees. For

1397

1599

as a 180 degree rotation.

1398

1600

1399

1601

1602

1400

1603

1401

1604

Unbend Image

1402

1605

1606

1403

1607

1404

1608

Panoramas of nearby subjects (typically buildings or

1405

1609

interior rooms)

1419

1623

correcting perspective problems.

1420

1624

1421

1625

1626

1422

1627

1423

1628

Warp Area

1424

1629

1630

1425

1631

1426

1632

This function can be used to make distortions within an image.

1427

1633

You can select an image area and drag the mouse to stretch this area

1436

1642

function.

1437

1643

1438

1644

1439

Warp Image

1645

Warp Image (curvey)

1440

1646

This function is useful to correct perspective problems (see also

1441

1647

"Unbend"). Drag the image from any edge, using the mouse. The entire

1442

1648

image will be pulled or pushed in the direction of the mouse, but areas

1443

near the mouse are moved more than more distant areas.

1444

1649

near the mouse are moved more than more distant areas. You can straighten curved lines or deliberately curve the image.

1650

1651

1652

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Warp Image (affine)</big>

1653

This function can be used to warp an image in interesting ways. Drag

1654

the image from a corner or edge using the mouse. The changes are purely

1655

linear so straight lines remain straight. This transform is called

1656

"affine". Technical details can be found with Google.

1657

1658

1445

1659

1446

1660

1447

1661

Color Depth

1448

1662

1663

1449

1664

1450

1665

This function changes the normal 16 bits per RGB color (red, green,

1451

1666

blue)

1468

1683

selection of the radio buttons "pencil" and "chalk". Manipulate both

1469

1684

"threshold" and "outlines" to find the best balance.

1470

1685

1686

1471

1687

1472

1688

1689

1473

1690

1474

1691

Simulate Embossing

1475

1692

This function transforms a photo into a simulated relief or embossed

1507

1724

1508

1725

Edit Pixels

1509

1726

1727

1510

1728

1511

1729

This function changes

1512

1730

individual pixels. There are three modes of

1540

1758

image pixels and a small brush is being used, some pixels may be skipped by the mouse and cannot be

1541

1759

painted.

1542

1760

1761

1543

1762

1544

1763

1545

1764

1554

1773

different exposure levels. You can combine such images to make a

1555

1774

better one. If the camera is adjusted manually between shots, take care

1556

1775

to keep it level and aim at the same point. Some misalignment of the

1557

two images can be tolerated. If things move between the

1558

two shots

1559

(people, windblown trees), fuzziness and ghosting cannot be avoided.

1560

1561

1562

Two HDR functions are available. The first works with only two images

1563

but is faster and easier to use. Open the 1st image file with the

1564

[open] button, then select the HDR (2 Images) menu function. A file

1565

open dialog is started to select the 2nd image file. The two images are

1566

aligned and combined automatically. When done, the combined image is

1567

shown, along with a dialog for manual fine adjustment. The contribution

1568

from each image can be adjusted independently for different brightness

1569

levels in the combined image. The initial ramp causes the darkest areas

1570

to be taken mostly from the brighter image, and the brightest areas

1571

mostly from the darker image. Use the mouse to pull the curve and

1572

change the contributions from the two input images. This will also add

1573

an anchor point that will not move when other parts of the curve are

1574

moved. An anchor point can also be dragged. An anchor point can be

1575

deleted with a right-click.

1576

The 2nd HDR function can combine up to 10 files. Open one of the

1577

image files with the [open] button, then select the HDR

1578

(2-10 Images) menu function. A file open dialog is started to select up

1776

two images can be tolerated. If things move between shots, fuzziness and ghosting cannot be avoided.

1777

1778

The HDR function can combine up to 10 files. Open one of the

1779

image files with the [open] button, then select the HDR menu function.

1780

A file open dialog is started to select up

1579

1781

to nine more

1580

1782

image

1581

1783

files, which must all have the same pixel dimensions. The images are

1582

aligned and combined automatically, which may need a minute or more. When done,

1784

aligned and combined automatically, which may need a minute or more.

1785

When done,

1583

1786

the

1584

1787

combined image is shown, along with a dialog for manual adjustments.

1585

1788

The contributions from the input images are shown as a series of

1586

1789

editable curves. The horizontal scale represents pixel brightness, from

1587

1790

dark to bright white. Each curve represents an image which contributes

1588

to the pixels within the range of the curve. A brightness value falling

1589

within multiple curves is made from multiple images, with the ratios

1590

being the heights of the curves. The curves can be edited as described

1591

above. Select a curve using the radio buttons below the curves. The

1592

anchor points of the selected curve turn red. You can raise or lower

1593

the curve or shift it left or right by dragging the anchor points. The

1791

to the pixels. The image contribution at a given brightness level is

1792

proportional to the height of its curve at that level. The curves can

1793

be edited by dragging them with the mouse. The anchor points (small

1794

squares on a curve) can be pulled around while others remain fixed. The

1594

1795

corresponding image contributions are changed accordingly, and you can

1595

see the results in quasi-real-time in the output image. The button

1596

[flash] can be used to briefly highlight the image areas that are

1597

influenced by the image and curve currently selected for editing. You

1598

will likely need practice before the concepts sink in and you become more

1599

effective at working the curves.

1600

1601

A faster and easier alternative may work as well: after the images are

1602

combined, ignore the curves and exit from HDR. Then use the functions

1603

Flatten and Brightness/Color to tune the image. A kind of "tone

1604

mapping" can also be done: use Select Area (mouse) to enclose any area

1605

in the image which needs more local contrast, and use the same two

1606

functions to improve that area.

1796

see the results in quasi-real-time in the output image. Right-click on

1797

an anchor point to remove it. You

1798

will likely need practice to become effective at working the curves.

1799

A faster and easier alternative may work as well: after the images

1800

are

1801

combined, ignore the curves and exit from HDR. Use various edit

1802

functions to refine the image: Flatten, Expand Brightness,

1803

Brightness/Color, and Tone Mapping. Select Area can be used to enclose

1804

any area

1805

in the image which needs more brightness, color, or local contrast, so

1806

you can apply

1807

different methods and parameters to different areas.

1607

1808

1608

1809

1609

1810

Make HDF Image (high depth of field)</big>

1641

1842

1642

1843

Panorama

1643

1844

1845

1644

1846

1645

1847

This function stitches two images together to make a wide image or

1646

1848

panorama. The images must overlap by 10% or more, so that the program

1685

1887

When done, you can use unbend, image warp, rotate, trim, and other

1686

1888

functions

1687

1889

for final adjustments.

1688

1689

Panoramas of three or more images can be done as follows: After joining

1890

1891

Panoramas of three or more images

1892

After joining

1690

1893

the first two images, Start the panorama function again to open and

1691

1894

join a 3rd image. In this manner you can string together several

1692

1895

images. New images are always joined on the right.

1706

1909

1707

1910

1708

1911

1912

1709

1913

<big style="font-family: sans-serif;">Tools Menu</big>

1710

1914

1915

1711

1916

1712

1917

Check Monitor

1713

1918

1919

1714

1920

1715

1921

Eight color bands are written across the screen with brightness from

1716

1922

zero (black) to 100%. You can use this to adjust the brightness and

1721

1927

(8 bits per color). The steps are too small to distinguish with the

1722

1928

eye. This evaluation

1723

1929

should be done

1724

in a darkened room (no external light falling on the monitor screen).

1725

1726

1727

1728

Index Tags and Thumbs

1729

1730

1731

You need to do this after first installing fotoxx, or if you

1732

move or reorganize image files and directories. Nothing is lost when

1733

image files are moved around, but

1734

tag searching will not work (see the tags section below), and the image gallery (thumbnail) windows will be slow. The

1735

index function regenerates the tags index file and the thumbnail images

1736

that make the gallery windows fast. A dialog will ask

1737

for the topmost directory of your image files. That directory and any subdirectories containing images will be

1738

processed (if you have multiple directories not in the same hierarchy, make one directory with links to all the others).

1739

The time required depends on computer speed and average image size. My

1740

(fast) development computer does about 800 images / minute.

1741

Once the images have been indexed,

1742

searching them using tags is almost instantaneous. Starting with v.8.4,

1743

this function works incrementally (after it has run one more time). If

1744

only a few images have been added

1745

or moved (unknown to fotoxx), then only these images are processed. The

1746

indexing should complete in seconds instead of minutes. The index is

1747

built in memory and then written to disk (at ~/.fotoxx/assigned_tags).

1748

There is a limit of 100K images. If you want to force a complete

1749

re-indexing of all files, delete this index file first.

1750

1930

in a darkened room (no external light falling on the monitor screen).

1931

1932

1751

1933

1752

1934

1753

1935

Brightness Graph

1754

1936

1937

1755

1938

1756

1939

This function opens a small window that shows a brightness

1757

1940

distribution graph of the current image in the main window. This graph

1758

updates immediately as edit functions change the brightness.

1941

updates immediately as edit functions change the image.

1942

1759

1943

1760

1944

1761

1945

1946

1762

1947

1763

Clone fotoxx

1948

Clone Fotoxx

1949

1764

1950

1765

1951

1766

1952

Start a new instance of fotoxx in a new window, starting with the

1768

1954

more than one image at a time.

1769

1955

1770

1956

1957

1771

1958

1772

1959

Slide Show

1773

1960

1961

1774

1962

1775

1963

The image window is

1776

1964

enlarged to the whole desktop, and the menu and

1779

1967

show mode. If a tag search is done before a slide show, these images are shown.

1780

1968

1781

1969

1970

1782

1971

1783

1972

Show RGB

1784

1973

1974

1785

1975

1786

1976

This function changes the mouse mode. When a point on the image

1787

1977

is left-mouse clicked, the RGB values

1792

1982

bits are zero unless the image has been edited. Only the edit functions

1793

1983

for color and brightness affect the lower 8 bits, and this data is

1794

1984

preserved only if

1795

the image is saved in 48 bit tiff format. A right-mouse click restores

1985

the image is saved in 16-bit tiff format. A right-mouse click restores

1796

1986

the

1797

normal mouse mode (click to zoom), or the escape key can also be used.

1798

1799

1987

normal mouse mode (click to zoom), or the escape key can also be used.

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Grid Lines

1994

1995

This function adds or removes horizontal and verticle lines across the

1996

image. The lines are

1997

useful when an image must be rotated for horizon alignment,

1998

or when an image is unbent or warped to straighten walls or other

1999

objects in the image. During a trim (crop) function, the line spacing

2000

changes to keep the lines equally spaced. Using two horizontal and

2001

vertical lines (3x3 tiles) is useful for trimming an image following

2002

the Rule of Thirds (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thirds">Wikipedia</a>).

2003

1800

2004

1801

2005

1802

2006

Lens Parameters

1803

2007

2008

1804

2009

1805

2010

This is a dialog for setting and saving the two lens parameters,

1806

2011

lens_mm and lens_bow, which must be set for each camera/lens used for

1808

2013

input images so that they can fit together accurately. Enter a name for

1809

2014

the lens/camera and the two parameters. Up to four lens/cameras may be

1810

2015

entered. Lens_mm is roughly the focal length of the lens (35mm film

1811

equivalent), and lens_bow is a factor for edge-curving distortion. How

2016

equivalent), and lens_bow is a factor to compensate for edge-curving distortion (barrel and pincushion distortion). How

1812

2017

to set these parameters is described here, but you

1813

2018

should read the section on making panoramas first, in order to better

1814

2019

understand the following instructions.

1845

2050

Change Language</big>

1846

2051

This function allows you to change the GUI to one of the available

1847

2052

languages. If your language is not available and you know enough

1848

English, consider making a translation, which is not difficult (<a href="#translations">more</a>).

2053

English, consider making a translation, which is not difficult (<a href="#technical_notes">more</a>).

1849

2054

1850

2055

1851

2056

Create Launcher

1857

2062

1858

2063

Convert RAW Files</big>

1859

2064

This function converts one or more RAW files to

1860

tiff-48 format, using the program "ufraw". A file chooser dialog is

2065

tiff-16 format, using the program "ufraw". A file chooser dialog is

1861

2066

opened. Choose one or more RAW files (hold down the CTRL key to select

1862

2067

multiple files). The files are converted one at a time and displayed in

1863

2068

the

1890

2095

adjustments if wanted. The [burn] button will send the list of files to

1891

2096

Brasero to burn a CD or DVD.

1892

2097

2098

2099

2100

2101

Basic EXIF Data

2102

All EXIF Data</big>

2103

2104

If the package exiftool is installed, the View EXIF menu will display

2105

EXIF

2106

data in the current image file, if available. EXIF data contains the

2107

date and time of a photo, shutter speed, focal length, pixel

2108

dimensions, etc. Most cameras store this data inside the image. If the

2109

image is edited and then saved, the EXIF data is updated and stored

2110

with the new image. NOTE THAT

2111

THE EXIFTOOL PACKAGE IS REQUIRED IF YOU WANT TO RETAIN EXIF DATA WHEN

2112

AN

2113

IMAGE IS MODIFIED AND SAVED.

2114

2115

There are two menus for viewing EXIF data, Basic EXIF data and All EXIF

2116

data. Basic EXIF Data is a short report of the most commonly needed

2117

data, including the photo date and time, exposure data, focal length

2118

(real and 35mm equivalent), user-assigned tags and star rating, and a

2119

history of Fotoxx edit functions that have been applied to the image.

2120

All EXIF Data reports all available data, including IPTC and other

2121

categories supported by the program exiftool.

2122

2123

Fotoxx uses the following EXIF keys, which can be modified in the Edit Tags function:

2124

2125

2126

2127

<tbody>

2128

2129

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Date/Time Original

2130

</td>

2131

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit Tags function - image date

2132

</td>

2133

</tr>

2134

2135

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Keywords

2136

</td>

2137

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit Tags function - image tags

2138

</td>

2139

</tr>

2140

2141

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Rating

2142

</td>

2143

<td style="vertical-align: top;">Edit Tags function - image stars

2144

</td>

2145

</tr>

2146

<tr>

2147

<td style="vertical-align: top; font-family: sans-serif;">Edit Status

2148

</td>

2149

<td style="vertical-align: top;">history of fotoxx edits applied to the image

2150

</td>

2151

</tr>

2152

</tbody>

2153

</table>

2154

2155

2156

2157

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Edit EXIF data

2158

</big>

2159

A specific EXIF key can be added or revised. Enter the key name and

2160

press [fetch] to retrieve existing data, if any. Enter the new data and

2161

press [save] to save the new or revised data. Input the key name in lower case and without blanks, e.g. the

2162

key "User Comment" in View EXIF Data would be entered as "usercomment".

2163

2164

2165

2166

<big>Delete EXIF data</big>

2167

2168

This function allows deletion of a specified EXIF key, or all EXIF data

2169

at once. Input a key name in lower case and without blanks, e.g. the

2170

key "User Comment" in View EXIF Data would be entered as "usercomment".

2171

1893

2172

1894

2173

Tags Menu</big></big>

1895

2174

1897

2176

Principles

1898

2177

</big>

1899

2178

Image files can have classification tags (categories, keywords)

1900

assigned to them. These can be used to search a large image library for

2179

assigned to them. These can be used to search a large image collection for

1901

2180

those images having desired tags. Typical tags: the main subject of a

1902

2181

photo, the associated event, the location, the person(s), etc. Tags

1903

2182

reside

1913

2192

other organizations, e.g. label all the images of one person over all

1914

2193

years, events, locations, etc. All images having a desired tag or tags

1915

2194

can be found quickly and displayed

1916

in a pageable image gallery window (thumbnails), where you can further review

2195

in an image gallery window (thumbnails), where you can further review

1917

2196

the images and choose those for viewing, editing, or changing their

1918

tags. If you have used directory and file names in a

2197

tags.

2198

2199

If you have used directory and file names in a

1919

2200

meaningful way,

1920

2201

you can keep using these, and you can also search for images

1921

using these names as well as tags.

1922

1923

1924

Images may have a date which is pulled from the image EXIF data,

2202

using these names as well as tags. There is no need to duplicate information already available. See "Search Tags" below.

2203

2204

Images may have a date (date of photo) which is pulled from the image EXIF data,

1925

2205

if present, or manually set. Images may have a "star rating" for the

1926

2206

importance of an image. Dates and star ratings can also be used as

1927

2207

search criteria.

1928

2208

1929

The package "exiftool" must be installed for tag editing. This program

2209

The program "exiftool" must be installed for tag editing. This program

1930

2210

is

1931

2211

used by fotoxx to read and write the EXIF data within image files.

1932

1933

There is a tag database used for searching, which makes it very fast

1934

(thousands of images per second are searched). The database is

2212

A tag index file is used for searching, which makes it very fast

2213

(thousands of images per second are searched). The index is

1935

2214

generated from the tags data inside the image EXIF data. Thus you can

1936

2215

rearrange your image directories and files without losing anything -

1937

you must only regenerate the database, which is simple and fast. See

1938

the section Index Tags and Thumbs.

2216

you must only regenerate the index file, which is simple and fast. See "Index Tags" below.

1939

2217

1940

2218

Limitations and

1941

2219

Practical Tips

1942

2220

The following are the default limits for tags. These are compile time

1943

2221

constants which can be easily increased if needed, although I believe

1944

2222

they are large enough to exceed practical limits:

1945

o   max. tag length: 30 characters per tag

1946

    o   max. tags for one image file: 300

2223

o   max. tag length: 50 characters per tag

2224

    o   max. tags for one image file: 1000

1947

2225

characters

1948

    o   max. tags for all images: 1000 unique

1949

tags up to 20000 total characters

1950

o   max. tags in a search: 200 characters

2226

    o   max. tags for all images: 2000 unique

2227

tags up to 50000 total characters

2228

o   max. tags in a search: 200 characters

1951

2229

The practical limit for the overall number of tags is in the range

1952

2230

100-200. Exceeding this range is possible but will lead to some

1953

2231

practical problems: The window showing available tags will be large and

1958

2236

redundancies. This is a bigger problem when tags are initially being

1959

2237

defined for a library with thousands of images, and less of a problem

1960

2238

afterwards when new images are added in small batches. Searching tags

1961

is also more cumbersome if the window of available tags is huge. If the

2239

is also more cumbersome if the number of tags to choose from is huge. If the

1962

2240

tags are broadly defined and fewer in number, the search results will

1963

2241

be larger, but using the search results (image gallery window) to find a

1964

2242

smaller set of images is also quite fast. Physical file organization is

1965

2243

also preserved in the gallery window (files located together in their

1966

2244

directories will also appear together in the gallery window). All in

1967

2245

all, my recommendation for the casual photographer is to use fewer and

1968

broader tag categories.

1969

1970

2246

broader tag categories.

2247

2248

2249

1971

2250

1972

Edit Tags</big>

2251

Edit Tags</big> <img style="width: 306px; height: 351px;" alt="" src="images/edit-tags.jpeg" hspace="9" vspace="9">

1973

2252

Open

1974

2253

an image file and then select the edit tags menu. Existing tags

1975

2254

are shown in "current tags". Available tags are shown in the "assigned

1980

2259

images easier, assuming that many of the same tags will be used

1981

2260

repeatedly. Point and click the same way. New tags that have never been

1982

2261

used before (and do not appear in the list) can be added by typing them

1983

in and pressing [create tag].  The date of the

2262

in and pressing [create tag]. The date of the

1984

2263

image, if available, is shown as "image date". This may be entered if

1985

2264

missing, or changed. You can enter a full date in the format yyyymmdd

1986

2265

or a shorter format yyyy or yyyymm. A missing month or day is logically

1987

2266

equivalent to "01" for search purposes. The [use last] button fills-in

1988

2267

the date from the last date entered or shown. This is to allow easy

1989

dating of a series of images. You may enter an optional "stars" rating

1990

in the

1991

stars field. Use numeric values, e.g. 5 for a 5-star rating. The dialog

2268

dating of a series of images. You may enter an optional "stars" rating for the image. The dialog

1992

2269

remains open if you navigate to a new image, and the current tags are

1993

2270

filled-in from that image.

1994

2271

2272

2273

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Mass Add Tags

2274

</big>

2275

When adding tags to a large number of images having many of the same

2276

tags (i.e. the same event or subject matter), use this function to

2277

speed up the process. In the dialog, use the [select files] button to

2278

open a file chooser dialog where you can select as many image files as

2279

you want. Specify tags to add to the images by clicking tags in the

2280

"assigned tags" list. If you need a new tag, input the tag and press

2281

[create tag] to add it to the list. When done specifying files and

2282

tags, press [add tags] to add all the tags to all the files.

2283

1995

2284

1996

Search Tags</big>

2285

Search Tags</big> <img style="width: 642px; height: 426px;" alt="" src="images/search-tags.jpeg" hspace="9" vspace="9">

1997

2286

Use the search tags menu to find images having desired tags. Available

1998

2287

tags are shown and can be chosen with point and click. Use the radio

1999

2288

buttons to select "match all tags" or "match any tag". Press the

2020

2309

missing high value means unlimited.

2021

2310

2022

2311

Directory and file names may also be searched, with simple wildcard

2023

matching. Example: in the input field labeled /path*/file*, enter

2312

matching. Example: in the input field labeled "/path*/file*", enter

2024

2313

*egypt*cairo* to select all files with "egypt" and "cairo" in the

2025

2314

directory or file names. The matching rule is simple: * matches any

2026

2315

sequence of characters anywhere in the full /pathname/filename.

2030

2319

can enter multiple file search strings separated by blanks, and files

2031

2320

matching any of the strings will be selected. Name matching is not

2032

2321

sensitive to case: both *aaa* and *AAA* would match the previous

2033

example. Note: only the files that have been indexed (menu: tools >

2034

index tags and thumbs) are searched. This is NOT a general file search

2035

function that covers the entire file system.

2322

example. If file names include blanks, use quote marks around the

2323

search string, otherwise the blank will result in two separate search

2324

strings, e.g. *NYC parade* would be interpreted as a search for "*NYC"

2325

and "parade*", so use "*NYC parade*" to keep the text together.

2326

2327

To find all images with no tags,

2328

search with all-blank tags, stars, dates, and file names.

2329

2330

If you have added, deleted, or moved image files outside of fotoxx, be

2331

sure to run  Tags > Index Tags  to get the

2332

search index synchronized with the actual image files.

2333

2334

2335

2336

Index Tags

2337

2338

You need to do this after first installing fotoxx, if you add new image files to your collection, or if you

2339

move or reorganize image files and directories. Nothing is lost when

2340

image files are moved around, but

2341

tag searching will not work, and the image gallery (thumbnail) windows will be slower. The

2342

index function regenerates the tags index file and the thumbnail images

2343

that make the gallery windows fast. A dialog will ask

2344

for the topmost directory of your image files. That directory and any subdirectories containing images will be

2345

processed. If you have multiple image directories not within the same hierarchy, make one directory with links to all the others.

2346

The time required depends on computer speed and average image size. My

2347

(fast) development computer does about 800 images / minute.

2348

Once the images have been indexed,

2349

searching them using tags is almost instantaneous. This function also works incrementally: if only a few images have been added

2350

or moved (unknown to fotoxx), then only these images are processed. The

2351

indexing should complete in seconds instead of minutes. The index is

2352

built in memory and then written to disk (/home/<user>/.fotoxx/tags_index).

2353

There is a limit of 100K images.

2354

2355

2356

<big style="font-weight: bold;">Convert Tags </big>(Important, please read)

2357

Prior to version 10.0, fotoxx used the EXIF key "UserComment" to

2358

save

2359

user-defined tags. This is the documented purpose of this key, but in

2360

reality another key is the predominate standard, and that is the IPTC

2361

key "Keywords". In order for fotoxx to share tags with other programs,

2362

fotoxx needs to conform. Fotoxx version 10.0 converts tags to the new

2363

standard. The menu  Tags > Convert Tags  does the job of

2364

moving tags from

2365

"UserComment" to "Keywords". The special keyword "Stars=N" is converted

2366

to

2367

the more standard EXIF key "Rating" (a 5-star rating system). Blank tag

2368

separators are replaced with semicolons (which seems to be the most common

2369

practice).

2370

2371

You must do the tags conversion before any image or tag editing is

2372

done, or else tags for edited images will be lost. You will be warned

2373

at fotoxx startup to do the conversion. Nothing is deleted, so

2374

the conversion job can be repeated if needed, and the "Keywords" key will be

2375

written again. If the conversion fails, you can continue to use the

2376

previous version of fotoxx (v.9.9) until the problem is fixed.

2377

2378

If you have fotoxx tags you want to keep, do the following:

2379

(1)  Back-up your image files

2380

(2)  Do the function:  Tags > Convert Tags

2381

(3)  The function:  Tags > Index Tags  will follow automatically

2382

The process is slow: my 3800 image database required almost 30 minutes to convert.

2036

2383

2037

To find all images with no tags,

2038

search with all-blank tags, stars, dates, and file names.

2039

2040

2384

If you have never used fotoxx tags, or if you

2385

have tags from another program you want to keep, then do the following:

2386

(1)  DO NOT  run the function:  Tags > Convert Tags

2387

2388

(2)  Do the function:  Tags > Index Tags

2389

2390

2041

2391

2042

2043

View EXIF Data</big>

2044

If the package exiftool is installed, the View EXIF menu will display

2045

EXIF

2046

data in the current image file, if available. EXIF data contains the

2047

date and time of a photo, shutter speed, focal length, pixel

2048

dimensions, etc. Most cameras store this data inside the image. If the

2049

image is edited and then saved, the EXIF data is updated and stored

2050

with the new image. NOTE THAT

2051

THE EXIFTOOL PACKAGE IS REQUIRED IF YOU WANT TO RETAIN EXIF DATA WHEN

2052

AN

2053

IMAGE IS MODIFIED AND SAVED.

2392

2393

2394

There were a few image files in my database (from a 10-year-old

2395

camera)

2396

which had EXIF structural errors and did not convert (exiftool output

2397

an error message). I was able to fix these using fotoxx [save] (save

2398

the file to itself), and then  Tags > Edit Tags  to add

2399

the correct tags manually.

2054

2400

2055

2056

2057

2058

2401

2402

If you have problems, please write me at: <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact</a>

2403

2404

2059

2405

2060

2406

</big>

2061

2407

2062

2408

2063

2409

2410

2064

2411

About

2065

This displays a short message about the fotoxx version number, license,

2066

home page, and credits.

2412

This displays a short message about the fotoxx version number, license, credits, and contact address.

2067

2413

2068

2414

User Guide

2069

2415

The user guide (this document) is displayed (created using the WYSIWYG

2070

HTML editor SeaMonkey).

2416

HTML editor Kompozer).

2071

2417

2072

2418

README

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Displays the README file distributed with fotoxx, which may contain new

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Change Log to check if there is anything special you need to be aware of.

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Change Log

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Displays the change log file distributed with fotoxx, containing details

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about functional changes, additions, or bug fixes for the current and

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Translate

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Displays a short text file which explains how to make a new translation

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or change an existing one. This involves editing a text file that

2087

contains English text messages with corresponding translations (<a href="#translations">more</a>).

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contains English text messages with corresponding translations (<a href="#technical_notes">more</a>).

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Home Page

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Shows the fotoxx home page from the Internet. Look here for program updates.

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Technical Notes</big>

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Translations

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See the menu 

2448

See the menu

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Help > Translations  or the text file

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TRANSLATIONS for

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guidance on how to modify an existing translation or make a new one.

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This is a fairly simple process: edit a text file with English text

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strings followed by their corresponding translations. See one of the

2107

existing translations as an example: /usr/local/share/fotoxx/locales/fr

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(the French translation file). A new translation for language code xx

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existing translations as an example, e.g. /usr/local/share/fotoxx/locales/de/fotoxx.po

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(the German translation). A new translation for language code xx

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would be saved at /usr/local/share/fotoxx/locales/xx. After making such

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a file, you can test it by starting fotoxx on the command line: $

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fotoxx -l xx.

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Hardware and Software Requirements

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Fotoxx works best on a fast computer (2+ GHz) with at least one

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Hardware and Software Requirements Fotoxx works best on a fast computer with at least one

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gigabyte of memory. Multiple CPU cores are utilized for compute

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intensive functions (e.g. sharpen, rotate, warp). Smaller computers

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intensive functions (e.g. sharpen, rotate, warp, tone mapping). Smaller computers

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(notebooks, netbooks) will work, but will be quite slow for some

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functions. Screens smaller than 1200x800 will feel confining for some

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functions. The typical notebook screen with poor brightness and color

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should not be used to adjust color and contrast.

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Fotoxx uses the following software:

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<tbody>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  libfreeimage

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">read and write jpeg, tiff, and other image file formats

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  xdg-utils

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">open text or html files with user's assigned application

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  exiftool

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">read and write EXIF data, including user-defined image tags

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  ufraw

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">import raw image files from a digital camera

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  brasero

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">burn a CD or DVD with selected images

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  g++

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">GNU C++ compiler (to compile fotoxx from source)

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  libgtk2.0-dev

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">GTK/GDK/Pixbuf development files (to compile from source)

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  libfreeimage-dev

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">(to compile from source)

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</td>

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</tr>

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<tr>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">  printoxx

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</td>

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<td style="vertical-align: top;">fotoxx sister application for making or printing a collage of images

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</td>

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</tr>

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</tbody>

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</table>

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See the README file for instructions on compiling fotoxx from source.

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Command Line Options

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The following command line options can be used in launchers to simplify

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startup:

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   fotoxx

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functions. Monitors smaller than 1200x800 will feel confining for some

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functions. The typical notebook screen with limited brightness and color

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should not be used for image retouching.

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Packages Required by Fotoxx

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Fotoxx requires the following libraries and programs to function at run time:

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libtiff4

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             read and write

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tiff files, 8 and 16 bits per color

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xdg-utils        

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open text or html files with user's assigned application

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exiftool              read and

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write EXIF data, including user-defined image tags

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ufraw                

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import raw image files from a digital camera

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brasero              burn a CD or DVD with selected images

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Packages Required for Fotoxx Source Build See the README file for instructions on compiling fotoxx from source.

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In addition to the programs listed above, the following are also needed:

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g++                      

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GNU C++ compiler

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libgtk2.0-dev         Gnome GTK/GDK/Pixbuf/etc. development files

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libtiff4-dev             tiff library development files

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Command Line Options    fotoxx

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/.../imagefile.jpg

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        #  initial image directory or

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     #  initial image directory or

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file to

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open

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   fotoxx -l lc

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open

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fotoxx -l lc

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#  language code to use for GUI (de, fr ...)

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#  language code to use for GUI (de, fr, es, ...)

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fotoxx

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-v                        

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#  output version and build date and exit

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Status Bar Information

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The status bar contains information relevant to the current activity:

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   navigation:  

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1234x987x24 0.45MB 56%  edits: 3

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   HDR/pano:     align: 2345  offsets: +12.3 -23.4 +0.0023 +1.2 -2.3 +4.5 -5.6  match:

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0.91234

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-v                 

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#  output version and build date and exit

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Status Bar Information    navigation:

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1234x987x24 0.45MB 56%  edits: 3

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   HDR/pano:       align: 2345  offsets: +12.3 -23.4 +0.0023 ...  match:

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0.91234 Explanations:

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   1234x987x24   image width x height x depth (bits per

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pixel)

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pixel)

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0.45MB        image file size (updated

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0.45MB             image file size (updated

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when a

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modified image is saved)

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modified image is saved)

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56%           zoom status,

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56%                  zoom status,

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image

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% size

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% size

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   edits:

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3      3 prior versions are saved in the

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undo stack

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3             3 prior versions are saved in the

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undo stack

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2345          HDR or panorama

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alignment cycles done (progress indicator)

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2345                 HDR or panorama

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alignment cycles done (progress indicator)

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   +12.3

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etc.   

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alignment offsets: x, y, theta, 4 corner warp values

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etc.       

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alignment offsets: x, y, theta, 4 corner warp values

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0.91234       image match (creeps up as

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alignment improves, reset each stage)

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0.91234            image match (creeps up as

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alignment improves, reset each stage)

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File Types Supported

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Fotoxx uses two libraries to support reading and writing of image

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files: the GDK pixbuf library and libtiff. Pixbuf supports JPEG, PNG,

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ICO and BMP files, all with 3 RGB colors and 8 bits per color. Libtiff

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supports TIFF files with 1-bit depth (bi-level), 8-bit and 16-bit

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grayscale, and 3 RGB colors with 8 or 16 bits per color. Other TIFF

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formats are not supported by fotoxx, although they could be added if

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there is a need. Bi-level and grayscale images are treated as RGB

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inside fotoxx, with all RGB colors set to the same value (shades of gray). Fotoxx converts camera RAW files to TIFF RGB with 16 bits per color (using the program ufraw).

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Missing Toolbar Text

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This is a Gnome configuration issue. The default varies with the phase

2554

of the moon. Open a terminal window and give the command

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"gconf-editor". In the dialog, select desktop > gnome >

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interface. Set the toolbar style to "both", meaning icons and text. This is also configurable in KDE.

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Color Depth 8-bit color (256

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brightness levels), as supported by JPEG files, is the norm for image

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files and is

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usually adequate. LCD monitors are limited to 8-bits, and the

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effective brightness range for photo paper is less than 8 bits. One

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brightness step (averaging 0.4% over the gamma range) is very hard to

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see. 16-bit color can be

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useful if a narrow brightness range within an image has been expanded

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(via various retouching functions). This expansion within a narrow

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range can lead to visible

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"banding" or "picket fence distribution". If the image has a 16-bit

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color depth, this effect can be reduced, even after the image is

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truncated back to 8 bits for storage (JPEG) or display on a monitor.

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Alignment

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Algorithm

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5000 high-contrast or "edge" pixels are selected to control

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Algorithm (HDR, HDF, Panorama) 5000 high-contrast or "edge" pixels are selected to control

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alignment in HDR, HDF, and Panorama. The actual

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pixels used are shown in red during the alignment process, which is

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also entertaining. For Panorama and HDF, one image is systematically

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horizons or rotations will not fit perfectly with simple translation

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and rotation.

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Alpha Channels

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Images having alpha channels (transparency information) can be

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processed, but the alpha channel is lost when the processed file is

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Tone Mapping Algorithm

2585

The method used by fotoxx is home-made, but inspired by "fattal" and

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other gradient-based methods. It is not as effective as fattal in some

2587

cases, but close. On the other hand, fotoxx is both fast and simple.

2588

The source code is about 250 lines, including the GUI and

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multi-threading.

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Alpha Channels Images having alpha channels (transparency information) can be

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processed, but the alpha channel is lost when the processed image file is

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saved.

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Image Deterioration From Repeated

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Editing

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If you save an edited image file and then use this file later to

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Editing If you save an edited image file and then use this file later to

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perform additional edits, pixel resolution may be lost. It is better if

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you do all edits when the image files are first processed, to minimize

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image deterioration (or go back to the originals if you still have

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them). The following edit functions reduce resolution about 1/2 pixel,

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and this error can accumulate from repeated edits: rotate (other than

2255

90 degrees), HDR, panorama, unbend, warp. Resize to a smaller size will

2601

and this error can accumulate if you save and open the file between edits: rotate (other than

2602

90 degrees), HDR, HDF, panorama, unbend, warp. Resize to a smaller size will

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of course reduce

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resolution, but using the fraction 1/2, 1/3, or 1/4 gives the best

2258

results. The following functions do not reduce resolution: flatten,

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brightness/color, red eye, sharpen, reduce noise, trim, all art

2605

results. The following functions do not reduce resolution: white balance, flatten,

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brightness/color, brightness ramp, expand, tone mapping, red eye, sharpen, reduce noise, trim, flip, and all art

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functions.

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EXIF Errors

2610

Cameras (esp. older ones) do not always produce structurally correct

2611

EXIF data, and the program exiftool (used by fotoxx to manipulate EXIF

2612

data) may produce error messages. I have been able to fix these cases by

2613

saving the file on top of itself, which will

2614

replace the EXIF data with whatever exiftool was able to read

2615

correctly. If tags get lost, you must restore them manually.

2616

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2617

Source

2263

Code

2264

The C++ source code is heavily commented in the hope that others can

2618

Code The C++ source code is heavily commented in the hope that others can

2265

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understand and use the code for their own projects. If you have a

2266

2620

technical question about how something works, or a better idea to pass

2267

along, you can write to me at kornelix@yahoo.de.

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2269

Questions

2270

and Problems

2271

If you have a question or run into a problem, you can write to me at

2272

kornelix@yahoo.de. If you send any images that work poorly, I can use

2621

along, you can  contact me at: <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact</a>

2622

2623

2624

Questions

2625

and Problems If you have a question or run into a problem, contact me at: <a href="http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact">http://kornelix.squarespace.com/contact</a>

2626

2627

2628

If you send any images that work poorly, I can use

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2629

these to try to improve fotoxx. If there is a traceback dump on the screen, or error messages in the

2274

log file  /home/<user>/.fotoxx/fotoxx.log

2275

please send these also.

2630

log file ( /home/<user>/.fotoxx/fotoxx.log ), please send these also.

2276

2631

2277

Technical Reference Book

2278

I recommend the book "Introduction to Image Processing and Analysis" by

2632

Technical Reference Book I recommend the book "Introduction to Image Processing and Analysis" by

2279

2633

Russ and Russ, CRC Press. It is clear and concise. The following

2280

2634

algorithms were adapted from

2281

this book: flatten brightness distribution, sharpen (unsharp mask,

2282

Laplacian), noise reduction (median smoothing, top hat), simulated

2283

embossing.

2635

this book: flatten brightness distribution, unsharp mask, noise reduction (median smoothing, top hat), simulated

2636

embossing. The affine transform method for image warping and rotation was found via Google.

2284

2637

2285

Acknowledgements

2286

I am grateful for the programs libfreeimage, ufraw, exiftool, and brasero,

2287

which have helped fotoxx evolve much faster than otherwise possible. Of

2638

Acknowledgements The programs  libtiff, ufraw, exiftool and brasero

2639

have helped fotoxx evolve much faster than otherwise possible. Of

2288

2640

course this also applies to GTK, GDK, the pixbuf library, the GNU

2289

tools and libraries, and the entire Linux ecosystem. Many generous

2290

persons have donated their time for translations and testing (see Help

2291

/ About). Many of the ideas in fotoxx have come from users.

2292

2641

tools and libraries, and the entire Linux ecosystem. Thanks to those

2642

who have donated their time for translations and testing (see Help

2643

> About), and those who have donated their ideas for development.

2293

2644

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2646